高考英语作文热点话题及（共7篇）
高考英语作文热点话题及 篇1
成功与失败:
1.面对困难，他们永不放弃而尽自己最大努力去寻找出路。
Faced with difficulties/Facing difficulties, they never give up but try their best to find a way out.2.取得成功的关键是要有坚强的决心和意志。
The key to success is to have great determination and a strong will.3.通往成功的路不会平坦，充满挑战和艰辛。我们要勇敢地去面对。只要不放弃希望并付
出艰苦的努力，我们最终会实现我们的目标的。
The journey to success is not smooth , full of challenges and difficulties.We should be brave to face them.As long as we don’t give up hope and make every effort to overcome all the difficulties, we will surely achieve our goal(success)finally.4.只有当我们下决心并全心全意付出努力，我们才会使我们的生活充实并最终实现我们的梦想。
It is only when we make up our minds and work heart and soul that we will live our lives to the fullest and realize our dream at last.5.失败是件糟糕的事情，但是却是成功之母。如果我们积极地应对失败，我们就不会被打
败，有自信有勇气，最终会赢得胜利。
Failure is really a terrible thing but it is also the mother of success.If we hold a positive attitude towards failure with self-confidence and great courage, we will not be defeated and win victory.积极心态:
1.这幅图想要提醒我们乐观的重要性。
The picture intends to remind us of the importance of optimism.2.无论我们是贫穷还是富有，我们都应该因能为社会做事而感到高兴。所以，我们了解了给予是幸福的源泉。
Whether rich or poor, we should be happy to do something for society.Thus we can learn that giving is the source of happiness.3.对所发生的事持有积极的观点会帮助你发现生活中的美。
Having a positive outlook on what happens/has happened will help you realize the beauty inyour life.4.我们应该对生活持积极态度并总是告诉自己我们不能向生活中的灾难低头，而是要珍惜我们所拥有的，为实现理想而奋斗。
We should hold a positive attitude towards life and always tell ourselves that we should not yield to disasters in life but to cherish what we have and strive for our dreams./spare no effort to realize our dream.5.态度对于我们来说比事实更重要。我们不能改变过去；我们也不能改变事实。但我们唯
一能做的就是持有积极的心态。我确信生活就是百分之十发生在我身上的事和百分之九 十我对它们的反应。
Attitude to me is more important than facts.We cannot change our past;we cannot change the fact.However, the only thing we can do is hold a positive attitude.I am convinced that life is 10 percent what happens to me and 90 percent how I react to it.方式方法：
1.这幅图传达这样一个信息，一些人有自己的做事方法，而其他一些人只是盲目地去模仿别人，一事无成。
The picture conveys the message that some people go their own way in doing things, while others blindly struggle to copy others and achieve nothing.2． 为了获取知识，我们应该找到恰当的方法并为之付出长期努力，否则我们只能事倍功半。
To acquire knowledge, we should find a proper method and put constant efforts into what we are doing.Otherwise, we may end up getting half the result with twice the effort.3.我们应该专注于取得成功的过程。只要每一步都很恰当到位，我们迟早会获得我们想得
到的。
we should focus on the process of fighting for success.As long as every step is proper, sooner or later we will gain what we long for.4.如果我们在追求我们所想得的过程中能更创新，别出心裁，我们就可能找到解决问题的更容易的方法。
If we try to be more creative and think out of the box as we pursue what we want, there’s a great possibility that we find a much easier access, leading us directly to our goal.5.这幅图让我们思考什么是取得成功的最明智的做法。
The picture gets us to think what is the smartest way for us to achieve success.合作：
1.有两种做事的方法。它们是独立工作，和合作。There are basically two ways to get work
done.They are working individually and working in a team.2.合作给个人提供了与别人讨论与研究的机会。在这个过程中，人们能彼此帮助，进而
提升他们的交际与合作能力。
Working in a team provides the individuals with the chance to discuss and study together.During the process, they help each other so this can improve their communication and co-operative ability.3.只有当全体成员都意识到他们的作用，互相尊重，互相支持，目标才能被达成。
Only when all members of a group are aware of their own roles, respect and support each other, can the goal be achieved.4． 我们都有各自的优势和劣势，然而，通过相互合作和充分利用各自的才能，我们就能
取得更好的结果。
We all have strengths and weaknesses。However, by working with each other and making the best use of each other’s talents, we can always achieve a better result.5． 我们必须认识到合作的重要性并且努力使自己尽量多的投入到这样的活动中。
In my opinion, we have to realize the importance of teamwork and try to involve ourselves in the activities as much as possible.社会问题：
1.作为社会成员，我们每个人应该多关心老人。
As a member of society, each of us should care more about the elderly.２.只有当我们彼此信任时，我们才能建成一个和谐的社会。
Only when we believe in each other can we build a harmonious society.３.年轻一代变得越来越以自我为中心，这将会导致与他人交流和合作上的失败。
The young generation is becoming more and more self-centered, which will lead to a failure in communicating and cooperating with others.４.一些学生对电脑游戏上瘾，对学习越来越不上心。
Some students get addicted to computer games and pay less attention to their study.５.由使用过的塑料引起的白色污染问题正变得日益严重。
The problem of “white pollution” caused by used plastic bags is becoming increasingly serious.开放作文常见话题总结
成功与失败:
1.面对困难，他们永不放弃而尽自己最大努力去寻找出路。
2.取得成功的关键是要有坚强的决心和意志。
3.通往成功的路不会平坦，充满挑战和艰辛。我们要勇敢地去面对。只要不放弃希望并付出艰苦的努力，我们最终会实现我们的目标的。
4.只有当我们下决心并全心全意付出努力，我们才会使我们的生活充实并最终实现我们的梦想。
5.失败是件糟糕的事情，但是却是成功之母。如果我们积极地应对失败，我们就不会被打败，有自信有勇气，最终会赢得胜利。
积极心态:
1.这幅图想要提醒我们乐观的重要性。
2.无论我们是贫穷还是富有，我们都应该因能为社会做事而感到高兴。所以，我们了解了给予是幸福的源泉。
3.对所发生的事持有积极的观点会帮助你发现生活中的美。
4.我们应该对生活持积极态度并总是告诉自己我们不能向生活中的灾难低头，而是要珍惜我们所拥有的，为实现理想而奋斗。
5.态度对于我们来说比事实更重要。我们不能改变过去；我们也不能改变事实。但我们唯
一能做的就是持有积极的心态。我确信生活就是百分之十发生在我身上的事和百分之九 十我对它们的反应。
方式方法：
1.这幅图传达这样一个信息，一些人有自己的做事方法，而其他一些人只是盲目地去模仿
别人，一事无成。
2． 为了获取知识，我们应该找到恰当的方法并为之付出长期努力，否则我们只能事倍功半。
3.我们应该专注于取得成功的过程。只要每一步都很恰当到位，我们迟早会获得我们想得到的。
4.如果我们在追求我们所想得的过程中能更创新，别出心裁，我们就可能找到解决问题的更容易的方法。
5.这幅图让我们思考什么是取得成功的最明智的做法。
合作：
1.有两种做事的方法。它们是独立工作，和合作。
2.合作给个人提供了与别人讨论与研究的机会。在这个过程中，人们能彼此帮助，进而
提升他们的交际与合作能力。
3.只有当全体成员都意识到他们的作用，互相尊重，互相支持，目标才能被达成。
4． 我们都有各自的优势和劣势，然而，通过相互合作和充分利用各自的才能，我们就能
取得更好的结果。
5． 我们必须认识到合作的重要性并且努力使自己尽量多的投入到这样的活动中。
社会问题：
1.作为社会成员，我们每个人应该多关心老人。
２.只有当我们彼此信任时，我们才能建成一个和谐的社会。
３.年轻一代变得越来越以自我为中心，这将会导致与他人交流和合作上的失败。
４.一些学生对电脑游戏上瘾，对学习越来越不上心。
高考英语作文热点话题及 篇2
高考英语阅读理解要求考生既能掌握阅读材料的主旨大意, 又能掌握说明主旨大意的事实细节;既能理解具体事实, 又能理解抽象概念;既能理解字面意思, 又能理解深层含义;既能理解单个句段意义, 又能理解通篇逻辑关系, 本文拟对其热点题型的解答技巧作一些探讨和揭示。
一、细节理解题
细节理解题是高考英语阅读理解考查得最多的一种试题, 它要求考生对原文相关细节进行准确理解, 常见题型有:
1.直接细节理解题
一些试题直接指向原文特定词汇、短语和句型, 要求考生对其进行准确理解。解题时应认真阅读仔细分析题干内容, 弄清其所询问细节的角度, 然后带着所提问的细节角度回到原文, 查找答题所需信息。找到解题依据后应用下划线将其标出, 以便与题干内容进行对照阅读检查核对, 看两者是否吻合, 互为因果关系。这样做可以有效防止读题时的认识错误或查找答题所需信息时的定位错误。
例1:原文:Joan McLean thinks so. In fact, McLean, a professor of physics at Mountain University in Range, feels so strongly about this matter that she's developed a course on the topic. In addition to learning “who” invented “what”, however, McLean also likes her students to learn the answers to the “why” and “how” questions. According to McLean, “When students learn the answers to these questions, they are better prepared to recognize opportunities for inventing and more motivated to give inventing a try.” (2011年江苏卷阅读理解A篇第二节)
试题:Professor Joan McLean's course aims to . (57题)
A. add colour and variety to students' campus life
B. inform students of the windshield wiper's invention
C. carry out the requirements by Mountain University
D. prepare students to try their own inventions
解析:D 原文第二节末句When students learn the answers to these questions, they are better prepared to recognize opportunities for inventing and more motivated to give inventing a try.体现答案。
例2:原文:Hywind is a test run, but the benefits for perfecting floating wind-farm technology could be extremely large. Out at sea, the wind is often stronger and steadier than close to shore, where all existing offshore windmills are planted. Deep-sea farms are invisible from land, which helps overcome the windmill-as-eyesore objection. If the technology catches on, it will open up vast areas of the planet's surface to one of the best low-carbon power sources available. (2011年江苏卷阅读理解C篇末节)
试题:Wide applications of deepwater wind power technology can . (65题)
A. solve the technical problems of deepwater windmills
B. make financial profits by producing more turbines
C. settle the arguments about environmental problems
D. explore low-carbon power resources available at sea
解析:D 原文末节末句If the technology catches on, it will open up vast areas of the planet's surface to one of the best low-carbon power sources available.体现答案。
2.概括式细节理解题
一些细节理解题没有直接信息可以提供, 要求考生对与试题有逻辑联系的内容进行概括和总结, 从而提炼出答题所需信息。解题时应认真阅读仔细分析题干内容, 弄清其所询问细节的角度, 然后带着所提问的细节角度回到原文, 寻找与试题有逻辑关系的内容并对其进行概括和总结。
例1:原文:Ireland has had a very difficult history. The problems started in the 16th century when English rulers tried to conquer (征服) Ireland. For hundreds of years, the Irish people fought against the English. Finally, in 1921, the British government was forced to give independence to the south of Ireland. The result is that today there are two “Irelands”. Northern Ireland, in the north, is part of the United Kingdom. The republic of Ireland, in the south, is an independent country. (2011年安徽卷阅读理解D篇首节)
试题:What does the author tell us in Paragraph 1 (68题)
A. How the Irish fought against the English.
B. How Ireland gained independence.
C. How English rulers tried to conquer Ireland.
D. How two“Irelands” came into being.
解析:D 认真阅读分析原文第一节不难发现, 其介绍了英国人想征服爱尔兰、爱尔兰人与英国人斗争、南爱尔兰获得独立、北爱尔兰仍归属英国等背景信息, 由此不难概括其主要介绍两个爱尔兰产生的过程。
例2:原文:In the 1840s the main crop, potatoes, was affected by disease and about 750, 000 people died of hunger. This, and a shortage (短缺) of work, forced many people to leave Ireland and live in the USA, the UK, Australia and Canada. As a result of these problems, the population fell from 8.2 million in 1841 to 6.6 million in 1851. (2011年安徽卷阅读理解D篇第二节)
试题:We learn from the text that in Ireland . (69题)
A. food shortage in the 1840s led to a decline in population
B. people are moving to the cities for lack of work in the countryside
C. it is harder to make a living as a farmer than as a factory worker
D. different kinds of old Irish songs are all sung with instruments
解析:A 借助原文第二节中的was affected, died of hunger, forced many people to leave Ireland, the population fell可以概括出十九世纪四十年代食品的短缺导致了爱尔兰人口的下降。
3.数据性细节理解题
一些试题要求考生对原文数据性细节进行理解, 解题时应认真阅读仔细分析题干内容, 弄清其所询问数据的角度, 分析看其与原文哪些数据有因果关系, 是否需要对这些数据进行加减乘除的运算, 是不是要进行单位换算。
例:原文:
Rent (出租) a room
Spare room? Not only will a lodger (房客) earn you an income, but also, thanks to the government-backed “rent a room” program, you won't have to pay any tax on the first ￡4, 500 you make per year. Try advertising your room on Roomspare or Roommateeasy. (2011年四川卷阅读理解B篇第二则广告)
试题:If you earn ￡5, 000 from renting a room in one year, the tax you need to pay will be based on . (45题)
A.￡300 B. ￡500
C. ￡4, 500 D. ￡5, 000
解析:B 由原文第二则广告中的you won't have to pay any tax on the first ￡4, 500 you make per year.可以看出, 出租房屋的年收入中有4, 500英镑不需要纳税, 因此5000英镑的出租房屋年收入中只有5000-4500=500 (英镑) 需要纳税。
4.多细节性理解题
一些试题要求考生判断符合特定条件的数个细节性信息。因试题题干既有符合条件的信息, 又有不符合条件的信息, 而各符合条件的信息又是数个, 不少考生容易产生急躁心理。此时应静下心来, 冷静地分析题干内容, 弄清所问信息的逻辑角度, 然后带着这一逻辑角度回到原文, 弄清与题干要求一致的细节性信息是哪几处, 它们与哪一个选项正好吻合。特别需要注意的是, 此时不能将A、B、C、D所示细节分别与原文进行核对, 这样做大量耗费时间, 而且还容易造成急躁心理。
还有一些试题要求考生根据原文内容对所发生的多个细节性信息进行排序。解题时应阅读题干内容, 弄清要求排序的范围, 然后带着这一范围回到原文, 按事件发生的顺序将特定范围内的细节进行排序, 看其与哪一个备选项的内容一致。特别需要注意的是, 解题时不能使用代入法将四个备选项的细节性信息一一排序。这样做既浪费时间, 又容易造成急躁心理。
例:原文:
Brian Gambles, the LoB project director, says it is about giving people the right tools for learning: “The aim is to mix the physical with the digital. Providing 24-hour services which can be used through many different ways. It is important to enable us to reach more people, more effectively.”
The digital library will, he says, be as important as the physical one, allowing the distant use of the services, making sure that it is never closed to the public.
Even before the LoB is complete, the public has been able to go online to visit the Virtual (虚拟的) LoB, designed by Baden, the Birmingham virtual worlds specialists. Not only have the public been able to learn about the LoB, but the virtual one has also enabled those working on the LoB to understand the building and how it will work before it even opens.
Two other small Birmingham-based digital companies are also working on the LoB projects. Substrat, a digital design company, is developing what it calls an example of an “enlarged reality” project. It is about the use of an exciting smart phone, an important part of the LoB which is in the early stages of development. And The People's Archive is an online library of historical figures of the city being built up by a digital content company in Cahoots, in which users will be encouraged to add to and comment on the material.
Gambles says: “Technology will enable us to make the library's content and services open to citizens as never before.” (2011年四川卷阅读理解C篇第四、五、六、七节)
试题:Which of the following is true of the LoB when it opens? (51题)
A. a, b, d B. a, c, e
C. b, c, d D. b, d, e
解析:A 原文第四节it is about giving people the right tools for learning表明a与原文事实相符;原文第四节末句It is important to enable us to reach more people, more effectively.表明b与原文事实相符;原文第七节in which users will be encouraged to add to and comment on the material表明d与原文事实相符。
【易错处提醒】一些考生做直接细节理解题、概括式细节理解题和数据性细节理解题时只是将文章先读一下, 然后凭印象解答试题, 常常出现题干提问与所选细节张冠李戴的现象。解决问题的关键在于增强在原文中寻找解题依据的意识, 养成在原文中寻找解题依据的习惯。做多细节理解题第一种题型时一些考生喜欢将A、B、C、D所示细节分别与原文进行核对, 这样做大量耗费时间, 而且还容易丢分。正确的解题思路是先读题, 再读原文, 再确定符合题干的细节性信息, 最后选择。做多细节理解题第二种题型时一些考生喜欢使用代入法将四个备选项的细节性信息一一排序。这样做既浪费时间, 又容易丢分。正确的解题思路是先读题, 再读原文, 再将有关细节排序, 最后做出选择。
二、推理判断题
高考英语阅读理解推理判断题要求考生在原文中寻找与题干有逻辑联系的内容, 通过意义联想和逻辑转换分析其与哪个备选项在意义与逻辑上吻合, 从而最终推出答案。那么原材料中哪些信息可用来进行推理判断呢?
1.借助关键词进行推理判断
一些试题的解答只需要寻找与题干有逻辑联系的关键词就可以推出正确答案。解题时应认真阅读试题, 弄清其要求和回答问题的角度, 结合原文看其是否有关键词可用来进行推理。
例1:原文:However, when the two men first met, they never talked about climbing. “He knew that was how I got injured.” Wellman said. Until one day Wellman decided that he wanted to climb again and they started training. (2011年安徽卷阅读理解C篇第五节)
试题:What do we know about Wellman? (66题)
A. He climbed Half Dome by himself.
B. He was disabled in a traffic accident.
C. He stopped rock-climbing for some time.
D. He was saved by Corbett during the climb.
解析:C 由原文第五节画线部分的关键词可以推出Wellman曾经停止攀岩一段时间。
例2:原文:The Irish are famous for being warm-hearted and friendly. Oscar Wilde, a famous Irish writer, once said that the Irish were “the greatest talkers since the Greeks”. Since independence, Ireland has revived (复兴) its own culture of music, language, literature and singing. Different areas have different styles of old Irish songs which are sung without instruments. Other kinds of Irish music use many different instruments such as the violin, whistles, etc. (2011年安徽卷阅读理解D篇末节)
试题:The last paragraph is mainly about . (70题)
A. the Irish character
B. Irish culture
C. Irish musical instruments
D. a famous Irish writer
解析:B 由原文末节画线部分的关键词可以推出其主要介绍爱尔兰文化。
2.借助关键句、段进行推理判断
一些试题的解答需要对较多信息进行阅读和推理, 因此解题时应认真阅读题干, 找到与之有逻辑联系的关键句、段, 并借助其进行推理判断, 看它与哪一个备选项内容在意义与逻辑上吻合。
例1:原文:During the 1970s, people started becoming concerned about the pollution that is created when coal and gas are burned to produce electricity. People also realized that the supply of coal and gas would not last forever. Then, wind was rediscovered, though it means higher costs. Today, there is a global movement to supply more and more of our electricity through the use of wind. (2011年安徽卷阅读理解B篇第三节)
试题: One of the reasons wind was rediscovered in the 1970s is that . (62题)
A. wind power is cleaner
B. it is one of the oldest power sources
C. it was cheaper to create energy from wind
D. the supply of coal and gas failed to meet needs
解析:A 原文第三节画线部分的两个关键句之间互为因果关系, 因此二十世纪七十年代风再次被发现是因为风能更干净。
例2:原文:Sometimes situations call for us to act strong and brave even when we don't feel that way. But those are few and far between. More often, it would be better if we don't pretend we feel strong when we feel weak or pretend that we are brave when we are scared. (2011年广东卷阅读理解A篇末节)
试题:In this passage, the author advises us to . (29题)
A. handle problems by ourselves
B. accept help from others
C. admit our weakness
D. show our bravery
解析:C 由原文末节画线部分的关键句可以推出作者建议我们承认自己的不足之处。
例3:原文:A year after graduation, I was offered a position teaching a writing class. Teaching was a profession I had never seriously considered, though several of my stories had been published. I accepted the job without hesitation, as it would allow me to wear a tie and go by the name of Mr. Davis. My father went by the same name, and I liked to imagine people getting the two of us confused. “Wait a minute!” someone might say, “Are you talking about Mr. Davis the retired man, or Mr. Davis the respectable scholar?” (2011年广东卷阅读理解C篇首节)
试题: The author took the job to teach writing because . (36题)
A. he wanted to be respected
B. he had written some stories
C. he wanted to please his father
D. he had dreamed of being a teacher
解析:A 由原文第一节可以推出作者接受了教学的工作是因为他想象他父亲一样获得尊敬。
3. 借助常识进行推理判断
众所周知, 常识是人们普遍认可与赞同的观点, 是准确无误的信息。因此利用常识可进行推理判断, 并且快速高效。
例:原文:All of this was about more than convenience. There existed a close relationship between families and their milkmen. Mr. Basille even had a key to our house, for those times when it was so cold outside that we put the box indoors, so that the milk wouldn't freeze. And I remember Mr. Basille from time to time taking a break at our kitchen table, having a cup of tea and telling stories about his delivery. (2011年新课标全国卷阅读理解A篇第三节)
试题:What can be inferred from the fact that the milkman had the key to the boy's house? (57题)
A. He wanted to have tea there.
B. He was a respectable person.
C. He was treated as a family member.
D. He was fully trusted by the family.
解析:D 由常识可以推出一个外人若拥有特定家庭的钥匙说明其得到这个家庭的充分信任。
【易错处提醒】有时原文与试题有逻辑联系的内容较为曲折, 部分考生不能准确理解, 从而选错答案。考生应抓住与题干有逻辑联系内容的however, while, on the contrary, contrary to, and, unless, not…until…, not only…but also…, either…or…, neither…nor…, so that, in order that, in case, even if, even though, as if, as though, or, otherwise, therefore, thus等连词或副词, 对其进行准确理解, 从而正确解答试题。
三、词义判断题
近年来高考英语阅读理解题对词义的推断主要考查生词词义判断、代词指代判断、熟词新义判断和普通词汇特殊意义判断。
1.分析人称演变过程推断代词的正确指代
代词指代判断题考查考生依据语境逻辑推断人称代词和指示代词意义的能力。人称代词指代判断题要求考生对it, they, them, he, she等人称代词的正确指代进行判断。指示代词指代判断题主要考查考生对this, these, that, those等指示代词指代意义的判断能力。认真分析历年高考试题不难发现代词指代判断题常出现在人物变换多、动作转换频的语境中。解题时应认真阅读仔细推敲特定代词所在句和前后邻近句, 分析人称转换和动作变换的详细过程, 弄清其来龙去脉和前因后果, 从而准确推断其所替代的对象。
例1: 原文:He was judged unfit to return to sea and took a shore job in Glasgow for the rest of the war. For as long as I can remember, he had a weak heart. Mother said it was caused by the torpedoes. He said it was because of the cigarettes. Whichever, he died suddenly in his early 50s. (2011年湖南卷阅读理解B篇第六节)
试题:The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 6 refers to the father's . (63题)
A. weak heart
B. taking a shore job
C. failure to return to sea
D. injury caused by a torpedo
解析:A 认真阅读分析该词所在句及前两句不难发现, For as long as I can remember, he had a weak heart.为该词背景信息, 由此可以推断it指代week heart。
例2:原文:By the end of the seventeenth century, when newspapers were beginning to be read by more people, printed materials became an important way to promote products and services. The London Gazette was the first newspaper to set aside a place just for advertising. This was so successful that by the end of the century several companies started businesses for the purpose of making newspaper ads for merchants. (2011年大纲全国卷阅读理解B篇第二节)
试题:What does the word “This” in Paragraph 2 refer to? (61题)
A. Advertising in newspapers.
B. Including pictures in ads.
C. Selling goods in markets.
D. Working with ad agencies.
解析:A 认真阅读分析该词所在句及前一句不难发现, 前一句为该词背景信息, 由此不难推出This指代set aside a place just for advertising。
2.根据语境逻辑推断生词含义
生词词义判断题主要考查考生利用语境逻辑推断特定生词意义的能力。解题时应充分利用上下文, 找出特定生词在邻近句的背景信息, 然后借助转折、条件、因果、递进、对比、并列、让步等逻辑关系或定义和解释正确推断其含义。
例1:原文:Cassandra Feeley finds it hard to manage on her husband's income. So this year she did something more than a hobby (业余爱好) : She planted vegetables in her yard. For her first garden, Ms. Feeley has put in 15 tomato plants, and five rows of a variety of vegetables. The family's old farm house has become a chicken house, its residents arriving next month. Last year, Ms. Rita Gartin kept a small garden. This year she has made it much larger because, she said, “The cost of everything is going up and I was looking to lose a few pounds, too; so it's a win-win situation all around.” (2011年新课标全国卷阅读理解C篇首节)
试题:What does the word “residents” in Paragraph 1 probably refer to? (64题)
A. chickens B. tomatoes
C. gardens D. people
解析:A 认真阅读分析该词所在句不难发现, The family's old farm house has become a chicken house为该词背景信息, 由此可见its为a chicken house的所有格形式。进一步推理可知, residents指代chickens。
例2:原文:Can dogs and cats live in perfect harmony in the same home? People who are thinking about adopting a dog as a friend for their cats are worried that they will fight. A recent research has found a new recipe of success. According to the study, if the cat is adopted before the dog, and if they are introduced when still young (less than 6 months for cats, a year for dogs) , it is highly probable that the two pets will get along swimmingly. Two-thirds of the homes interviewed reported a positive relationship between their cat and dog. (2011年广东卷阅读理解B篇首节)
试题:The underlined word “swimmingly” in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to . (31题)
A. early B. sweetly
C. quickly D. smoothly
解析:B 认真阅读分析原文第一节不难发现, 该词与首句中的in perfect harmony和末句中的a positive relationship意义相近, 由此不难推断该词意为“愉快地”。
3.根据原始含义和所在句语境推断熟词新义
众所周知, 英语单词词义丰富, 搭配灵活, 一些熟词在特定语境中常产生新含义。有些新含义与原含义没有联系, 需要借助上下文进行推断。有些新含义既来自原含义又体现新特点, 只有将原含义和新语境有机结合, 在整体思维综合考虑的基础上才能准确推断。
例1:原文:Ultimately, as Nancy points out, the level of success is not measured by how many people read a book, but by how many people are enriched by the process, or have enjoyed speaking to someone with whom they would not otherwise have shared a word. (2011年天津卷阅读理解C篇第五节)
试题:The underlined words “shared a word” in Paragraph 5 probably mean . (49题)
A. exchanged ideas with each other
B. discussed the meaning of a word
C. gained life experience
D. used the same language
解析:A 认真阅读分析该词所在句不难发现, 该词应指代上文的speaking to someone, 由此不难推断其含义为“彼此交流想法”, 这与其原含义“分享一个字”有密切联系。
例2:原文:The real reason why I ask students to leave technology at the door is that I think there are very few places in which we can have deep conversations and truly engage complex ideas. Interruptions by technology often break concentration and allow for too much dependence on outside information for ideas. I want students to dig deep within themselves for inspiration and ideas. I want them to push each other to think differently and to make connections between the course material and class discussion. (2011年北京卷阅读理解C篇第四节)
试题:The underlined word “engage” in Para.4 probably means . (64题)
A. explore B. accept
C. change D. reject
解析:A 认真阅读分析原文第四节不难发现, 该词与上文的have deep conversations和下文的dig deep within themselves for inspiration and ideas有密切联系, 由此可以推断该词指代动作力度较大的explore。
4.依据语境逻辑推断普通词汇的特殊含义
一些非常常见十分普通的词汇在特殊场合会产生特殊的含义, 解题时应认真阅读仔细分析特定词汇所在句和邻近句, 弄清作者的表达目的和写作意图, 揭示其在特定词汇使用上的言外之意, 从而正确推断该词的真正含义。
例1:原文:Though years have now passed, I still wonder where my rainbow has gone. I wonder if, maybe when I get older, I can find my rainbow and never have to brush it away. I guess we all need some sort of rainbow to brighten our lives from time to time and to keep our hopes and dreams colorful. (2010年浙江卷阅读理解A篇末节)
试题:The underlined word “rainbow” in the last paragraph refers to . (43题)
A.the rainbow in the sky
B. the stripes on the pavement
C. something imaginative and fun
D. important lessons learned in childhood
解析:C 由句中brighten our lives可以推出这里的彩虹指有想象力的、有趣的东西。
例2:原文:However, what do we do with the time we have saved? Certainly not relax, or so it seems. We are so accustomed to constant activity that we find it difficult to sit and do nothing, or even just one thing at a time. Perhaps the days are long gone when we might listen quietly to a story on the radio, letting imagination take us into another world. (2010年江西卷阅读理解D篇第三节)
试题:What does “the days” in paragraph 3 refer to? (69题)
A. Imaginary life.
B. Simple life in the past.
C. Times of inventions.
D. Time for constant activity.
解析:B 由句中的when we might listen quietly to a story on the radio, letting imagination take us into another world.可以推断这里的the days不是平常的日子, 而指现在已不复存在的简朴日子。
【易错处提醒】有时要求判断词义的单词与推断依据相距较远, 部分考生无法将两者联系起来, 从而选错答案。考生首先应清楚画线词与推断依据可能相距较远, 以避免草率做出结论。其次还应分析作者解释的是什么概念、披露的是什么现象、介绍的是什么事物, 弄清其叙述有几个层次, 画线词与其话题有关还是与各层的层意有关, 从而结合具体语境推断出画线词词义的准确判断依据。
四、写作意图判断题
主题是阅读材料的高度浓缩, 它体现阅读材料的主旨大意、中心思想和作者的创作动机, 因此准确获取主题可以巧妙推断作者的写作目的, 从而成功解答写作意图判断题。
1.由首节获取文章主题推断写作意图
首节尤其首句和末句往往是作者最想和读者交流的内容, 是全文话题的所在和主旨大意的体现, 因此认真阅读仔细分析首节尤其首句与末句可以推断文章主题, 从而顺利解答写作意图的判断题。
例1:原文:Getting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people, is a good thing. However, there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt. (2011年重庆卷阅读理解C篇首节)
试题:What is the author's purpose in writing the passage? (67题)
A. To stress the role of dirt.
B. To introduce the history of dirt.
C. To call attention to the danger of dirt.
D. To present the change of views on dirt.
解析:D 认真阅读分析第一节可以推断本文会着重介绍关于脏物的褒义性观点, 而这是一个变化的观点, 由此可以推出作者的写作意图是呈现人们对于脏物的观点的变化。
例2:原文:In a world with limited land, water and other natural resources (资源) , the harm from the traditional business model is on the rise. Actually, the past decades has seen more and more forests disappearing and globe becoming increasingly warm. People now realize that this unhealthy situation must be changed, and that we must be able to develop in sustainable (可持续的) ways. That means growth with low carbon or development of sustainable products. (2011年广东卷阅读理解D篇首节)
试题:What is the main purpose of the passage? (45题)
A. To introduce a new business model.
B. To compare two business models.
C. To predict a change of the global market.
D. To advocate sustainable development.
解析:D 认真阅读分析原文第一节不难发现画线部分的内容体现主题, 由此不难推出作者的写作意图是提倡可持续发展。
2.由段落主题或大意获取文章主题推断写作意图
众所周知, 文章由段落构成, 每一个段落都是作者写作内容的一部分, 因此段落主题或大意的综合往往体现作者的写作目的。
例:原文:The Winners Club is a bank account specially designed for teenagers. It has been made to help you better manage your money. The Winners Club is a transaction Account (交易账户) where you receive a key-card so you can get to your money 24/7—that's 24 hours a day, 7 days a week! (2011年江西卷阅读理解B篇首节)
●No account keeping fees!
●Excellent interest rates!
●Convenient
●Mega magazine included
(2011年江西卷阅读理解B篇四个段落标题)
试题:What is the purpose of this text? (65题)
A. To set up a club.
B. To provide part-time jobs.
C. To organize key-cards.
D. To introduce a new banking service.
解析:D 由文章第一节和四个段落主题可以看出本文从四个角度介绍了一个新的银行服务项目, 这就是作者的写作意图。
3.由全文内容获取文章主题推断写作意图
一些作者意图判断题由首节无法获取文章主题, 也没有现成的段落主题或大意句可以利用, 需要考生通读全文, 借助文章情节的推进、作者观点的流露和主人公处境的改变合理推断作者的写作意图。
例:原文:
My father was 44 and knew he wasn't going to make it to 45. He wrote me a letter and hoped that something in it would help me for the rest of my life.
Since the day I was 12 and first read his letter, some of his words have lived in my heart. One part always stands out.“Right now, you are pretending to be a time killer. But I know that one day, you will do something great that will set you among the very best.” Knowing that my dad believed in me gave me permission to believe in myself. “You will do something great.” He didn't know what that would be, and neither did I, but at times in my life when I've felt proud of myself, I remember his words and wish he were here so I could ask, “Is this what you were talking about, Dad? Should I keep going?”
A long way from 12 now, I realize he would have been proud when I made any progress. Lately, though, I've come to believe he'd want me to move on to what comes next: to be proud of, and believe in, somebody else. It's time to start writing my own letters to my children. Our children look to us with the same unanswered question we had. Our kids don't hold back because they're afraid to fail. They're only afraid of failing us. They don't worry about being disappointed. Their fear—as mine was until my father's letter—is of being a disappointment.
Give your children permission to succeed. They're waiting for you to believe in them. I always knew my parents loved me. But trust me: That belief will be more complete, that love will be more real, and their belief in themselves will be greater if you write the words on their hearts: “Don't worry; you'll do something great.” Not having that blessing from their parents may be the only thing holding them back. (2010年安徽卷阅读理解D篇)
试题:The main purpose of the text is to . (71题)
A. describe children's thinking
B. answer some questions children have
C. stress the importance of communication
D. advise parents to encourage their children
解析:D 认真阅读分析原文可以发现:第一节主要介绍父亲写的鼓励信让作者自信起来;第二节主要介绍作者决心把信任的信写给子女, 让他们也自信起来;第三节主要介绍作者呼吁读者把信任的信写在孩子们的心上。由此不难推断作者的写作意图是劝父母鼓励子女。
【易错处提醒】判断新产品介绍文与广告的写作目的时考生常常出错, 将广告的写作目的选为“To introduce…”, 将介绍文的写作目的选为“To increase the sale of…”, 造成失分。的确, 新产品介绍文常有黑字体背景信息, 与广告容易混淆。考生首先应明确广告主要介绍产品或服务的性质、出售或服务的时间、出售或服务的地点、出售或服务的联系方式, 而新产品介绍文不以介绍出卖产品或服务的背景信息为主要内容。其次, 考生应明确广告的写作目的是促销, 而新产品介绍文的写作目的是提供知识。
五、篇章结构判断题
篇章结构判断题既可考查对各节叙述特点的判断 (如总述——分述——总述;以时间推移为线索;以地点变换为线索;以列举并列内容为线索;以对比角度为线索) , 又可考查对各节功能特点的判断 (如论点、论证、结论) , 还可考查对各节逻辑特点的判断 (如时间、地点、目的、结果、原因、转折、递进、并列) 。解题时应认真分析各节内容与文章主旨之间的关系, 分析各节通过什么手段服务主旨, 相互之间是什么关系, 从而对文章的篇章结构进行准确判断。
例:原文:Unlike Confucius, Socrates was not asked by rulers how to govern effectively. Thus, Socrates was able to be more idealistic, focusing on issues like freedom, and knowledge for its own sake. Confucius, on the other hand, advised those in government service, and many of his students went on to government service. (2010年江西卷阅读理解C篇第二节后部分)
Confucius suggested the Golden Rule as a principle for the conduct of life: “Do not do to others what you would not want others to do to you.” He assumed that all men were equal at birth, though some had more potential than others, and that it was knowledge that set men apart. Socrates focused on the individual, and thought that the greatest purpose of man was to seek wisdom. He believed that some had more potential to develop their reason than others did. Like Confucius, he believed that the superior class should rule the inferior (下层的) classes. (2010年江西卷阅读理解C篇第三节)
For Socrates, the family was of no importance, and the community of little concern. For Confucius, however, the family was the centre of society, with family relations considered much more important than political relations. (2010年江西卷阅读理解C篇第四节)
试题:This passage is organized in the pattern of . (67题)
A. time and events
B. comparison and contrast
C. cause and effect
D. definition and classification
解析:B 认真阅读分析原文不难发现, 其主要内容 (二、三、四节) 以对比的方式轮换介绍孔子和苏格拉底的见解, 由此不难推出文章以对比的方式进行篇章的组织。
【易错处提醒】当篇章结构判断题为图示题时考生的失分主要在于只看示图而不分析各节内容在总述和分述上的体现情况。因此考生应先分析各节是总述还是分述再选择相配的示图。判断文章总体叙述特点时考生丢分原因在于不会分析全文服务于主题的手段是举例证明、对比证明还是因果分析。解决问题的关键在于认真阅读分析原文, 揭示出文章主题, 然后分析为证明主题作者采用了什么论证手段, 从而正确解答试题。
六、主旨大意判断题
主旨大意判断题要求考生认真阅读分析原文, 根据其内容正确判断文章主旨大意, 它可通过下列途径加以解答:
1.寻找主题确定文章大意
因为主题是文章主旨大意的充分体现, 所以寻找主题可以快速准确地确定文章大意。
例1:原文:Thousands of people living in the Chinese capital will celebrate the start of the Chinese New Year by heading for the ski resorts (滑雪场) . Never mind that Beijing's dry weather seldom produces snow. It is cold enough in winter for snow-making machines to make a covering for the hills north to the capital. And the rapid growth of a pleasure-seeking middle class has formed the basis for this new craze (热潮) . (2010年全国卷II阅读理解C篇首节)
试题:What does this text mainly talk about? (50题)
A. Convenience for skiers brought about by private cars.
B. Skiing as a new way of enjoying one's spare time.
C. Things to be considered when starting a ski resort.
D. A sudden increase of ski training classes in Beijing.
解析:B 首节首句为全文主题。本文主要介绍了刚刚掀起的滑雪热潮。
例2:原文:When students and parents are asked to rate subjects according to their importance, the arts are unavoidably at the bottom of the list. Music is nice, people seem to say, but not important. Too often it is viewed as mere entertainment, but certainly not an education priority (优先) . This view is shortsighted. In fact, music education is beneficial and important for all students. (2009年北京卷阅读理解D篇首节)
试题:What is the main idea of the passage? (71题)
A. Music education deserves more attention.
B. Music should be of top education priority.
C. Music is an effective communication tool.
D. Music education makes students more imaginative.
解析:A 认真阅读仔细分析不难发现, 文章首先介绍人们对艺术和音乐不看重的错误做法, 然后在首节末句提出正确的观点:音乐教育很有益很重要。可见全文主要介绍音乐教育值得更多地关注。
例3:原文:The “Mommy and Me” time allows us to be simply alone and away with each child—talking, sharing, and laughing, which has been the biggest gain. Every child deserves to be an only child at least once in a while. (2007年全国卷I 阅读理解C篇末节)
试题:What is the text mainly about? (64题)
A. The experience of the only child being with mother.
B. The advantage of spending time with one child at a time.
C. The happy life of two families.
D. The basic needs of children.
解析:B 认真阅读仔细分析可以看出, 末节是全文内容的概括与总结。第一句介绍“Mommy and Me” time的益处, 第二句介绍每个小孩都应该得到单独和母亲在一起的机会。可见全文主要介绍单独和小孩在一起的好处。
2.概括段落大意总结文章大意
众所周知, 主旨大意始终引导与制约着文意的发展方向, 所以阅读材料的每一节内容都围绕并服务于主旨大意。可见借助文章每一节的大意可以总结概括全文大意, 从而顺利解答主旨大意判断题。
例:原文:The best way to defeat a passive self-image is to step back and decide to stress your successes. (2008年广东卷阅读理解B篇第三节首句)
It very well might be that you are experiencing a negative self-image because you can't move past one flaw or weakness that you see about yourself. Well, roll up your sleeves and make a change of it as your primary task. (2008年广东卷阅读理解B篇第四节一、二两句)
The best way to get rid of a negative self-image is to realize that your image is far from objective, and to actively convince yourself of your positive qualities. (2008年广东卷阅读理解B篇第五节首句)
试题:What is the passage mainly about? (49题)
A. How to prepare for your success.
B. How to face challenges in your life.
C. How to build a positive self-image.
D. How to develop your good qualities.
解析:C 认真阅读仔细分析可以发现, 以上三处引用文字均为各段大意, 均介绍了战胜否定自我形象的方法。由此不难总结概括出文章大意。
3.利用文章主线和关键信息提炼文章大意
实践表明, 不是每篇阅读材料都有明确的主题句, 也不是所有段落都有明确的段落主题句。显然, 无法找到现成主题句或无法由段落大意总结概括出主旨大意时只能利用文章主线和关键信息提炼文章大意。
例:原文:On one side stand those who see clothes dryers (干衣机) as a waste of energy and a major polluter of the environment. As a result, they are turning to clotheslines as part of the “what-I-can-do environmentalism (环境保护主义) .” (2008年浙江卷阅读理解E篇第二节)
On the other side are people who are against drying clothes outside, arguing that clotheslines are unpleasant to look at. (2008年浙江卷阅读理解E篇第三节首句)
试题:What is mainly discussed in the text? (60题)
A. Clothesline drying: a way to save energy and money.
B. Clothesline drying: a lost art rediscovered.
C. Opposite opinions on clothesline drying.
D. Different varieties of clotheslines.
解析:C 认真阅读仔细分析可以发现, 以上两处引用文字是文章的主要信息, 介绍对在晒衣绳上晒衣服正反两种不同的观点, 由此不难提炼出文章主旨。
【易错处提醒】当试题需要考生提炼文章大意时考生失分较多, 主要原因是考生不会抽象概括文章大意。解决问题的关键在于认真阅读分析原文, 弄清作者在介绍什么, 用什么手段介绍, 其贯穿文章始终的主线是什么, 有什么关键信息可以证明这是文章主线, 从而正确解答试题。
巩固性练习:
(一)
Long ago, there was a huge apple tree. A little boy loved to come and play around it every day. He climbed to the tree top, ate the apples, took a nap under the shadow…he loved the tree and the tree loved to play with him.
Time went by…the little boy had grown up and he no longer played around the tree every day.
One day, the boy came back to the tree and he looked. “Come and play with me , ” the tree asked the boy. “I am no longer a kid, I don't play around trees anymore.” The boy replied, “I want toys. I need money to buy them.”
“Sorry, I don't have money…but you can pick all my apples and sell them. So, you will have money.” The boy was so excited. He grabbed all the apples on the tree and left happily.He never came back after picking the apples. The tree was sad.
One day, the boy returned and the tree was so excited. “Come and play with me, ” the tree said.
“I don't have time to play. I have to work for my family. We need a house for shelter. Can you help me?” “Sorry, I don't have a house, but you can chop off my branches to build your house.” So the boy cut all the branches of the tree and left happily.
The tree was glad to see him happy but the boy never came back since then. The tree was again lonely and sad.
One hot summer day, the boy returned and the tree was delighted. “Come and play with me, ” the tree said.
“I am sad and getting old. I want to go sailing to relax myself. Can you give me a boat?” “Use my trunk to build your boat. You can sail faraway and be happy.”
So the boy cut the tree trunk to make a boat. He went sailing and never showed up for a long time. Finally, he returned.
“Sorry, my boy. But I don't have anything for you anymore. No more apples for you…” the tree said. “I don't have teeth to bite, ” the boy replied.
“No more trunk for you to climb on.” “I am too old for that now.” the boy said.
“I really want to give you something…the only thing left is my dying roots, ” the tree said with tears. “I don't need much now, just a place to rest. I am tired after all these years, ” the boy replied.
“Good! Old tree roots are the best place to lean on and rest. Come, come, sit down with me and rest, ” the boy sat down and the tree was glad and smiled with tears…
1. What does the first paragraph mainly tell us?
A. The friendship between the boy and the apple tree.
B. The importance of the apple tree to the boy.
C.The pleasant time the boy spent on the apple tree.
D. The good taste of the apples.
2. What did the tree give the boy?
A. Apples. B. Branches.
C. Trunk. D. Everything it had.
3. What did the tree want most?
A. The boy's returning to see it.
B. The boy's house.
C.The boy's boat.
D. The boy's money.
4. What does the word “that” mean in the twelfth paragraph?
A.eating the apples
B. climbing on the trunk
C. chopping off the branches
D. cutting down the trunk
5. What is the best title of the passage?
A. A boy and his apple tree
B. A greedy boy
C. A generous tree
D. The story of an apple tree
(二)
Baltimore sends parents to jail for truant kids
About a dozen parents have been sentenced for their children's truancy (逃学) this year and some have gone for jail for the crime, the Baltimore Sun's Erica Green reports.
Green simply introduces Barbara Gaskins, who spent 10 days in jail after her 15-year-old son missed the majority of school days this year. She says she dropped him off at the bus stop each morning and taught him the importance of education. She was worried about finding childcare for her four young children while serving the time.
“We're dealing with less than 1 percent of students and parents, and certainly this is one of the toughest decisions we have, ” Jonathan Brice, who manages the school district's truancy office, told Green. “But it's important that we get those parents' and young people's attention about the seriousness of being in school.” Education experts, however, were less confident that cracking down on parents would lift attendance.
The school system's court liaison (联络员) Alfred Barbour told the paper that no parents served jail time last year—and that only three did in 2009. Hundreds of them are cited (传讯) each year for truancy however, and charges are put forward after a student misses 15 days. For parents to be convicted (证明有罪) , the school has to prove they knew their child wasn't attending school.
Criminalizing parental laziness has had something of a nationwide movement lately. California's new strict anti-truancy bill (议案) took effect at the beginning of this year. Parents can serve up to a year in jail if convicted of allowing their children to skip class. Florida and Texas already have similar laws on the books. And one Michigan prosecutor (检察官) wants a law passed to send parents who miss parent-teacher conferences to jail for three days.
1. Green may be .
A. an official B. a newspaper
C. a magazine D. a press
2. In Baltimore, the local government punishes parents for truant kids to .
A. show the power of the government
B. show the seriousness of laws
C. emphasize the importance of going to school
D. let parents and kids know the seriousness of going to school
3. How many parents went to prison in 2010
A. Three. B. Twelve
C. One. D. None.
4. If a kid plays truant for , the parents will be charged if they know it.
A. 10 days a year B. 12 days a year
C. 15 days a year D. 3 days a year
5. What does the phrase “cracking down on” mean in the third paragraph?
A. warning B. punishing
C. praising D. frightening
(三)
Chilean Education Minister Joaquín Lavín joined Chileans nationwide in rejecting the use of advertisements and product placements in school textbooks.
Lavín's response follows a nationwide argument after a story run on the state-approved textbooks featuring for fruit juices, banks, and cell phone companies, among others.
The ads were included within sections of the books where students were taught about advertisement and advertising. However, experts have pointed out that exposing children to advertising can have very strong effects on consumer choices later on. Lavín suggested textbook writers include fake (假的) brand names and advertisements to achieve desired goals.
“Any text that makes a reference to advertisements should not mention specific brands, ” reads the letter that Lavín sent to the education ministry's curriculum (课程) and evaluation unit. According to Loreto Fontaine, national coordinator (协调人) of the unit, Lavín's request would take effect beginning next year.
Despite his reaction, Lavín noted that he was surprised by how quickly the story became a scandal (丑闻) . “They are the same books that have existed since 2002, ” said Lavín. “Chilean children are always exposed to television ads and street posters. Maybe part of their education is teaching them how to defend themselves from this constant bombardment (轰炸) .”
Mariana Aylwin, who served as education minister in 2002, said that she was not aware of the advertisements during her administration, and that the topic was not present when her office evaluated the content of textbooks.
However, Aylwin agreed with Lavín on the incorporation (参与) of fake ads. “It is obvious that they should use imitations and not actual brands, ” she said.
1. Why advertisements can't appear in Chilean school textbooks any more?
A. Because exposing children to advertising will affect future consumer choices.
B.Because the advertisements in Chile are always false.
C. Because Chilean children especially hate advertisements.
D. Because such textbooks are more expensive.
2. School textbooks can't mention in Chile.
A. any advertisement
B. any imitation
C. the word of advertisement
D. real brands
3. According to the passage, advertisements have existed in Chilean school textbooks for years.
A. 5 B. 7
C. 9 D. 11
4. What does the word“they” refer to in the seventh paragraph?
A. government officials
B. the officials of the education ministry
C. textbook writers
D. advertisers
5. What does the passage mainly tell us?
A. Advertisements can't appear in Chilean textbooks any more.
B. Chilean children can't read textbooks with advertisements.
C. Advertisements are not allowed to appear in Chile.
D. Advertisements appear anywhere in Chile.
(四)
Italians have reacted with fury to an attempt by Croatia to claim the legendary (传奇的) explorer Marco Polo was one of their own.
The outcry (抗议) came after a museum in memory of the Venetian explorer in the Chinese city of Yangzhou was opened not by Italian high officials but by a former president of Croatia, Stjepan Mesic.
The exact date and place of Marco Polo's birth are unknown but most scholars believe he came from Venice. It has been argued by some historians, however, that he was born on the island of Korcula on the Adriatic coast, in what is today Croatia.
According to this theory, his father was a merchant from Dalmatia named Maffeo Pilic, who Italianised his surname to Polo when he established himself in Venice.
The museum was built in Yangzhou because Marco Polo was an official there from 1282 to 1284. Inaugurating (为……举行落成仪式) the museum this month, Mr Mesic described Marco Polo as a “world explorer, born in Croatia, who opened up China to Europe”.
Italy's leading newspaper, Corriere della Sera, described the Croatian claim to Marco Polo as “ridiculous (荒谬的) ” and a “provocation (挑衅) ”.
“Attributing Croatian nationality to Marco Polo or anyone else born on the island at that time, just because it is now part of Croatia, is stretching historical facts too far, ” the paper said.
It pointed out that Garibaldi, the hero of the Risorgimento (复兴) movement to unite Italy in the 19th century, was born in Nice but was never described as French.
The paper criticized Italian diplomats (外交官) in China for allowing “someone as famous among the Chinese as (Marco Polo) to slip through their fingers, to the possible detriment (损害) of friendly relations, commerce and tourism”.
1. What does the underlined word “fury” mean in the first paragraph?
A. excitement B. happiness
C. anger D. pride
2. In the opinion of Mr. Mesic, Marco Polo was .
A. an Italian
B. a Croatian
C. a Chinese
D. a person without nationality
3. The Italian leading newspaper, Corriere della Sera used the example of Garibaldi to show .
A. Marco Polo was really an Italian
B. Mr.Mesic's theory was ridiculous
C. Garibaldi was really an Italian
D. The French don't think highly of Garibaldi
4. According to Corriere della Sera, Italian diplomats' passing by Marco Polo may affect friendly relations, commerce and tourism between China and Italy because .
A. Marco Polo is very famous
B. Marco Polo was really an Italian
C. Marco Polo was not a Croatian
D. Marco Polo is popular in China
5. What does“It” refer to in the eighth paragraph?
A. Croatian nationality
B. The Island
C. Part of Croatia
D. Corriere della Sera
(五)
If the environmental movement has a high holiday, Earth Day is it.
The yearly effort to raise public awareness about the environment and inspire actions to clean it up marks its 41st anniversary (周年纪念) on Friday, coinciding (与……巧合) with the Christian Good Friday and Judaism's celebration of Passover (逾越节) .
In an effort named “A Billion Acts of Green, ” organizers are encouraging people to observe Earth Day 2011 by promising online at http://act.earthday.org/to do something small but sustainable (可持续的) in their own lives to improve the planet's health. They believe millions of people doing small, individual acts can add up to real change.
There will be hundreds of meetings, workshops and other events around the United States, where Earth Day was born, and hundreds more overseas, where it is now celebrated in 192 countries.
In the United States the activities range from the premiere (初次演出) of the new film from the director of “Who Killed the Electric Car?” (it's called “Revenge 〈报仇〉 of the Electric Car”) at the Tribeca Film Festival in New York to a discussion about creating a green economy in 12 cities along the Gulf Coast.
In the years since the first Earth Day was celebrated in 1970 the environmentalist movement made greatprogress with passage of the Clean Air Act, Clean Water Act, the Endangered Species Act and other laws.
But the bipartisanship (两党关系) that marked the birth of Earth Day — it was started in Congress by a Wisconsin Democrat (民主党党员) named Gaylord Nelson and a California Republican (共和党党员) named Pete McCloskey — is often missing in discussions about environmental policy today.
Efforts to fight climate change by regulating (调节) greenhouse gases, for instance, face fierce resistance from many Republicans and members of the business community, who oppose the science supporting global warming and warn new rules to regulate emissions (散发) will kill jobs and raise energy costs.
1. How many festivals fell on Friday?
A. Two. B. Three.
C. Four. D. Five.
2. How will people observe Earth Day 2011 according to the organizers' demand?
A. By promising online to do something for environment.
B. By getting together.
C. By holding meetings.
D. By seeing films.
3.What does the underlined word “They” refer to in the third paragraph?
A. Organizers.
B. People.
C. Americans.
D. People in 192 countries.
4. What do the last two paragraphs mainly tell us?
A. The difficulty of the development of the environmentalist movement.
B. The problems between Democrats and Republicans.
C. The challenges from Republicans and members of the business community.
D. The reduction of jobs caused by new rules to regulate emissions.
5. What is the main idea of the passage?
A.The environmentalist movement has made great progress.
B. Earth Day 2011 is coming.
C. How Earth Day 2011 will be observed.
D.Earth Day organizers call for “a billion acts of green”.
(六)
Tokyo intends to bid for the 2020 Summer Olympics as a “big catalyst (催化剂) ” for Japan's recovery from the quake-tsunami disaster.
Shintaro Ishihara was set to win a fourth term as Tokyo governor in local elections across the country which focused on ways to revive (使复兴) Japan after a 9.0-magnitude quake and monster tsunami ravaged (蹂躏) its Pacific coast.
“Although they are nine years from now, we can start raising our hand now, ” he said. “If we work hard with hopes for nine years ahead, it will be a big catalyst for our country's reconstruction and revival.”
In late 2009, Tokyo lost out to Rio de Janeiro in the race for the 2016 Summer Olympics after spending some 15 billion yen (￡107 million) on the bid to stage what it called compact (严密的) and eco-friendly games.
“There seems to be some tendency within the International Olympic Committee to help Japan, at any rate nine years later when it is expected to have been revived, ” Ishihara said.
The failed bid was one of two major failures that appeared in his 12 years at the helm (领导) of one of the world's biggest cities. The other was heavy investment in a city-run bank that he helped create but which has fallen deeply into the red (赤字) .
Candidates for 2020 must present their bids to the IOC by September 1 this year. The host city will be chosen in Buenos Aires in September 2013.
Berlin, Busan, Cape Town, Doha, Rome and Istanbul are among cities which have signalled their interest in bidding to host the 2020 event in recent years.
1.What does the word “they” refer to in the third paragraph?
A. the 2020 Summer Olympic Games
B. Japan's reconstruction and revival
C.a 9.0-magnitude quake and monster tsunami
D. hopes
2. Ishihara is Japan's recovery from the quake-tsunami disaster.
A. confident of B. curious about
C. doubtful about D. particular about
3. Which city will host the 2016 Summer Olympic Games?
A.Tokyo B. Rio de Janeiro
C. Buenos Aires D. Berlin
4. From the fifth paragraph we can see the IOC .
A. always tries to help Japan
B. always shows favor to Japan
C. takes pity on Japanese
D. will let Tokyo host the 2020 Summer Olympic Games.
5. What is the best title of the passage?
A. Tokyo is trying to save Japan
B. Japan is returning to normal
C. Tokyo is trying to bid for Olympics
D.Tokyo wants to bid for Olympics in wake of earthquake
(七)
For the second half of March, an epidemic sweeps across the US. It keeps kids home from school. College students ignore piles of homework. Employees suddenly lose their ability to concentrate.
The disease, known as “March Madness”, refers to the annual US men's college basketball tournament (联赛) . It begins on March 15 and lasts through the beginning of April. More than 60 teams compete against each other in a lose-and-you're-out tournament that eventually crowns (加冕) a national champion. Nearly 20 million Americans will find themselves prisoners of basketball festival madness.
The competition's high viewer numbers mean that a lot of money can be made out of it. Schools that make it to the tournament get on TV, which can bring them more fame and admissions applications. Advertisers and TV broadcasters also cash in on the games.
The “madness”, however, is not just about the money. College basketball players are not paid. It is college pride that is being defended. And in some people's minds, that is worth more than anything else in the world. Most Americans feel a strong connection with their schools, whether it's an Ivy League university or a less well-known college. So when your university joins this tournament, that's worth celebrating.
But perhaps an even greater part of the tournament is its uncertainty, knowing that anything could happen. The fun comes from guessing the winners for every game. Friends compete against friends. Husbands against wives. Colleagues against bosses. A big school can lose to a small one. And players with no chance at the NBA can try to make their name on a last-second shot.
In fact, the tournament's lasting appeal (吸引力) may just be the country's love of underdogs (弱者) . Americans love it when the little person can find success, and there may be no greater stage for this in American sports than college basketball's “March Madness”.
1. What does the underlined word mean in the first paragraph?
A. a disease that spreads from person to person
B. a sport that is played from country to country
C. a TV program that is popular all over the world
D. a prisoner that often runs away from prison
2. The writer wrote the first paragraph to .
A. introduce the topic
B. remind the readers of the epidemic
C. warn the readers to be careful of the epidemic
D. tell the readers to pay attention to the epidemic
3. How many appeals does the US men's college basketball tournament have?
A. Two. B. Three.
C. Four. D. Five.
4. What is the best title of the passage?
A. March Madness
B. College pride
C. Basketball economy
D. Basketball uncertainty
5. How is the passage mainly developed?
A. By giving examples.
B. By giving reasons.
C. By comparing.
D. By giving results.
(八)
More than half of rich Americans have not revealed their full wealth to their children, a new survey showed Tuesday.
Taking the pulse nationwide of the rich with $3 million or more in wealth a survey by US Trust released by Bank of America found that “surprisingly few of those surveyed have well-developed plans to preserve and pass on their wealth to either their children or charity.”
Many of the 457 people surveyed are Baby Boomers (婴儿潮一代) and are self-made, first-generation rich and have “a unique generational mindset (思维方式) .”
Fifty-two percent of parents surveyed have not fully disclosed their wealth to their children, and 15 percent have disclosed nothing about the family wealth.
One in three parents said they had never thought to do it, while 24 percent said they feared their children would become lazy.
Twenty percent said they would make poor decisions or spend their money without a plan, and 13 percent worried other people would take advantage of their children.
Only 34 percent strongly agreed that their children will be able to handle any inheritance (遗赠) they plan to leave them.
“There is an expectation about the wealth that they have a responsibility to pass down their fortune to the next generation, and this understanding has shaped expectations about the coming wave of intergenerational wealth transfer (转让) , ” said Sallie Krawcheck, president of Bank of America Global Wealth and Investment (投资) Management.
“Our research, however, uncovered a unique generational mindset that reflects changing views about what retirement means and a new sense of what one generation owes the next.”
1. What does the underlined word “revealed” in the first paragraph mean?
A. delivered B. transferred
C. disclosed D. sent
2. How many parents surveyed completely approve of their children's handling any of their inheritance?
A. About a quarter. B. About one third.
C. About half. D. About two-thirds.
3. How many reasons does the passage tell us for many rich parents' being not willing to tell their wealth to their children?
A. Two. B. Three.
C. Four. D. Five.
4. That may cause more rich parents to transfer their wealth to their children.
A. rich parents should pass down their wealth to their children
B. rich parents are getting older
C. their children are growing up
D. parents should show concern to their children
5. What is the best title of the passage?
A. Half of rich Americans hide wealth from their children
B. Most rich parents don't like their children
C. Most rich parents' children won't get any money from them
D. Most rich parents' children can't become rich forever.
(九)
Girls' behaviour at school is getting worse and worse due to the appeal of Wag lifestyles and reality TV shows, according to teachers.
They are giving up on studying because they want an “easy route to money” by becoming a footballer's wife or an instant star on Britain's Got Talent or The X Factor.
Many want to become a mini-celebrity (小名人) instantly so they try to attract attention from boys by disrupting classes, spreading rumours (谣言) and even cyber-bullying (网络欺凌) .
As a result, teachers' time is increasingly taken up dealing with “horsing around (胡闹) ”, use of mobile phones in lessons and bullying.
The Association of Teachers and Lecturers surveyed 859 teachers, heads, lecturers and support staff working in state and independent schools ahead of its annual conference, which begins in Liverpool today.
Nearly half said girls' behaviour has worsened over the past two years. And one in five believes that girls' behaviour is more challenging than that of boys.
Hank Roberts, ATL's junior vice (副) president, referred to the influence of Wags—young women who obtain instant wealth by marrying sportsmen.
And he insisted that teaching is made more difficult by programmes such as The X Factor, which is judged by Cheryl Cole— herself the winner of a TV talent show and a former footballer's wife.
Mr Roberts, a teacher at Copland Community School in Wembley, said that the TV shows create a “false image of success, that anyone can do it and it's just a matter of luck rather than hard work”.
Other reasons given for girls' bad behaviour are quarels with friends and family and problems associated with puberty (青春期) . Almost half of teachers said the most common form of bad behaviour is bullying by isolating (孤立) another pupil, spreading rumours and making “snide (讽刺的) looks across the classroom”.
1. Which of the following is not the shortcut to money for the British girls who give up studying?
A. To marry a footballer.
B. To be an instant star on Britain's Got Talent.
C. To be an instant star on The X Factor.
D. To be a sports star.
2. How many ways do the girls who give up studying use to attract attention from boys?
A. Two. B. Three.
C. Four. D. Five.
3. Which of the following roles does not belong to Cheryl Cole?
A. The judge of The X Factor.
B. The winner of a TV talent show.
C. The wife of a former footballer.
D. A teacher.
4. What does the underlined word“disrupting” mean in the third paragraph?
A. disturbing B. attending
C. entering D. improving
5. What is the best title of the passage?
A.Wags and X Factor cause British girls' bad behavior
B. British girls want to earn more money
C. British girls try to attract boys
D. British girls want to compete in sports
(十)
London taxis, with their friendly drivers who actually know where they are going, are ranked best in the world, according to an annual taxi survey.
The survey by travel website hotels.com found London taxis, despite being the most expensive, beat rivals (对手) across the globe to head the list for the third consecutive (连续的) years, scoring a total of 59 percent in votes on several categories (种类) by travelers.
London taxi drivers were voted both friendliest and most knowledgeable. Drivers in the English capital must pass a rigorous examination called The Knowledge to earn their taxi license.
New York's yellow taxis came second in the list, scoring 27 percent which was up 10 percentage points from last year even though Manhattan's taxi drivers tied (打成平局) with Parisian taxi drivers as the rudest.
Travelers said New York had the most convenient taxis.
Taxi drivers in Rome were voted the worst drivers in the world with almost one in 10 travelers thinking the Italian capital had the world's worst taxi drivers when it came to the quality of driving.
“Traveling by taxi is one of the first experiences that many travellers have upon arrival in a new city. In fact, the research found that taxis are by far the most popular method of traveling from the airport to their hotel, ” a spokesman for hotels.com said in a statement.
The global survey scored city based taxis for their levels of cleanliness, value, quality of driving, knowledge of the area, friendliness, safety and convenience.
Rounding out the top five were Tokyo with a total score of 26 percent, Berlin with 17 percent, and Bangkok famed for its tuk-tuks scoring 14 percent.
The survey for hotels.com, part of the Expedia group, was conducted among over 1, 900 travellers between May 11-28 this year.
1. Which of the following about London's taxi drivers is wrong?
A. They are the friendliest.
B. They are the most knowledgeable.
C. They charge the most money.
D. They drive fastest.
2. What does the underlined word “rigorous” mean in the third paragraph?
A. strict B. important
C. official D. lawful
3. The writer introduced the result of the study by .
A. interviewing city leaders
B. interviewing the taxi drivers
C. listing the ranks of cities concerned
D. reading forms concerned
4.Rome's taxi drivers are lack of .
A. good manners
B. driving skills
C. the sense of cleanliness
D. the sense of safety
5. What does the writer want to tell us?
A. The global big cities' taxis service is scored by a travel website.
B. The global taxi drivers have different driving skills.
C. The global taxi drivers should be trained strictly.
D. The global taxi drivers should be given an exam.
(十一)
From patriotic (爱国的) songs played on the underground to parties on the International Space Station, Russia proudly celebrated on Tuesday 50 years since rocketing Yuri Gagarin into the first human orbit.
In a video link with space, Russian President Dmitry Medvedev told astronauts aboard the orbital station that space exploration remained Russia's “priority (优先考虑的事) ”.
“In those 50 years, we completely can't imagine life without space, without your flights, ” Medvedev told all the members from Russia's Mission Control Centre, named after the legendary (传奇的) father of the Soviet space programme Sergei Korolyov.
“Space is our priority.”
Space station Commander Dmitry Kondratyev said his present six-person US, Russian and European crew (全体人员) would celebrate the holiday from the “front lines” in weightlessness.
“This flight stirred (震惊) the whole world and showed what man was able to do, ” said former Soviet astronaut Alexei Leonov, 76, who completed the first space walk in 1965.
“He invited us all into space, ” Leonov told at Kremlin hall filled with some of the world's most well-loved space pictures, referring to a praise from the first man on the moon, US astronaut Neil Armstrong, to Gagarin.
Since Gagarin's historical journey into the unknown 50 years ago, some 500 people have followed him into space.
“If Yuri Gagarin had not made this flight I would not have flown to the moon and we could not have made so much progress in space exploration, ” said US astronaut Thomas Stafford, commander on the first US lunar (月球的) landing in 1969.
1. The third paragraph mainly tells us .
A. the importance of the Soviet space exploration
B. the history of the Soviet space exploration
C.the crew of Russia's Mission Control Centre
D.the father of the Soviet space programme
2. The six astronauts on the International Space Station don't come from .
A.America B. Russia
C Europe D. China
3. What does the underlined word“He” refer to in the seventh paragraph?
A.Yuri Gagarin.
B. Dmitry Medvedev.
C. Sergei Korolyov.
D. Dmitry Kondratyev.
4. The first man to the moon comes from .
A.Russia B. American
C. England D. France
5.The writer wrote the passage to tell us .
A.Russia marks 50 years since Gagarin orbit
B.space exploration remains Russia's priority
C.six astronauts live on the International Space Station
D. Russian astronauts get together with American astronauts.
(十二)
President Barack Obama has complained about the loss of privacy that comes with being leader of the United States, regretting the loss of simple pleasures such as a long walk or a trip to the car wash or supermarket.
“I just miss—I miss being unknown, ” he said. “I miss Saturday morning, rolling out of bed, not shaving, getting into my car with my girls, driving to the supermarket, squeezing (捏) the fruit, getting my car washed, taking walks. I can't take a walk.”
His dream, he said, was to “go through Central Park and watch folks passing by … spend the day watching people—I miss that”.
Faced with criticism for playing more golf than most previous occupants of the White House, he explained that the sport was simply the best way of getting relaxed.
“It is the only excuse I have to get outside for four hours, ” he told Hearst magazines.
Though he said he enjoyed his life in the White House, he felt disillusioned (灰心) with the some of the ways of Washington, which he has failed to change, such as the “kabuki dance (日本歌舞) ” among political parties before serious policy discussions begin. His comments may be seen as an excuse by critics who have accused him of appearing too detached (漠然) , and being slow to engage in important issues such as Libya and the near shutdown of the US government last week.
Since arriving at the White House in January 2009, Mr. Obama has already racked up (打) 60 rounds of golf in office, more than George W Bush did in his eight years.
In terms of ability, Golf Digest (文摘) magazine has ranked Mr. Obama eighth out of the 18 presidents who played the game since it became established in the early 20th century.
1. What do the second paragraph and the third paragraph mainly tell us?
A. Obama wishes to enjoy simple pleasures.
B. Obama likes going shopping with his girls.
C. Obama likes to take a walk.
D. Obama likes to watch folks passing by.
2. According to Obama, he plays golf to .
A. avoid criticism
B. show his ability
C. get relaxed
D. show his advantage over the former presidents
3. What does the underlined word “It” refer to in the fifth paragraph?
A. Playing golf
B. Getting relaxed
C. Changing some ways of Washington
D. Watching people
4. According to the passage, Obama is kabuki dance.
A. curious about B. interested in
C. tired of D. content with
5. What is the best title of the passage?
A. Obama complains about lack of privacy as president
B. Obama can't live a normal life
C. Obama is often criticized
D. Obama likes to play golf
参考答案与解析:
(一)
【主旨大意】一个男孩和一棵苹果树建立了深厚的友谊。为报答男孩, 苹果树为男孩献出了一切。
1. A 推理判断题。由原文首节末句中的he loved the tree and the tree loved to play with him可以推出第一节主要介绍男孩和苹果树之间的友谊。
2. D 细节判断题。认真分析原文不难发现, 苹果树给了男孩苹果、树枝、树干和树根, 它把一切都献给了男孩。
3. A 推理判断题。认真阅读原文不难发现, 每次男孩来见苹果树都很兴奋, 而每次男孩走后苹果树都很悲哀、寂寞, 由此可以推出苹果树最需要的是男孩回来看它。
4. B 词义推断题。认真阅读分析原文第十二节两句话不难发现第一句为第二句的背景信息, 由此不难推断that指代爬树干。
5. A 标题判断题。阅读原文不难发现其主要介绍一棵苹果树出于友谊为男孩献出了一切, 因此以A boy and his apple tree为题准确贴切。
(二)
【主旨大意】美国巴尔的摩市颁布法律, 孩子逃学家长坐牢。
1. B 细节判断题。原文第四节首句中的the paper体现答案。
2. D 推理判断题。由原文第三节But it's important that we get those parents' and young people's attention about the seriousness of being in school.可以推出巴尔的摩惩罚子女逃学的家长是为了让家长和孩子都知道上学的严肃性。
3. D 推理判断题。由原文第四节no parents served jail time last year and that only three did in 2009可以推出2010年在巴尔的摩没有一个家长因子女逃学而入狱。
4. C 推理判断题。由原文第四节Hundreds of them are cited (传讯) each year for truancy however, and charges are put forward after a student misses 15 days.可以推出如果孩子一年逃学15天并且家长知道这一点, 他们就会被指控。
5. B 词义推断题。由常识可知, 孩子逃学家长坐牢是对父母的惩罚, 因此该词含义为punishing。
(三)
【主旨大意】因为对学生日后消费选择有误导, 智利学生课本中被植入的广告全面被禁。
1. A 推理判断题。由原文第三节However, experts have pointed out that exposing children to advertising can have very strong effects on consumer choices later on.可以推出智利之所以禁止在课本中使用广告是因为它们对学生今后的消费选择有影响。
2. D 细节判断题。原文第四节Any text that makes a reference to advertisements should not mention specific brands体现答案。
3. C 推理判断题。由原文第五节They are the same books that have existed since 2002可以推出广告在智利课本中已经出现了9年。
4. C 推理判断题。由原文第三节Lavín suggested textbook writers include fake (假的) brand names and advertisements to achieve desired goals.可以推出这里的they指代课本作者。
5. A 大意判断题。认真阅读分析原文不难发现其主要介绍因影响学生日后的消费选择, 广告将在智利课本中全面被禁。
(四)
【主旨大意】马可·波罗到底是哪国人?克罗地亚前总统梅西认为他是克罗地亚人, 激起了意大利人的强烈不满。
1. C 词义推断题。由原文第六节中的 “ridiculous (荒谬的) ” and a “provocation (挑衅) ”可以推出意大利人对克罗地亚前总统梅西的说辞非常不满, 因此该词意为anger。
2. B 推理判断题。由原文首节和第七节的内容可以推出克罗地亚前总统梅西认为马可·波罗是克罗地亚人。
3. B 推理判断题。由原文第七节可以推出意大利这家报纸举出19世纪意大利复苏运动领袖加里波第的例子是为了证明克罗地亚前总统梅西的观点很荒谬。
4. D 推理判断题。由原文第九节someone as famous among the Chinese as (Marco Polo) 可以推出意大利外交官忽视了马可·波罗会影响中国和意大利之间的友好关系、贸易和旅游业是因为马可·波罗在中国人气很旺。
5. D 词义推断题。认真阅读分析画线词所在句及前两节内容不难发现, It指代第七节中的the paper, 即第六节的Corriere della Sera。
(五)
【主旨大意】第42个世界地球日倡导绿色行为, “十亿个绿色行动”感动全世界。
1. B 推理判断题。由原文第二节可以推出星期五是三个节日的纪念日。
2. A 细节判断题。原文第三节第一句体现答案。
3. A 词义推断题。认真阅读分析该词所在句及前一句不难发现前一句为该词所在句背景信息, 由此不难推出They指代Organizers。
4. A 细节判断题。认真阅读原文最后两节不难发现其主要介绍环保运动所面临的来自各个方面的困难。
5. D 大意判断题。认真阅读原文不难发现其主要介绍环保组织在第42个世界地球日发起“十亿个绿色行动”的背景信息。
(六)
【主旨大意】东京拟申办2020年奥运会, 以带动灾后经济的复苏。
1. A 词义推断题。由首句中的Tokyo intends to bid for the 2020 Summer Olympics和该句中的nine years from now可以推出they应指2020年夏季奥运会。
2. A 推理判断题。由原文第三节东京市市长石原慎太郎的讲话内容可以推出他对日本灾后的恢复很有信心。
3. B 推理判断题。由原文第四节申请举办2016年夏季奥运会时东京输给里约热内卢的事实可以推出里约热内卢将举办2016年夏季奥运会。
4. C 推理判断题。由原文第五节内容可以推出国际奥委员同情日本人民的遭遇。
5. D 标题判断题。认真阅读分析原文不难发现其主要介绍日本准备申办2020年夏季奥运会以促进日本灾后恢复的背景信息, 因此以Tokyo wants to bid for Olympics in wake of earthquake为题准确贴切。
(七)
【主旨大意】美国大学篮球联赛十分火爆, 四大魅力使人们情有独钟。
1. A 词义判断题。由该词所在句中的sweeps across the US和下一句中的The disease可以推出画线词指一种传染病。
2. A 写作意图判断题。认真阅读分析原文不难发现, 第一节介绍一种传染病, 第二节介绍该传染病源自对大学篮球联赛的钟情, 从第三节起全文介绍美国大学篮球联赛的魅力, 可见作者写第一节的目的是为了引起话题。
3. C 归纳综合题。认真阅读原文第三节至第六节不难发现其主要介绍了美国大学篮球联赛在经济利益、大学自豪感、比赛结果的不确定和同情弱者四个角度的魅力。
4. A 标题判断题。阅读原文不难发现其主要介绍美国大学篮球联赛期间人们对比赛的痴迷, 因此以March Madness为题既具有高度的概括性, 又具有强烈的针对性, 而且还因句式短小精悍句意情感时尚而具有一定的醒目性。
5. B 篇章结构判断题。认真分析原文不难发现, 第一节和第二节介绍人们对美国大学篮球联赛的痴迷, 第三节至第六节介绍其原因, 由此不难推出答案。
(八)
【主旨大意】多数美国“富二代”不知父母是富翁, 原来父母有难言之隐。
1. C 词义判断题。由原文第四节的两个disclosed可以推出该词含义为“披露”。
2. B 推理判断题。由原文第七节中的34 percent可以推出只有大约三分之一的被调查父母完全赞同其子女任意处理他们的遗赠。
3. B 细节判断题。由原文第五节中的they feared their children would become lazy、第六节中的they would make poor decisions or spend their money without a plan和other people would take advantage of their children体现答案。
4. A 推理判断题。由原文第八节There is an expectation about the wealth that they have a responsibility to pass down their fortune to the next generation, and this understanding has shaped expectations about the coming wave of intergenerational wealth transfer (转让) 可以推出富有的父母应该把财富传给子女这一想法可能会导致未来的遗赠财产潮。
5. A 标题判断题。认真阅读分析原文不难发现, 本文主要介绍多数美国富人因种种原因不愿把财产告诉其子女, 因此以Half of rich Americans hide wealth from their children为题准确贴切。
(九)
【主旨大意】“太太团”、电视选秀使英国女生品行变糟。她们学习不努力, 一心想嫁给足球明星或做电视真人秀的明星。
1. D 细节判断题。原文第二节体现答案。
2. B 细节判断题。原文第三节体现答案。
3. D 细节判断题。原文第八节体现答案。
4. A 词义判断题。认真阅读分析画线词所在句不难发现这里描绘一部分女生想吸引男孩注意的不良表现, 由此不难推断该词含贬义色彩。
5. A 标题判断题。认真阅读分析原文不难发现其主要介绍“太太团”与电视选秀导致英国在校女生品行变糟的背景信息, 因此以Wags and X Factor cause British girls' bad behavior为题准确贴切。
(十)
【主旨大意】伦敦出租车服务全球最佳, 最近的一项调查显示了这一点。
1. D 细节判断题。原文第二节中的the most expensive表明C与原文内容相符;第三节中的both friendliest and most knowledge表明A、B与原文内容相符。
2. A 推理判断题。由第三节首句中的most knowledgeable可以推出该考试非常严格, 由此不难确定答案。
3. C 篇章结构判断题。认真阅读分析原文可以发现, 作者是通过罗列世界各大城市出租车服务排名情况来介绍调查结果的。
4. B 推理判断题。由原文第六节the Italian capital had the world's worst taxi drivers when it came to the quality of driving.可以推出罗马的出租汽车司机缺少驾驶技术。
5. A 写作意图判断题。阅读分析原文不难发现其自始至终介绍旅游网站hotels.com对世界各大城市出租车进行投票评比的背景信息, 由此不难推断出作者的写作意图。
(十一)
【主旨大意】俄罗斯庆祝载人航天飞行50周年, 总统说太空探索仍是全国优先考虑的事。
1. A 推理判断题。由原文第三节we completely can't imagine life without space, without your flights可以推出其主要介绍太空探索对俄国的重要性。
2. D 细节判断题。 原文第五节体现答案。
3. A 推理判断题。由原文第一节Russia proudly celebrated on Tuesday 50 years since rocketing Yuri Gagarin into the first human orbit.可以推出把后人领入太空的俄罗斯航天先驱为Yuri Gagarin, 由此不难推出He也指代Yuri Gagarin。
4. B 推理判断题。由原文第七节the first man on the moon, US astronaut Neil Armstrong可以推出第一个到过月球的人来自美国。
5. A 写作意图判断题。认真阅读分析原文不难发现其主要介绍俄罗斯庆祝载人航天飞行50周年的背景信息, 因此介绍俄罗斯庆祝载人航天飞行50周年就是作者的写作意图。
(十二)
【主旨大意】奥巴马抱怨做总统没隐私, 他坦承十分怀念平民生活。
1. A 推理判断题。原文第二节和第三节介绍了奥巴马想念普通人生活的背景信息, 由此不难推出答案。
2. C 细节判断题。原文第四节he explained that the sport was simply the best way of getting relaxed.体现答案。
3. A 推理判断题。由原文第四节和第五节可以推出It指奥巴马可以外出四小时的活动——打高尔夫球。
4. C 推理判断题。由原文第六节首句中的he felt disillusioned (灰心) with the some of the ways of Washington, which he has failed to change, such as the “kabuki dance (日本歌舞) ” among political parties before serious policy discussions begin.可以推出奥巴马对日本歌舞持否定态度。
5. A 标题判断题。认真阅读分析原文不难发现其主要介绍奥巴马抱怨做总统没有个人隐私的背景信息, 因此以Obama complains about lack of privacy as president为题准确贴切。
高考英语作文热点话题及 篇3
spare time(业余时间), interest(兴趣), hobby(爱好), appetite(嗜好), taste(口味), read novels(读小说), play football/basketball(踢足球/打篮球), surf the internet(上网), chat online(在线聊天), play games(玩游戏), collect stamps(集邮), make e-friends(交网友), enjoy popular music(喜欢流行音乐), be interested in(对……感兴趣), develop an interest in(在……方面发展兴趣), be fond of(喜欢……), be keen on(喜欢……), have love for(喜爱……), have a taste in(对……有兴趣) 等。
话题二：劳动与劳动观念
work(工作), be at work(在工作), work hard(努力工作), produce(生产), worker(工人), labor force(劳动力), voluntary labor(义务劳动)， serve the people(为人民服务)， heart and soul(全心全意)， physical labor(体力劳动), mental labor(脑力劳动), labor viewpoint(劳动观念), Labor Day(劳动节), workday(工作日), means of labor(劳动方式), honorable(光荣的), be devoted to(奉献于), value(价值), earn money(赚钱), personal interests(个人利益)等。
话题三：创建和谐社会
harmonious(和谐的), friendly(友好的), civilized(文明的), honest(真诚的), credible (诚信的), be public-spirited(有公德心的), balanced(平衡的), be in order(有序的), peaceful(和平的), live in harmony(生活和谐), sustainable development(可持续发展)等， help each other(互助), care for each other(互相关心), have deep love for (热爱), be concerned with (关心), build(创建), cherish(珍惜), take an active part in(积极参与), pay attention to social moral(讲究社会公德), protect the environment(保护环境), save energy(节省能源)等。
No pains, no gains. 不劳无获。…can be achieved by hard wok……可以通过劳动获得。It is difficult to find work in the present situation.在当前形势下，很难找到工作。It is honorable to………是光荣的。If everyone…for others and the society, our world will be…如果每个人为他人和社会做……， 我们这个世界将会……。Everyone should…and devotes himself to building our motherland into a strong country.每个人应该……，为把我们祖国建设成为一个强大的国家而奉献自己的力量。
话题四：招聘与求职
employ(雇佣), look for(寻找), take in(吸纳), full-time(全职的), part-time(兼职的), well-paid(薪水高的), be paid by the hour(按小时发工资), requirement(要求), résumé(个人履历), schooling(受教育情况), subjects(课程), working experience(工作经历), qualification(合格证明), transcript(成绩单), health(健康状况), present address(现在通讯地址)等， apply for(申请……), graduate from(毕业于), major in(以……为专业), degree(学位), scholarship(奖学金), good grades(良好的成绩), favorite(最喜欢的), be skilled in(在……方面熟练), be good at(擅长……), experienced(有经验的), confident(自信的), English and computer ability(英语和计算机能力), healthy(健康的)等。
话题五：中学生的健康问题
physical and mental condition(身体与精神状态), un/healthy(不健康/健康的), overweight/fat(肥胖的), thin(瘦的), near/short-sighted(近视的), mentally unhealthy(精神不健全的), normal(正常的), abnormal(不正常的), energetic(精力旺盛的), unhealthy eating habit(不健康的饮食习惯), eat much junk food (吃太多的垃圾食品)等，stay/keep healthy/fit(保持健康), build up ones body/improve ones health(强身健体), enough sleep(充足的睡眠), take regular exercise(进行有规律的运动), proper diet(合理的饮食), good living habits(良好的生活习惯), lose weight(减肥), remove heavy burdens(减轻负担), be good for/do good to(对……有益处), nutrition(营养), go on diet(节食), form a… eating habit(养成一个……的饮食习惯) breathe in as much fresh air（多呼吸新鲜空气）等。
话题六：环境保护
pollute（污染）， Waste is scattering here and there.（到处撒满了废弃物。），protect the environment(保护环境)， send out smoke and poisonous gases into the air（散发出烟和有毒气体）， cut down trees(砍伐树木)， pour waste water into the rivers（把废水注入河流）， It is a shame to throw rubbish around. （乱扔垃圾是可耻的）， form good habits to protect the surroundings（养成良好的习惯来保护环境）， take active measures to protect rare animals(采取积极措施保护稀有动物)， take good care of our forests（关心我们的森林）， plant more trees to improve the environment（多植树来改善环境）， The terrible pollution have done great harm to us as well as to the surroundings. (可怕的污染已经给我们自己还有我们的环境带来了很大的危害。)
话题七：校园文明与安全问题
school rules and regulations(学校规章制度), obey(遵守), observe(遵守), keep/observe discipline(遵守纪律), behave well(表现良好), be neatly dressed(穿戴整洁), respect ones teachers and parents(尊敬师长), be on time(准时), keep the environment clean(保持环境干净), civilized(文明的), break the rules(违反规章制度), spit(吐痰), throw rubbish everywhere(乱扔垃圾), cheat in the exam(考试作弊), get in line (插队), fight with sb.(与……打架), punish sb. for (因……处罚某人)等。The students are told not to break any of the rules of the school. 学校要求学生不要违反任何规章制度。The students are expected to…学校期望学生……。It must be made clear that the students should…必须明确的一点是，学生应该……。…is of no good to a friendly and harmonious society. ……对创建友好和谐的社会是毫无益处的。It is honorable to obey the principles and rules of our school.遵守学校的规章制度是光荣的。It is worthy of praise to………是值得表扬的。It is shameful to………是可耻的。What we should do is that… 我们应该做的事情是……
话题八：友谊
get to know sb.(认识某人), know sb. really well(熟知某人), make friends with sb.(和某人交朋友), a strong personality (一个很强的个性), personal matters(隐私), friendship(友谊), friendly(友好的),a close friend(一个亲密的朋友), trust each other (相互信任), precious(珍贵的), worthy(有价值的), understanding(通情达理的), share …with sb.(与……分享……), be loyal to(对……忠诚), keep in touch with sb. (与……保持联系), keep company with sb.(和……结交), stay best friends with sb.(和……保持很好的友谊)等。在描述此话题时常用的句型有：
１. Friends give us…朋友给予我们……。
２. A good friend is someone you can…
一位好朋友就是一个我们能够…的人。
３. The first time I met…, he was…
当我第一次遇到……的时候，他……。
４. Friendship plays an important part in…
友谊在……中扮演一个重要角色。
５. You can…to be a good friend.
你可以……来成为别人的好朋友。
６. We can turn to…when we feel down.
当我们心情糟糕时，可以求助于……
７. …makes a good friend. ……成就好朋友。
８. A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难见真知。
９. …is one of the things people value most in a friend.
……是人们在朋友身上最重视的东西。
１０. …have a friend of…years with sb.
高考英语话题作文热点预测 篇4
1. 减少外出;
2. 外出时佩戴口罩;
3. 勤洗手;
4. ……
注意：
1. 词数：80—100;
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯;
3. 文章不能出现与本人相关的信息;
4. 开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：防菌口罩 antiseptic mask
【高分范文】
Because of Novel coronavirus, we Chinese have had a special Spring Festival. Nobody wants to get the disease, but how should we prevent NCP and protect ourselves? Here are my suggestions.
First, we should try not to go outdoors and we should avoid going to places where there are many people. Second, whenever we go out, we should wear antiseptic masks. They can protect us from catching the frightening disease. Third, we should develop a habit of washing our hands frequently. Last but not least, we should drink more water, have more rest and do proper amount of sports at home, which will certainly make us stronger.
高考英语作文话题 篇5
染色馒头the industrial dye of steamed bun 毒奶粉the notorious milk powder
It is universally acknowledged that the safety of food is closely related to our health. As the famous saying goes, “we are what we eat.” However, things often go contrary to our wishes since we are faced with a series of food safety problems at present, ranging from the industrial dye of steamed bun to the notorious milk powder.
There are several reasons for this severe problem. First and foremost, many manufactures produce fake food of poor quality in order to get higher profits. In addition, the relevant laws and regulations are imperfect and even ineffective. Last but not least, the public especially customers from poor families, are not alert enough to the safety of food.
In view of the seriousness of the problem, effective measures must be taken to improve the situation. Firstly, it is essential that relevant laws and regulations on food safety should be enforced. Secondly, the relevant department should attach more importance to supervising监督 the manufacturers. Also, the public should be trained to be alert to food quality, believing our efforts will make an enormous difference. Only by taking these actions can the problem be coped with successfully in the nearest future.
高考英语作文热门话题:中国式过马路
前不久，中央电视台“焦点访谈”栏目曾就“中国式过马路”现象进行了不少采访和评论。请用英语写一篇100-120 词的短文，结合自己的所见所闻或亲身经历描述“行人闯红灯”(pedestrians run the red light)引发的若干问题，并就此提出一些解决措施。 注意;短文的开头已给出(不计词数)。
Not long ago, CCTV “Focus Talk” carried out many interviews and made some relevant comments on the phenomena---“Crossing roads in the Chinese style”.______________________
参考范文：
Not long ago, CCTV “Focus Talk” carried out many interviews and made some relevant comments on the phenomena---“Crossing roads in the Chinese style”.
There is a very common phenomenon around us that people just run the light totally ignoring the running vehicles, which can lead to serious consequences. Last week a traffic accident happened near our school, a rushing car knocked down a student who was running the red light. And because of the car’s sudden stop, several cars behind crashed into each other. Of course this caused a terrible traffic jam.
英语高考作文话题预测 篇6
Walking along the beach, we can see the Shanghai Oriental Pearl TV Tower standing like a giant on the other side of the Huangpu River. It‘s visited by thousands of people from different parts of the country and the world every day.
The Shanghai Oriental Pearl TV Tower, which can be seen from far away, is 468: meters tall, It‘s the tallest TV tower: in Asia and the third tallest in the world.From the TV tower, we can get a clear view of the whole city. Its construction was started in 1991 and completed in 1994. Soon after that, it was opened to the public.Now it has become the centre of the culture, entertainment and tourism in the city of Shanghai.
The Shanghai Oriental Pearl TV Tower is the symbol of the rapid development of Pudong in recent years. We‘re all proud of it.
这篇“东方明珠电视塔(The Oriental Pearl TV Tower)“高考英语作文范文是很有参考价值的，考生们不妨就这个话题来写一篇这样的作文，看自己写得怎么样。
二、话题预测：调查报告
【预测作文】调查报告――[报告]
【猜题理由】高中教学越来越倾向于实践性，做调查是一种很基础的应用形式。调查报告也成为高中生应该掌握的一种文体，作为近两年越来越盛行的文体，高考英语作文也不能避免调查报告。这不仅考察学生的英语水平，更考察他的逻辑思维，严谨。
【预测题目】最近，你作为研究性学习课题组的成员就高中英语新教材的看法在同学中间开展了一次调查，调查的结果如下：
请根据以上调查结果，写一份简单的调查报告。报告的开头已给出。
只能使用5个句子表达全部的内容。
句子结构准确，信息内容完整、连贯。
I recently surveyed my classmate s about their views on the new English textbook.
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
英语特殊句式高考热点大剖析 篇7
强调句
强调句的结构是“It is/was ... that/who ...”，that/who前面的系动词be的时态通常用一般现在时，只有当其后面的句子为过去时，才用一般过去时。判断句子是否为强调句的一般方法是将It is/was和that/who同时去掉，看剩下的部分是否可以构成一个完整的句子且句意成立。若可以且句意成立，则是强调句；反之则不是强调句。需要提醒大家的是，若“It is/was ... that/who ...”句式出现在情景交际中，则不能只靠这种方法去判断，还要结合语境。例如：
—Have you seen the film Under the Hawthorn Tree？ （2011年重庆卷）
—Of course， I have. It was in our village it was made.
A. that B. where C. when D. which
【解析】本题答案为A，考点为强调句。首先，将空格所在句子中句首的It was去掉，剩余部分仍是一个完整的句子且句意成立，故为强调句，被强调的部分是地点状语in our village。整个题干句意为：“——你看过《山楂树之恋》这部电影吗？——当然看过，这部电影就是在我们村拍摄的。”若不考虑前面的问句，B项也可以选，where引导定语从句。此时，虽然语法成立，但句意不成立，不符合整个语境。因此千万不能忽略题干给出的信息，否则就会判断错误。
倒装句
英语中的倒装句分为全部倒装（谓语置于主语之前）和部分倒装（谓语中的一部分，通常是助动词、情态动词或系动词，放在主语之前，而其余部分放在主语之后）。从近几年的高考题来看，命题者加大了对句子结构和知识面的考查力度，同时注重考查多个知识点的综合运用。这就要求考生在平时的复习和备考中注意总结，全面把握。解这类题的关键是先认真分析题干句子，若句首含有引起倒装的词或短语，再结合主语的情况判断是否要倒装且属于哪一种倒装，同时还要比较四个选项，从时态、语态等方面进行判断，最后确定该选用哪一个。例如：
1. John opened the door. There ________ he had never seen before. （2010年陕西卷）
A. a girl did stand B. a girl stood
C. did a girl stand D. stood a girl
【解析】本题答案为D，考查全部倒装句式。当here、there、thus、then等副词位于句首且句子的主语是名词时，句子用全部倒装，谓语动词要置于主语之前，四个选项中只有D项符合要求。题干句意为：“约翰打开门，一个他从未见过的姑娘站在那里。”
2. At no time ________ the rules of the game. It was unfair to punish them. （2013年辽宁卷）
A. they actually broke
B. do they actually break
C. did they actually break
D. they had actually broken
【解析】本题答案为C，考查部分倒装句式。当否定词或否定短语置于句首，句子要部分倒装。此处放在句首的是否定短语at no time （在任何时候都不，决不），句子要部分倒装，即将助动词放在主语之前，因此可以排除A和D项。再根据题干时态标志词was可以判断空白处说的是过去的情况，故选C。题干句意为：“他们实际上根本没有违反游戏规则，惩罚他们是不公平的。”
省略句
为了避免重复，使语言简练紧凑，在不损害句子结构或不引起误解的情况下，往往可省去一个或多个句子成分或词语，构成省略句。省略的基本规则是省去相同的部分，如名词、冠词，甚至是从句中与前面或后面的成分相同的词语。这类题的难点主要在以下四个方面：①不定式的省略；②定语从句中关系代词的省略；③宾语从句省略后要用so代替；④ as引导的让步状语从句中的省略。考生在备考时，要加强语感的培养和对习惯表达的记忆；在解题时，除了要分析语境，从上下文中找出相关的省略成分外，还要对省略的考查热点有所了解，从而做到有的放矢，准确找出解题突破口。例如：
1. Though ______ to see us， the professor gave us a warm welcome. （2010年全国卷II）
A. surprise B. was surprised
C. surprised D. being surprised
【解析】本题答案为C，考查省略结构和非谓语动词的综合运用。题干句意为：“虽然看到我们很惊讶，教授还是热情地欢迎我们。”根据题干句意可知，逗号后的部分是句子主干且结构完整，连词though在此引导状语从句，但从句中省略了主谓结构，补充完整应为：Though the professor was surprised to see us. 不难发现，补充完整后的从句和主句主语一致，因此从句中的主语和系动词在此完全可以省略，故正确答案为C。D项的being done结构一般译为“正在被做……”，显然不符合语境。
2. —What's the noise？ It sounds as if it comes from upstairs.
—________. It must be the window-cleaner working next door. （2010年陕西卷）
A. I'm not sure B. I hope not
C. I'd rather not D. I don't think so
【解析】本题答案为D，考查宾语从句的省略。题干句意为：“——这是什么声音？听起来好像是从楼上传来的。——我不这么认为。那一定是清洁工在隔壁擦玻璃的声音。”根据题意可知，空格处的答语省略了宾语从句，补充完整应为：I don't think the noise comes from upstairs. 其中的the noise comes from upstairs是宾语从句，可以用so来代替，故正确答案为D，意为“我不这么认为”。
省略句
从近几年的高考题来看，祈使句常见的考查形式有三种。
①祈使句+破折号+分句：分句对祈使句起补充、解释、说明作用。
②祈使句+ and/or + sb. will do：祈使句是分句的条件，分句多用一般将来时。
③祈使句用作状语从句的主句：从句多用一般现在时。
命题者常会结合非谓语动词等知识点来进行考查。解这类题的关键是要牢记常见的祈使句结构，注重标点符号的用法，排除非谓语动词的干扰（非谓语动词前置作状语，常用逗号与后面的主句隔开，说明主句中的事情发生的时间、原因、条件、目的等）。例如：
1. If you have a job， ________ yourself to it and finally you'll succeed. （2010年四川卷）
A. do devote B. don't devote
C. devoting D. not devoting
【解析】本题答案为A，考查祈使句的用法。根据固定句型结构“祈使句+ and/or + sb. will do”可知，空格处应使用动词原形，故可排除C、D两项。根据上下文可知，此处是在加强语气，故在动词原形前加助动词do，因此正确答案为A。题干句意为：“如果你有一份工作，一定要全身心投入这份工作，最终你会成功。”
2. Before you quit your job， ________ how your family would feel about your decision. （2012年重庆卷）
A. consider B. considering
C. to consider D. considered
【解析】本题答案为A，考查祈使句的用法。分析句子结构可知，before you quit your job是时间状语从句，那么后面的________ how your family would feel about your decision一定是句子的主句。在所给的选项当中，B、C、D三个选项都无法和how引导的从句构成句子，只有A项可以和how引导的从句构成祈使句，故正确答案为A。题干句意为：“在你辞职之前，想想你的家人对你的决定会有什么感受。”
反意疑问句
纵观历届高考真题，反意疑问句的考点主要集中在“反意疑问部分”。反意疑问句由两部分组成，前一部分是一个陈述句，后一部分是一个简短的疑问句。若前一部分为肯定形式，则后一部分为否定形式；若前一部分为否定形式，那后一部分为肯定形式。两部分的人称和时态应保持一致，这是考生答题的关键。为便于掌握，大家不妨牢记这个口诀：反意疑问并不难，陈述疑问句中含。前后肯否恰相反，否定词缀不能算。主谓时态要一致，特殊情况记心田。例如：
1. I told them not everybody could run as fast as you did， ______？ （2011年重庆卷）
A. could he B. didn't I
C. didn't you D. could they
【解析】本题答案为B，考查反意疑问句。本题陈述部分为肯定，根据口诀“前后肯否恰相反”可知，附加部分应为否定形式，故可排除A、D两项。反意疑问句的基本原则就是与主句的主谓保持一致。本句的主句是“I told them ...”，后面的反意疑问部分要与主句的主谓保持一致，故正确答案为B。本题中含有一个宾语从句，可能会导致一些同学误选C，因此掌握上述口诀和原则很重要。题干句意为：“我告诉他们，并非每个人都可以跑得和你一样快，不是吗？”
2. There is little doubt in your mind that he is innocent， _______？ （2012年江苏卷）
A. is there B. isn't there
C. is he D. isn't he
【解析】本题答案为A，考查反意疑问句。根据前面there be句中含有否定意义的词little可知，后面的反意疑问部分要用肯定形式，故排除B、D两项。同时，其主谓应与陈述部分的主谓保持一致，故选A。题干句意为：“毫无疑问，在你心中他是无辜的，是吗？”
感叹句
感叹句通常由what、how引导，表示赞美、惊叹、喜悦等情感。What后接名词，how后接形容词或副词，其他部分用陈述句语序。感叹句中对what和how的选用关键要看形容词后面是否有名词，如果有就用what，如果没有就用how。为便于掌握，大家在备考时可以记一下这个口诀：What、how如何选？先在后面把名词找。若有名词用what，若无名词必用how。What、how提句首，其他紧跟别忘了。主谓一起挪最后，常常可以被省掉。例如：
_______ a strange plant！ I've never seen it before. （2011年辽宁卷）
A. Which B. What
C. How D. Whether
【解析】本题答案为B，考查感叹句。英语感叹句的结构有三种：① What （+ a/an） + adj. + n. +主语+谓语！ ② How + adj./adv. +主语+谓语！ ③ How +句子！ 根据题干和选项可以判断空格所在的句子是一个感叹句，是“What + a/an + adj. + n. （+ it is/was）”的省略结构，故选B。题干句意为：“多么奇怪的一种植物啊！我以前从来没见过它。”
主谓一致
主谓一致常见的考查题型有单项选择、完形填空、书面表达、单句改错、短文改错等。高考对主谓一致的考查主要集中在对知识点记忆情况的考查，因此考生必须要牢记主谓一致遵循的三个原则（语法一致、意义一致和就近一致原则）的具体内容。做这类题时，首先要找出句子的真正主语，然后根据具体的知识点做出判断。多数情况下，大家根据句子的主语形式就能判定，但有的则要看整句的意思及强调的内容。例如：
1. Barbara is easy to recognize as she's the only one of the women who ________ evening dress. （2010年全国卷II）
A. wear B. wears
C. has worn D. have worn
【解析】本题答案为B，考查定语从句的主谓一致。首先，根据语境可知，题干陈述的是Barbara的日常情况，可以确定时态用一般现在时，故排除C、D两项。然后根据定语从句主谓一致规则可知，当先行词是“one of +复数名词”时，定语从句的谓语动词要用第三人称复数形式；当先行词是“the only one of +复数名词”时，定语从句的谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。故正确答案为B，who实际上指的是Barbara一人。题干句意为：“芭芭拉是那些女士中唯一一个常穿晚礼服的人，所以她很容易被认出来。”
2. Generally， students' inner motivation with high expectations from others _______ essential to their development. （2013年江苏卷）
A. is B. are C. was D. were
【解析】本题答案为A，考查主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，句子主语为students' inner motivation with high expectations from others，中心词为inner motivation，其谓语显然要用单数，可排除B、D两项。再根据generally （一般来说）可知，题干陈述的是通常情况，所以用一般现在时。故正确答案为A。题干句意为：“一般来说，别人对其期望很高的学生的内在动力对其自身的发展至关重要。”
以上就是近五年高考英语对特殊句式考查的几个主要方面，大家在备考过程中要熟悉每一个考点所涉及的知识点，并要不断总结相应的解题思路和方法，才能在高考中完胜特殊句式。
作者简介：
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