it 用法总结

it 用法总结（通用7篇）

it 用法总结 篇1

IT一般指物不指人,但可指小孩、婴儿和团体等.IT用于成人,有轻蔑的含义.

For example: Would you like to marry Malcom? Fancy being owned by that! Fancy seeing it every day!

2、指示代词IT

作为指示代词时,IT可以指人.

For example: Who is it?(是谁呀?)

3、非人称代词IT

(1)指时间

For example: I glanced at my watch. It was earlier than I thought.

(2)指距离

For example:

How far is it from your office to the bank?

It was a long journey to that part of the country.

(3)指天气等自然现象

For example:

Now it is clearing up, and a sparrow is beginning to chirp.

It’s damp and cold. I thingk it’s going to rain.

4、IT用于前指或后指

(1)前指

For example:

---They lost the game.

---Yes, so I hear. Isn’t it a shame?

(2)x09后指

For example:

It’s seems so full of comfort and of strength, the night.

Though no one knew it, it was the last time he would be present at the bank.

注：代词it指代if或when等引导的状语从句时,既可前指,也可后指.

5、非确指的IT

有时,it所指代的是什么,要看上下文来确定.这种IT即所谓的非确指的it(Unspecified it).

For example:

1.How’s it going with you? (你近况如何?)

2.Does it itch much? (很痒痒吗?)

3.Where does it hurt? (哪儿痛?)

4.Now you are in for it. (你现在可倒霉了!)

5.It says in the Bible: Thou shalt not steal. (圣经上说:不许偷窃.)

6.Hand it all, we can’t wait all day for him. (见鬼!我们不能整天等他呀.)

7.We had a nice time of it. (我们玩得很好.)

8.There is nothing else for it but to stand. (没有办法,只好忍受.)

9.You never had it so good. (日子过得从来没有这样好.)

it 用法总结 篇2

1.it代替婴儿或年幼的小孩。

eg.Who's that baby?It's me.那婴儿是谁?是我。

2.it 代替上文的单数名词。

eg.This is my book.I got it just now.这是我的书, 我刚才买的。

3.it 表示不知雌雄的动物。

eg.Look at the bird.It’s always coming my window.看这只鸟, 它总是来到我的窗前。

4.前面的 it 在强调式中做形式主语, It is (was) +强调部分+that ( who) .后面 it 意为“这件事”。

eg.It was she who did it.就是他做的这件事.

It is the farm that we visited last week.上周我们参观的就是这个农场。

5.it习惯用于打电话或敲门时, 即用于“只听其声而不见其人”时, 表示“你, 我”。

eg:Who's it It's Tom.你是谁?我是汤姆。

=Who's that?This is Tom.

6.it 表示天气。

eg.It's hot today, We shan't go there.今天太热了, 我们不去那里了。

It's getting colder and colder.天变得越来越冷了。

7.it 表示星期。

eg.What day is (it) today.It's Sunday.今天是星期几?星期日。

8.it表示日期, 即几月几日。

eg, What's the date today?It is January lst.今天是几号?一月一日。

9.it 表示物体的“长 (long) , 宽 (wide) , 高 (tall/high) , 深 (deep) , 远 (away) , 重 (heavy) ”等。

eg.How long is it?It's five metres long.它有多长?有5米长。

10.it 表示时间。

eg.What time is it?It's six o'clock.几点啦?六点。

11.it表示距离。

eg.How far is it from here? It’s 50 kilometres (away) .从这有多远的路 50公里。

12.It is+时间+since+主语+过去时, it 表示时间。

eg.It is three years since I saw him.三年没看见他了。

=I haven't seen him for three years.

13.it 作不定式的形式主语.

eg.It isn't easy to learn English well.学好外语不容易。

It is too difficult to do this。做这个太难。

14.it 用在花费句型中, 其结构:

It+takes (took) +sb+一段时间/金钱+to do sth.花费某人多少时间/金钱做某事。

eg.It took me two months to finish the work.

15.it 作动词不定式的形式宾语, 常用于 believe, think, find 等动词后, 表达形式, 即“主语+谓语动词+it+形容词+to do sth.”

eg, We found it easy (difficult) to learn English.我们发现学英语很容易 (难) 。

16.it 表示人们心目中共知的事物。

eg.Doesn't it matter if he can't finish the job on time.

17.用于一些固定句型中。

(1) .It's time (for sb) +to do sth.

(2) .It’s time for+sth

(3) .It's very kind of sb.

巩固练习:

1.The book it not mine.I borrowed______ from library.

A.that B.it C.this D.him

2.I don't think______necessary for you to worry too much about your son.

A.those B.that C.it D.this

3.______ appears that the nurse is too tired.

A.It B.She C.This D.That

4.Is ______ possible to fly to the moon in a spaceship?

A.now B.man c.that D.it

5. ______in his small room that he wrote the great novel.

A.He is B.that was C.he was D.It was

6.______time for class.

A.This is B.It's C.That's D.What's

7. ______her young sister______she teaches English every Sunday evening.

A.It is, who B.That is, that C.It is, whom D.It is, that

8.Do you feel______ useful______ retell the text in our own words?

A.That, to B.it that C.that’s, to D.it, to

Key: 1 B 2 C 3 A 4 D 5 D 6 B 7C 8 D

注释:3 A, it 做形式主语, 真正主语是 that 引导的从句。

5 D, 这是强调句型, 被强调部分 in his small room.

解读高考考点,直击“it”用法 篇3

(04 I卷)27. I like ____ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.

A. this B. that C. it D. one

解析：选C。

(04 II卷)32. “Do you like ____ here?” “Oh, yes. The air, the weather, the way of life. Everything is so fine.”

A. this B. these C. that D. it

解析：选D。此类常见动词有like/hate/love/enjoy，当其后接when/if从句时，从句前应有it。如：I hate it when people talk with their mouths full．。

(05 I卷)35. The chairman thought ____ nece- ssary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting.

A． that B． it C． thisD． him

解析：选B。it作形式宾语,真正宾语是to invite…meeting。

(06 I卷)26. If I can help ____, I don’t like working late into the night.

A. soB. thatC. itD. them

解析：选C。help it是惯用法，常与can/could连用，“避免，阻止”。

(07 I卷)21. “Have you heard the latest news?” “No, What ____?”

A. is itB. is thereC. are theyD. are those

解析：选 A。it指代前文提到的news。

(07 II卷)7. ____ felt funny watching myself on TV.

A. OneB. ThisC. ItD. That

解析：选C。it作形式主语, 真正主语是watching…TV。

(10 II卷)14. The doctor thought ____ would be good for you to have a holiday.

A. thisB. thatC. oneD. it

解析：选D。it作形式宾语, 真正宾语是to…holiday。

“it”在近年高考中出现频率之高，可见其重要性。如何在考试中减少失误？希望下面总结对你有所帮助。

一、指心目中或上下文中的人或物。

“Who is it?” “It’s me, Li Tao.”

二、指无生命的东西，不明身份或性别的人。

They got a baby. It was three months old.

三、表示时间、天气、距离、温度等。

It is raining./It’s quite a long way.

四、形式主语：不定式、动名词及从句作主语时，为避免“头重脚轻”，用it作形式主语，而将真正主语置后。

It is strange that nobody knows how old he is．

其中，不定式和从句作真正主语很常见，在It’s no good/no use/useless/senseless/worthwhile/ dangerous/waste…后动名词作真正主语。

五、形式宾语：不定式、动名词、从句作宾语又有宾补时，用it作形式宾语，而把真正宾语置后。常用动词有:find， think, believe, suppose, consider, feel, make, keep, feel, make…等。

I found it important to learn English well.

六、为了强调句子中的某一成分(除谓语外)，可用“It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋…”的句型。

It was Mary that/who I saw in the street this morning.

注：强调句型中,把It is/was和that/who去掉后,句子意义仍完整。

七、习惯用语：

1. make it做到；赶上；约定时间

The task is too hard. We will never make it.

Let’s make it 15th.

2. see to it that…注意；留神；确保

See to it that everything is ready.

3. as it is用于句前, “事实上”；用于句末, “照原样”。

I thought he would be better, but as it is he is getting worse.

Leave the room as it is.

4. as it were可以说;某种程度上

He is, as it were, a walking dictionary.

5. Keep at it!干下去！

6. You’ll catch it!你可小心点儿！（警告）

7. fight it out 决一雌雄，辩个明白

it 用法总结 篇4

1．It is + 被强调部分 + that...该句型是强调句型。将被强调的部分放在前面，其它部分置于that之后。被强调部分可以是主语，宾语，状语。强调的主语如果是人，that可以由who换用。

如果把这种句型结构划掉后，应该是一个完整无缺的句子。这也是判断强调句型与其它从句的方法。

It was they that(who)cleaned the classroom yesterday.It was in the street that I met her father.2．It was not until + 被强调部分 + that...该句型也是强调句型。主要用于强凋时间状语，译成汉语＂直到．．．才．．．＂，可以说是 not...until...的强调形式。

It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.= Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize she was a famous film star.= I didn’t realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.3．It is clear(obvious, true, possible,certain....)that.....该句型中it 是形式主语，真正的主语是that 引导的主语从句，常译为＂清楚（显然，真的，肯定．．．）＂ 是主语从句最常见的一种结构。

It is very clear that he’s round and tall like a tree.= That he’s round and tall like a tree is very clear.4.It is important(necessary, right, strange, natural...)that...由于主句中的形容词不同，that 后的从句中要用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should 可以省去。

It is important that we(should)learn English well.It is necessary that he(should)remember these words.5.It is said(reported, learned....)that...该句型中的it 仍是形式主语，真正主语是that 引导的主语从句。该结构常译为＂据说（据报道，据悉．．．）＂。

It is said that he has come to Beijing.6.It is suggested(ordered...)that...主句中的过去分词是表示请求，建议，命令等词时，that 后的从句要用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should 可以省。常译为＂据建议；有命令．．

It is suggested that the meeting(should)be put off.It was ordered that we(should)arrive there in two hours.7.It is a pity(a shame...)that...该句型中，that后的从句一般用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should可省去．表示出乎意料，常译为＂竟然＂。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。

It is a pity that such a thing(should)happen in your class.It is a pity that he is ill.8.It is time(about time ,high time)that...该句型中that 后的从句应该用虚拟语气，值得注意的是① 常用过去时态表示虚拟．② 有时也用should + 动词原形，should 不能省。常译为＂是（正是）．．．的时侯．．．＂。

It is time that children should go to bed.= It is time that children went to bed.9.It is the first(second...)time that...该句型中的 that 从句不用虚拟语气，而用完成时态。至于用什么完成时态，由主句的谓语动词的时态决定。如果是一般现在时，后面从句用现在完成时态；如果是一般过去时，后面从句则用过去完成时态。该结构中 that 可以省去；it有时用 this / that 替换．常译为＂这是某人第几次做某事了＂。

It is the first time I have been here.= This is the first time I have been here.10 It is the +形容词最高级+ 名词 + that + …..该句型中的 that 从句不用虚拟语气，而用完成时态。至于用什么完成时态，由主句的谓语动词的时态决定。如果是一般现在时，后面从句用现在完成时态；如果是一般过去时，后面从句则用过去完成时态。该结构中 that 可以省去；it有时用 this / that 替换．常译为＂这是某人做过的最…的事情＂。

This is the best film that I have ever seen.That was the worst song that he had heard.11.It is....since...该句型主要用作处理瞬间动词的完成时，又要和表示一段时间的时间状语连用的问题。主句中是时间作表语，其时态是现在时或完成时，since 引导的从句通常是一般过去时态，而且是瞬间动词。如果主句是一般过去时，从句则用过去完成时。

It is(has been)5 years since his father died.12.It is...when...该句型中的 when 引导的是一个时间状语从句，主句中的 it 指时间，表语由具体的时间充当。常译为＂当．．．的时候，是．．．＂。

It was 5 o’clock when he came here.比较： There was a time when + 定语从句（曾经一度….；

有一个时期…）There was a time when Iraq was one of the strongest countries in the world.There was a time when I was disappointed and wanted to leave here.13.It be...before...该句型主句中的 it 指时间, 主句中的时态常是将来一般时或过去时两种时态．主句中的表语多是long, not long , 3 days , 2 weeks 等表示时间段的词或短语。常译为＂．．．之后．．．＂。

It was 3 days before he went to Beijing.It will be not long before he finishes his job.14.It happens(seems, looks, appears)that...该句型中it是形式主语，that 引导的是主语从句，主句中的happen , seem等词是不及物动词．

It happened(so happened)that he met his teacher in the street.碰巧．．

It seems that he will be back in a few days.看来．．．

15.It looks(seems)as if...该句型中it无意义。as if 引导一个状语从句。常译为，＂看起来好象．．．＂如果与事实不相符合，则用虚拟语气．

It looks as if he is ill.It looks as if he were ill.It seemed as if he were dying.16.It takes/costs sb....to do sth.该句型中的不定式是真正的主语，it是形式主语，句型中的直接宾语是时间。常译为＂做．．．要花费某人．．．＂。

It took thousands of people many years to build the Great Wall.注意： 当主语和表语都是不定式时，不能用it 作形式主语代替动词不定式。To see is to believe.To respect others is to be respected.17.It is kind(of sb.)to do sth.该句型中的不定式短语是真正主语，如果不定式的逻辑主语是由 of引起，主句中的形容词必须是能表示逻辑主语特征的形容词。常见的有： bad , brave , careless, clever , cruel , foolish , good（好心的）, honest , horrible , kind , lazy , modest , naughty , nice（有教养的）, polite, rude , silly , stupid , wise , wrong（错误的）等。这个句型可以改写为：sb.is kind to do sth.It is kind of you to say so.= You are kind to say so.18.It is necessary(for sb.)to do sth.如果不定式的逻辑主语是由for引起，主句中的形容词通常是表示重要性，紧迫性，频繁程度，难易，安全等情况的形容词。常见的形容词有：① important, necessary, natural ② easy , safe , common , normal , hard , difficult , dangerous , unusual, rare , impossible , pleasant等。

在①中的形容词作表语可以用从句改写，It is important for her to come to the party.= It is important that she(should)come to the party 19.It is no good / use / fun doing sth.It is a great pleasure / a waste of time / a bore doing sth.It is useless / nice / good doing sth.该句型中的真正主语是动名词或动名词短语，主句中的表语可以是名词或形容词。

It is no good learning English without speaking English.It is useless crying over spilt milk..It doesn’t matter whether(if)...该句型中whether(if)引导的从句是真正主语，该句型常译为 ＂不论（是否）．．．没关系．．．。

It doesn’t matter if they are old.21.We think it important to learn a foreign language.该句型中的it 作形式宾语。为了记忆方便我们可称该句型为“6123结构”。

6：指主句中常用的动词：think, believe, make, find, consider, feel(另外表示人的心理状态的动词还有：like , love , hate , appreciate , don’t mind , depend on 等)1：指的是形式宾语it；

2：指的是宾补的两种形式：形容词或名词；

3：指的是真正宾语的三种形式：不定式短语，动名词短语或that引导的宾语从句。

英语强调句及it用法 篇5

强调句、It的用法、省略和插入语

一、强调句

（一）强调句句型

1、陈述句的强调句型：It is/ was + 被强调部分（通常是主语、宾语或状语）+ that/ who（当强调主语且主语指人）+ 其它部分。

e.g.It was yesterday that he met Li Ping.2、一般疑问句的强调句型：同上，只是把is/ was提到it前面。

e.g.Was it yesterday that he met Li Ping?

3、特殊疑问句的强调句型：被强调部分（通常是疑问代词或疑问副词）+ is/ was + it + that/ who + 其它部分？

e.g.When and where was it that you were born?

4、强调句例句：针对I met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.句子进行强调。

强调主语：It was I that(who)met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.强调宾语：It was Li Ming that I met at the railway station yesterday.强调地点状语：It was at the railway station that I met Li Ming yesterday.强调时间状语：It was yesterday that I met Li Ming at the railway station.5、注意：构成强调句的it本身没有词义；强调句中的连接词一般只用that, who，即使在强调时间状语和地点状语时也如此，that, who不可省略；强调句中的时态只用两种，一般现在时和一般过去时。原句谓语动词是一般过去时、过去完成时和过去进行时，用It was …，其余的时态用It is …。

（二）not … until … 句型的强调句

1、句型为：It is/ was not until + 被强调部分 + that + 其它部分 e.g.普通句：He didn’t go to bed until/ till his wife came back.强调句：It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed.2、注意：此句型只用until，不用till。但如果不是强调句型，till, until可通用；因为句型中It is/ was not … 已经是否定句了，that后面的从句要用肯定句，切勿再用否定句了。

（三）谓语动词的强调

1、It is/ was … that … 结构不能强调谓语，如果需要强调谓语时，用助动词do/ does或did。

e.g.Do sit down.务必请坐。

He did write to you last week.上周他确实给你写了信。

Do be careful when you cross the street.过马路时，务必（千万）要小心啊！

2、注意：此种强调只用do/ does和did，没有别的形式；过去时用did，后面的谓语动词用原形。

二、It的用法

（一）作人称代词

1、it代替前面（或后面）的单数名词或分句等所表示的事物。

e.g.You cannot eat your cake but have it.（it代替前面的cake）

Although we cannot see it, there is air all around us.（it代替后面的air）

They say he has left town, but I don’t believe it.（it代替前面They…town分句中的情况）

2、代替有生命但不能或不必分阴阳性的东西（包括婴儿）。

e.g.Yesterday we saw a big tree.It was fully twenty metres high.（it代替前面的tree）

The baby cried because it was hungry.（it代替前面的baby）

3、在某些习惯说法中，可以代替人。e.g.----Someone is knocking at the door, Peter.----Who is it?----It’s me.----Who are singing?----It is the children.----The light is still on in the lab.It must be the third-year students doing the experiment.4、it与one的区别：这两个词都可以代表前面说过的名词，但it用于同名同物的场合；one则用于同名异物的场合。

e.g.----Do you still have the bicycle?----No, I have sold it.----Is this knife yours?----No.It is Xiao Zhang’s.Mine is the one on the desk.5、it与that的区别：两词都可代替某一特定名词，但that指同一类，并非同一个。

e.g.The climate of South China is mild（温和的）;I like it very much.（it指the climate of South China）

The climate of South China is much better than that of Japan.（that指the climate）

（二）作无人称代词

it作无人称代词时，除了句中找不到它所代表的词语外，另一个特点是它后面的内容都是表示天气、时间、距离、度量衡及情况等。

It is fine(rainy, windy, etc.).It is noon.It is a half hour’s walk to the factory.It is eighteen square metres in area.What does it matter?

（三）作强调词，构成强调结构 用以帮助改变句子结构，使句子的某一成分受到强调。“It is(was)+ 所强调的成分 + that(who)+ 其它成分。”在这个句型中，it本身没有词义。详见“

一、强调句”。

（四）引导词it作形式主语（宾语）

为了使句子平衡，常采用形式主语（或宾语）it，而把真正的主语（或宾语）置于句子后面。通常引导词it与它所代替的句子成分中间要夹有某些词。

e.g.It takes half an hour to go there on foot.（It与to go there on foot之间夹有takes half an hour四个词）

We thought it strange that Mr Smith did not come last night.（it与that从句中间夹有 strange）

但有时it与所替代部分之间并不夹有其它词。

it 用法总结 篇6

强调句型使用十要素

It is/was +… who/that…

十要素分别举例说明：

1. 如强调句型指现在或未来的情况用It is指过去用It was。

e.g. It is I who/ that am wrong.

分析：被强调部分为人强调词可用who也可用that. 指现在的情况所以以 It is开头，被强调部分是 I谓语用 “am”

原句： I am wrong.

e.g. It was him who hat I saw the day before yesterday.

原句为 I saw him the day before yesterday.

分析：指过去的情况用It was 开头，被强调部分为人所以强调词仍是who hat.

2. 被强调部分往往为句子的主语、宾语、时间状语、地点状语等，但有时也可以强调比较复杂的内容。 如时间状语从句、地点状语从句、not until… 结构、not only…but also…和as well as…等结构。

e.g. It was only when I reread his poems recently that I began to appreciate their beauty. (appreciate means understand and enjoy the good qualities or value of something欣赏、鉴赏、领会)

分析：强调部分为复杂的时间状语从句强调词不能使用when只可用that

e.g.It is not only he but also his parents who hat have been to Beijing.

3. 被强调部分为人称代词时，原句用什么格强调句也用什么格。

如上述例句。

4. 关于强调词的选用，强调人时可用who 或that，如果不强调人一律用that。此时绝不能与定语从句混淆，被强调部分为时间状语、地点状语、或原因状语时不可误用when, where 或why。

e.g. It was in the street that I met him yesterday.

尽管被强调部分是地点状语，强调词不能使用where只可用that.

e.g. It was about 600 years ago that the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.分析：指过去的情况用It was 开头，尽管被强调部分是时间状语，强调词不能使用when只可用that.

e.g. It was because he was ill that died at once

被强调部分为复杂的原因状语从句强调词不能使用why只可用that。

5. 被强调部分如果为主格人称代词，who hat后的动词和主格人称代词在人称和数上保持一致。 （如例一所示）

6. 强调句型的一般疑问句结构 IsWas it… who that…?

e.g. Was it during the Second World War that he died?

分析：以Was it 开头被强调部分是时间状语，强调词用that。

7. 强调句型的特殊疑问句结构

特殊疑问词+iswas it… who that…?

强调句型的特殊疑问句是就特殊疑问词强调

Where was it that you found your lost pen?

原句：Where did you found your lost pen?

8．强调句型It is was…who/ that中iswas前面可用muchmaymight等表推测的情态动词修饰。

e.g. It might be in his room that he met her.

注意：如改成特殊疑问句由于may,must表推测的情态动词只用于肯定句，所以否定句，疑问句might 应改成could.

e.g. Where could it be that he met her?

9. 强调部分为时间状语和地点状语时有可能先接定语从句再接强调句型

e.g. It was on October 1st,1949 when he joined the Party that he was killed.

e.g. It was in the room where he had studied for three years that he hound his lost pen.

10. 判断强调句型的使用是否正确的方法是将强调部分去掉如去掉强调句型结构后句子仍正确，强调句型就正确。

it 用法总结 篇7

1. one/that/it都可以用作代词, 指代前面所提到的名词。一般说来, it指代同名同物;而one与that指代同名异物。

I have a ticket for tomorrow’s football game. My aunt gave it to me.(句中it指代前面的a ticket,同名同物)

I found the very watch of mine where I had left it. （句中it指代前面的the watch of mine,同名同物）

I like movies starring Jackie Chan. Have you ever seen one? （one指代上文中的movies中的一个,同名异物）

The speech made by Obama was more inspiring than that made by McCain. （that指代前面的名词the speech,同名异物）

2. one与that虽然都可以用来指代同名异物, 但one为泛指, 相当于“a／an＋名词”；that为特指, 相当于“the＋名词”。

A bridge made of stone is stronger than one made of wood. （句中one相当于a bridge，表泛指）

I’m looking for a novel. I’d like one written by Jin Yong. （句中one相当于a novel，表泛指）

Yao Ming said that the basketball match against the Spanish team was one of great importance.(句中one相当于a match，表泛指)

In those days they lived a life worse than that of a beast of burden．（句中that相当于the life，表特指）

The song by Andy Lau（刘德华） is more beautiful than that by Nicholas Tse（谢霆锋）．（句中that相当于the song，表特指）

His seat was next to that of mine. （句中that相当于the seat，表特指）

3. one只能指代可数名词单数, 指代可数名词复数时用ones；that既可以指代不可数名词也可以指代可数名词单数, 指代可数名词复数时用 those。

The song Beijing Welcomes You is more popular than that one.（one指代可数名词单数song）

These records are mine and the ones on the desk are Mary’s.(ones指代可数名词复数records）

The climate here is often said to be similar to that of Japan.（that指代不可数名词the climate）

The resistance of a thicker wire is less than that of a thin one.（that指代不可数名词resistance,one指代可数名词单数wire ）

The students who do best in the exam are not always those with the best brains.(those指代可数名词复数students)

4. one既可指代物, 也可指代人；that只能指代物而不能指代人。有时可以用the one或the ones代替that或those。

He has never won a gold medal in international competitions, but he is going to get one in Beijing Olympic Games. （句中one指代物）

A football player serving a foreign club earns a lot more than one playing for a domestic club.(句中one指代人，不能用that）

My child doesn’t like this book．Show her a more interesting one.（句中one指代物）

The girl standing on the highest podium was the one who won the gold medal.(句中one指代人)

The ones ／Those for sale are books for children.（句中the ones指代物,可以用those替换）

Jay Chou （周杰伦）is the singer, the one who is loved by young people.（句中the one指代人, 不能用that）

He likes to watch football games, especially the ones／thosebetween Brazil and Germany.（句中the ones指代物,可以用those替换）

5. one/ones经常带有前置修饰语, 有时也可带后置修饰语。而that/those不能有前置修饰语, 但可带后置修饰语。当替代词one/ones带有后置修饰语时，它们前面常有定冠词,表特指。如果是表泛指，就不用定冠词。

Today’s football match is more exciting than the one we watched last week.（表特指）

He likes many professional basketball players, but Yao Ming and Michael Jordan are the ones he likes most.（表特指）

It’s easier to catch a sleeping lion than one that’s awake.（句中one表泛指，所以前面没有加the）

The study of English is as important as that of Chinese.

I think the table tennis technology of Zhang Yining is better than that of Wang Nan.

6. it可以指代句中的不定式、动名词短语或从句等, 充当形式主语或形式宾语。one与that则不行。

It is known to all that the Chinese Sports Delegation ranks first in the total number of gold medals in the 29th Olympic Games in Beijing.（it指代句中的that从句, 作形式主语）

I think it unwise that the French president Sarkozy meets Dalai Lama in spite of China’s opposition.（it指代句中的that从句, 作形式宾语）

It will be no good learning without practice.（it指代句中的动名词短语, 作形式主语）

I found it no use arguing with them about the matter.（it指代句中的动名词短语, 作形式宾语）

It is also important to remember that new inventions don’t always work well in the beginning.（it指代句中的不定式短语, 作形式主语）

China’s advanced space technology makes it possible for Shenzhou Ⅶ to be sent up into space successfully.（it指代句中的不定式短语, 作形式宾语）

7. 有些动词，如enjoy, like, dislike, love, hate, prefer, appreciate等后接if从句或when从句时，通常应先在动词后接it作形式宾语。

I hate it if you say such things about my idols in public.我讨厌你在大庭广众之下那样说我的偶像。

He hates it when people say a lot without doing anything.他讨厌别人光说不做。

We won’t like it if you regard your idols as God.我们不喜欢你把偶像视为上帝。

I would appreciate it very much if you could offer me a chance to have a photo taken with Beckham.如果你能给我一次机会和贝克汉姆照张像，我会十分感激。

I’d prefer it if you could get me a ticket for tomorrow’s football game.要是你能为我弄到一张明天的足球比赛票，那就太好了。

有些动词短语，如see to, look to, insist on, stick to, depend on, answer for等，也可以用于这个结构。后面常接that从句。

See to it that you don’t give up what you can’t do well.注意千万不要放弃你没有做好的事情。

Look to it that your child doesn’t drink milk powder of Sanlu any longer.注意不要让孩子再喝三鹿奶粉了。

I can’t answer for it that the Chinese Women’s Volleyball Team will win the game.我不能保证中国女排会赢这场比赛。

You may rely on it that the 29th Olympic Games will be held in Beijing successfully.你放心，第29届奥运会将会在北京成功举办。

常见的还有take it for granted that,bring it to sb.’s attention that,owe it to sb. that 等。

8. it与that均可以指代上文全句的内容或部分内容, 而one／ones则不可以。

Michael Phelps got eight gold medals in Beijing Olympic Games, and it is true.(it指代前面整个句子所表达的内容)

Take your pound of flesh! I declare the court allows it and the law gives it to you.(it指代前面的句子“Take your pound of flesh!”的内容)

Tom is painting his house. I am told he does it every four years.(it指代前面句中的部分内容“painting his house”)

Liu Xiang injured. That was why he didn’t participate in the 110 meter hurdles race.（that指代前面整个句子所表达的内容）

During the 5·12 earthquake she heard a terrible noise, and that brought her heart into her mouth.(that指代前面句中的部分内容“terrible noise”)

He wants to study art and become a famous artist. That will need a lot of money and practice.（that指代前面整个句子所表达的内容）

We see Wang Liqin when he comes to Qian’an to participate in the table tennis club league, but that isn’t often.(that指代前面整个句子所表达的内容）

one/that/it 的替代用法小结：

巩固练习

1．Is________ necessary to complete the design before National Day?

A．thisB. thatC. itD. he

2．Mr Zhang gave the textbooks to all the pupils except________ who had already taken them．

A．the ones B. ones

C. someD. the others

3．___ ___ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language．

A. ThereB. ThisC. ThatD. It

4.I was disappointed with the film， I had expected________ to be much better.

A. thatB. thisC. oneD. it

5. Tom’s mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but________ didn’t help.

A. heB. whichC. sheD. it

6.I’m looking for a house,________ with a garden.

A. oneB. whichC. thatD. it

7.I have quite a lot of homework to do. I must finish________ first.

A. itB. the oneC. thatD. those

8．Few pleasures can equal________ of a cool drink on a hot day．

A. someB. anyC. thatD．those

9.I’ve just seen no more than one copy of Gone with the Wind in the bookshop. Tom, go and buy___ ___ back.

A. oneB. anyC. itD. some

10.I hope there are enough glasses for each guest to have________.

A.itB. thoseC. themD. one

答案与解析

1. C it 作形式主语，指代后面的动词不定式短语。

2. A ones指代pupils, 后面有定语从句修饰，表特指，因此前面一定要加定冠词。

3. D it 作形式主语，指代后面的that从句。此题乍一看很容易被看成是There be结构，但根据意思和结构又很容易排除A。

4. D it指代前面的the film，指代同名同物。

5. D it指代前面整个句子所表达的内容。

6. A one指代上文的a house，指代同名异物，表泛指。

7. C 因为homework是不可数名词，而it应该指代同名同物，所以选C。

8. C that指代前面的名词pleasure。此处的pleasure意思是“令人愉快的事”，是可数名词。

9. C it指代上文的one copy of Gone with the Wind，指代同名同物。