女王圣诞致辞

女王圣诞致辞（通用5篇）

女王圣诞致辞 篇1

批评话语分析是由英国著名语言学家R.Fowler于1979年在《语言与控制》一书中首次提出了批评语言学的概念。截止目前,西方学者提出了一系列批评话语分析的有效方法。现在批评话语分析在中国越来越多的学者也将其用于分析不同类型的语篇。语言作为一种交流工具,能够反映特定的社会意识形态。大众传媒的发展扩大了意识形态的影响。通过对演讲的分析,来揭露演讲者演讲中隐含的意识形态。所以,批评话语分析是研究演讲语篇的一种有效的研究方法。

本文基于韩礼德的系统功能语言学和Fairclough的三维框架理论,对英国女王2016年圣诞致辞进行分析。圣诞节是西方传统的节日,英国女王又是英国及英国海外领地的国家元首。所以对此本文对英国女王圣诞致辞进行批评话语分析具有重要意义。

及物性是一个语义系统,其作用是把人们在现实世界中的所见所闻,所作所为分成若干种“过程”(process)。韩礼德认为,人们可以通过及物性系统把人类的经验分成六种不同的过程:物质过程;心理过程;关系过程;行为过程;言语过程和存在过程。

Fairclough的三维框架理论包括三个层面一描述,描述是对话语中的语言特点进行分析;二,解读,解读是运用分析模式和探索隐藏的意识形态;三,解释,解释就是对分析出来的意识形态进行分析来揭示语篇的影响和作用。

二、对英国女王圣诞致辞的批评话语分析

从分析结果看,此篇新闻语料一共32个句子,其中物质过程和关系过程占的比例最大。存在过程和言语过程占的比例较小。

物质过程是表示做某件事的过程(a process of doing)。这个过程本身一般是由动态动词来表示,“动作者”和动作的“目标”。

从物质过程中出现的各个成分来看,一从文本方面看,在政治语篇尤其是女王发表的演说中,词汇充当着演讲者向受众传递信息的工具,同时演讲中蕴含的观点和意识形态也会通过演讲者所选择的词汇体现出来。二从社会方面看,英国女王的圣诞致辞中充斥着浓厚的西方主义色彩的价值观:自由、和平、民主等意识。无一不透露出英国女王想表达的政治意图:希望每个英国人都能学会感恩与奉献。

从关系过程看,关系过程反映事物之间处于某种关系的过程,关系过程可以分为“归属”和“识别”两大类。它通常用来描述在句子中参与者之间的关系。

例.I am one of them because Christ's example helps me see the value of doing small things withgreat love,whoever does them and whatever they themselves believe.

在这个属于关系过程的句子中Carrier是“I”指的是英国女王,接着又给“I”很多的修饰,从修饰的各种语言中可以清楚地知道,一位90岁的高龄女王心系国家,心系大众。并且在圣诞节呼吁国民要懂得感恩,懂得奉献。

三、结语

本文主要以韩礼德的及物性系统为理论基础,采用Fairclough的三维框架理论为分析工具对英国女王圣诞致辞进行批评话语分析,旨在揭露演讲者是如何通过操控语言为意识形态和政治目的服务的,从而进一步呼吁民众接受其观点和立场。

参考文献

[1]陈中竺.批评语言学述评[J].外语教学与研究,1995(1):21-27

[2]陈中竺.语篇与意识形态:批评性语篇分析[J].上海:外国语,1995(3):42-45

[3]戴炜华,高军.批评语篇分析:理论评述和实例分析[J].外国语,2002(6):42-48

[4]胡壮麟,朱永生,张德禄.系统功能语法概论[M].长沙:湖南教育出版社,1989.

女王圣诞致辞 篇2

【关键词】伊丽莎白二世女王的晚宴致辞 纽马克 交际翻译法

一、引言

伦敦时间2015年10月20日，国家主席习近平和夫人彭丽媛出席了英国女王伊丽莎白二世在白金汉宫举行的盛大欢迎晚宴。中英两国领导人的此次会晤，促进了两国经济、政治和文化的全面发展，加深了两国人民的之间的友谊，具有重要的历史意义。这是一篇新闻报道，英国著名翻译理论家纽马克认为新闻报道的翻译最好采用交际翻译法。本文作者详细分析了此篇致辞中所体现的交际翻译法，揭示了该方法对跨文化翻译的各种文体翻译有重要的指导作用。

二、彼特·纽马克及其交际翻译法

纽马克出生于1916年，他从事过多种欧洲语言的翻译工作，是一名出色的译者和编辑。同时，他也是一位语言学家，并担任英国语言学家协会会长。他的主要兴趣就是把语言学的相关理论应用于翻译实践之中，把翻译研究和英语语言研究相结合。他的一生，甚至到了晚年，都仍工作在翻译实践的第一线。叶子南曾认为：“一个从事翻译实践的人，如果不想过多地涉猎理论，而只想充实一下与实践有关的理论知识，那么他可以不读奈达，但却应该读纽马克。”他的代表作包括《翻译问题探索》（Approaches to Translation， 1981）、《翻译论》（About Translation， 1991）和《翻译短评》（Paragraphs on Translation， 1993）。纽马克认为针对不同的文本类型应当采用不同的翻译方法-语义翻译（semantic translation）或交际翻译（communicative translation）。这两种翻译是在翻译界长期围绕直译和意译争论不休的背景下提出的。

纽马克认为语义翻译是“译者只在目的语句法和语义的限制内，试图再现原作者的准确语境意义”（Semantic translation， where the translator attempts， within the bare syntactic and semantic constraints of the TL， to reproduce the precise contextual meaning of the author.）由此可见，语义的翻译标准是：忠实于原文作者，重视作者的个性和权威。译者不但要复写原文的字面意义，而且尽可能完整无损地重现文本的内涵意义、作者的写作风格和表现手法等。他认为交际翻译是译者尽可能在目的语中向读者再现原文读者感受到的同样效果（Communicative translation， where the translator attempts to produce the same effect on TL readers as was produced by the original on the SL readers. ）。与语义翻译不同，交际翻译的翻译标准是：以译文读者为中心。要求译文通顺流畅地道，符合译入语的表达习惯。

根据语篇的不同功能，综合语言学理论中已经存在的几个模式，从语言的功能切入，纽马克将语篇分为三种功能类型：即表达功能、信息功能、呼唤功能、人际功能、诗意功能和元语言功能。他指出，表达功能的语篇通常以语义翻译为主，而信息功能和呼唤功能的语篇则主要采用交际翻译方法。20世纪90年代他又提出“关联翻译法”，这标志着他的翻译理论渐趋系统。

三、伊丽莎白二世女王晚宴致辞中体现的交际翻译法

中国和英国是东西方两大文明的杰出代表，两国虽然相距遥远，但一直相互影响。伊丽莎白二世女王的晚宴致辞更加反映了两国的友好往来。本文作者试分析致辞中所体现的交际翻译法。

例1：（原文）“Your visit to the United Kingdom marks a milestone in this unprecedented year of co-operation and friendship between the United Kingdom and China， as we celebrate the ties between our two countries and prepare to take them to ambitious new heights.”

译文：您对英国的访问，对于今年这一中英两国合作和友谊的前所未有的年份来说，是一个重要的里程碑。我们要庆祝两国之间的友好关系，并要将其推向雄心勃勃的新高度。

从语法角度分析，源语中主语 “Your visit”后直接加入谓语动词，将状语等成分置后。而在目标语中，将状语和谓语动词的位置作出相应的调整。而且译者并未将“as”译为“因为”，而是将其处理成一个完整的句子。译文以目标语读者为中心，读起来通畅地道，符合汉语表达习惯。

例2：（原文）Prince Philip and I recall with great fondness our visit to China almost thirty years ago.

译文：我和菲利普亲王经常会重温将近三十年前我们那次访问中国的美好回忆。

源语是“Prince Philip and I”，译者将目标语译为“我和菲利普亲王”；“recall with great fondness”译为“重温”。这两个短语无论在结构上还是语义上，都使得译文贴近目标语读者，符合汉语表达习惯，很好地传递了源语信息的文化内涵。

四、结语

纽马克翻译理论的核心是语义翻译和交际翻译，在新闻报道的翻译中，译者应尽量以目标语读者为中心，采用交际翻译法。并且应充分挖掘和探索目标语对象的心理和文化习俗、习惯，同时尽可能缩小文化差异，实现双语的完美转化。

参考文献：

[1]叶子南.高级英汉翻译理论与实践[M].清华大学出版社，2013.

[2]纽马克.翻译的方法[M].上海外语教育出版社，1981.

[3]龚长华，陈怡华.药学英语翻译实践教程[M].上海世界图书出版公司，2014.

女王圣诞致辞 篇3

英国女王伊丽莎白二世2014年圣诞致辞

Christmas Broadcast 2014

In the ruins of the old Coventry Cathedral is a sculpture of a man and a woman reaching out to embrace each other.The sculptor was inspired by the story of a woman who crossed Europe on foot after the war to find her husband.Casts of the same sculpture can be found in Belfast and Berlin, and it is simply called Reconciliation.Reconciliation is the peaceful end to conflict, and we were reminded of this in August when countries on both sides of the First World War came together to remember in peace.The ceramic poppies at the Tower of London drew millions, and the only possible reaction to seeing them and walking among them was silence.For every poppy a life;and a reminder of the grief of loved ones left behind.No-one who fought in that war is still alive, but we remember their sacrifice and indeed the sacrifice of all those in the armed forces who serve and protect us today.In 1914, many people thought the war would be over by Christmas, but sadly by then the trenches were dug and the future shape of the war in Europe was set.But, as we know, something remarkable did happen that Christmas, exactly a hundred years ago today.Without any instruction or command, the shooting stopped and German and British soldiers met in No Man’s Land.Photographs were taken and gifts exchanged.It was a Christmas truce.Truces are not a new idea.In the ancient world a truce was declared for the duration of the Olympic Games and wars and battles were put on hold.Sport has a wonderful way of bringing together people and nations, as we saw this year in Glasgow when over seventy countries took part in the Commonwealth Games.It is no accident that they are known as the Friendly Games.As well as promoting dialogue between nations, the Commonwealth Games pioneered the inclusion of para-sports within each day’s events.As with the Invictus Games that followed, the courage, determination and talent of the athletes captured our imagination as well as breaking down divisions.The benefits of reconciliation were clear to see when I visited Belfast in June.While my tour of the set of Game of Thrones may have gained most attention, my visit to the Crumlin Road Gaol will remain vividly in my mind.What was once a prison during the troubles is now a place of hope and fresh purpose;a reminder of what is possible when people reach out to one another, rather like the couple in the sculpture.Of course, reconciliation takes different forms.In Scotland after the referendum many felt great disappointment, while others felt great relief;and bridging these differences will take time.Bringing reconciliation to war or emergency zones is an even harder task, and I have been deeply touched this year by the selflessness of aid workers and medical volunteers who have gone abroad to help victims of conflict or of diseases like Ebola, often at great personal risk.For me, the life of Jesus Christ, the Prince of Peace, whose birth we celebrate today, is an inspiration and an anchor in my life.A role-model of reconciliation and forgiveness, he stretched out his hands in love, acceptance and healing.Christ’s example has taught me to seek to respect and value all people of whatever faith or none.Sometimes it seems that reconciliation stands little chance in the face of war and discord.But, as the Christmas truce a century ago reminds us, peace and goodwill have lasting power in the hearts of men and women.On that chilly Christmas Eve in 1914 many of the German forces sang “Silent Night”, its haunting melody inching across the line.That carol is still much-loved today, a legacy of the Christmas truce, and a reminder to us all that even in the unlikeliest of places hope can still be found.A very happy Christmas to you all.

英国女王2013 圣诞演讲 篇4

“Barbie,” a twelve-inch plastic teen-ager, is the best known and best-selling doll in history.Since its introduction in 1959, the Barbie doll population of the world has grown to 12,000,000— more than the human population of Los Angeles or London or Paris.Little girls adore Barbie because she is highly realistic and eminently dress-upable.Mattel, Inc., maker of Barbie, also sells a complete wardrobe for her, including clothes for ordinary daytime wear, clothes for formal party wear, clothes for swimming and skiing.十二英寸高的塑料小人“芭比”曾是历史上最著名最畅销的洋娃娃，自从1959年问世以来，全世界的芭比娃娃的数量增长到1200,0000人—比洛杉矶，伦敦和巴黎任何一个城市的人口还要多。小女孩热衷芭比娃娃是因为他很像真的而且可以任意更换衣服，作为芭比娃娃的生产厂家，Mattel公司还出售芭比的整体衣柜，包括日常便装，正式晚装，泳装和滑雪衫。

Recently Mattel announced a new improved Barbie doll.The new version has a slimmer figure, “real” eyelashes and a twist-and turn waist that makes her more humanoid than ever.Moreover, Mattel announced that, for the first time, any young lady wishing to purchase a new Barbie would receive a trade-in allowance for her old one.旧货换新折让

最近Mattel公司推出一款更高级的芭比娃娃，这个新产品身材更苗条，有仿真睫毛，又可以扭转弯曲的腰肢，所有这些特点使其更加人性化。此外，M公司还首次宣布，任何一个购买芭比娃娃的女士都可以获得旧芭比娃娃的折价优惠。

What Mattel did not announce was that by trading in her old doll for a technologically improved modes, the little girl of today, citizen of tomorrow’s super-industrial world, would learn a fundamental lesson about the new society: that man’s relationships with things are increasingly temporary.M公司所没有宣布的是，通过折旧芭比娃娃来销售新款芭比娃娃，今天的小女孩，明天工业化社会的公民就会得出这样一个对社会的基本认识：人类和物品的关系越来越短暂。

The ocean of man-made physical objects that surrounds us is set within a larger ocean of natural objects.But increasingly, it is the technologically produced environment that matters for the individual.The texture of plastic or concrete, the iridescent glisten of an automobile under a streetlight, the staggering vision of a cityscape seen from the window of a jet— these are the intimate realities of his existence.Man-made things enter into and color his consciousness.Their number is expandingwith explosive force, both absolutely and relative to the natural environment.This will be even more true in super-industrial society than it is today.我们周围人造物品的海洋外围还有更广阔的自然物品的海洋。但是这个技术制造的环境逐渐影响着人类。塑料或混凝土结构，街灯下霓虹闪烁的汽车，从飞机窗口俯瞰到的缓慢移动的城市—这些人类的亲密伙伴。人造物品进入并影响了人类意识，其数量急剧增长，无论是就绝对而言还是相对而言。这种现象在将来的后工业化社会会更加突出。

Anti-materialists tend to deride the importance of “things.” Yet things are highly significant, not merely because of their functional utility, but also because of their psychological impact.We develop relationships with things.Things affect our sense of foreshortening of our relationships with things accelerates the pace of life.唯心主义者试图否认物品的重要性，但是物品是非常重要的，不仅因为它有实用功能，还因为其对精神的影响，我们发展和物品的关系，物品影响我们对关联和断联的意识。他们在情景结构中的作用，我们和物品关系的缩短加快了生活的节奏。

Moreover, our attitudes toward things reflect basic value judgments.Nothing could be more dramatic than the difference between the new breed of little girls who cheerfully turn in their Barbies for the new improved model and those who, like their mothers and grandmothers before them, clutch lingeringly and lovingly to the same doll until it disintegrates from sheer age.In this difference lies the contrast between past and future, between societies based on permanence, and the new, fast-forming society based on transience.此外，我们对物品的态度反映了基本的价值评判。有的小女孩兴高采烈的把她们的芭比娃娃换成新款高级的娃娃，有的小女孩象她们的母亲和祖母年少时一样，终日抱着同一个娃娃，形影不离，爱不释手，直到长大后娃娃从生活中消失，没有什么比这更具有戏剧性的对比了。这种不同在于过去和未来的对比，对于永久的社会和新的变幻无常的社会的对比。

That man-thing relationships are growing more and more temporary may be illustrated by examining the culture surrounding the little girl who trades in her doll.This child soon learns that Barbie dolls are by no means the only physical objects that pass into and out of her young life at a rapid clip.Diapers, bibs, paper napkins, Kleenex, towels, non-returnable soda bottles—all are used up quickly in her home and ruthlessly eliminated.Corn muffins come in baking tins that are thrown away after one use.Spinach is encased in plastic sacks that can be dropped into a pan of boiling water for heating, and then thrown away.TV dinners are cooked and often served on throw-away trays.Her home is a large processing machine through which objects flow, entering and leaving, at a faster and faster rate of speed.From birth on, she is inextricably embedded in a throw-away culture.观察一下旧芭比换新芭比的小女孩身后的文化就可以看出人类和物品间的关系越来越短暂，这些孩子很快会知道有很多物品以极快的速度进入并离开他们的生活，不只是芭比娃娃。纸尿裤，围裙，纸巾，手绢，非循环使用的苏打汽水瓶—所有这些在她家被迅速使用，有的被无情的丢弃。玉米松饼放进一次性的烤罐，菠菜放进塑料袋中，这种塑料袋可以一起放进沸水锅中加热然后丢弃。电视上的烹饪节目也经常使用一次性的碟子。她的家就是一个大型处理机器，通过这个机器，物品以越来越快的速度不断流动，进入又离开，从出生开始，她就被包围在一次性的文化中。

The idea of using a product once or for a brief period and then replacing it, runs counter to the grain of societies or individuals steeped in a heritage of poverty.Not long ago Uriel Rone, a market researcher for the French advertising agency Publicis, told me: “The French housewife is not used to disposable products.She likes to keep things, even old things, rather than throw-away curtain.We did a marketing study for them and found the resistance too strong.” This resistance, however, is dying all over the developed world.对一次性物品的使用让人想到了粮食问题和祖祖辈辈生活在贫困中的人，不久前，法国广告代理公司P的一位市场调查员U R 告诉我“法国的家庭主妇并不习惯于使用一次性的产品，:她们喜欢把东西留着，即使是旧物品也不会丢。我们代表公司宣传一种一次性的塑料窗帘。我们队她们作市场调查，却发现她们的抵制情绪很强。”这种抵制在其他发达国家越来越少了。

Thus a writer, Edward Maze, has pointed out that many Americans visiting Sweden in the early 1950’s were astounded by its cleanliness.“We were almost awed by the fact that there were no beer and soft drink bottles by the road sides, as, much to our shame, there were in America.But by the 1960’s lo and behold, bottles were suddenly blooming along Swedish highways„ What happened? Sweden had become a buy, use and throw-away society, following the American pattern.” In Japan today throw-away tissues are so universal that cloth handkerchiefs are regarded as old fashioned, not to say unsanitary.In England for sixpence one may buy a “Dentamatic throw-away toothbrush” which comes already coated with toothpaste for its one-time use.And even in France, disposable cigarette lighters are commonplace.Form cardboard milk containers to the rockets that power space vehicles, products created for short-term or one-time use are becoming more numerous and crucial to our way of life.因此，作家E M 指出在十二世纪五十年代初期，很多区瑞典观光的美国人都被瑞典的干净所震惊“让我们敬佩的是路边没有一个啤酒瓶和软饮料瓶，而自惭形秽的是，美国到处都是。但是到二十世纪六十年代，看看吧，各种瓶瓶罐罐凸现在瑞典的高速公路上„„怎么了？跟美国一样，瑞典已经变成一个购买，使用一次性物品的国家了。在当今的日本，一次性的纸巾非常普遍，手绢已经老土了，而且也不卫生。在英国，花七便士就可以买到已经挤好牙膏，一次性使用的牙刷。即使在法国，一次性的打火机也很普遍，从牛奶纸盒到为太空提供动力的火箭，它们对我们的生活起着越来越重要的作用。

The recent introduction of paper and quasi-paper clothing carried the trend toward disposability a step further.Fashionable boutiques and working-class clothing stores have sprouted whole departments devoted to gaily colored and imaginatively designed paper apparel.Fashion magazines display breathtakingly sumptuous gowns, coats, pajamas, even wedding dresses made of paper.The bride pictured in one of these wears a long white train of lace-like paper that, the caption writer notes, will make “great kitchen curtains” after the ceremony.刚上市的纸衣服或者类似纸的衣服将一次性文化更推进了一步。时尚饰品店和工薪阶层服装店已经陆续出现一个全新的部门，这个部门专门负责那些色彩艳丽设计特别的纸衣服。时尚杂志展示了价格惊人的纸长袍，纸外套，纸睡袍，甚至纸婚纱和礼服。图中的新娘穿着仿蕾丝纸做成的白色长袍裙，标题写道：这条裙子在婚礼结束后可以做成“不错的厨房窗帘”。

Paper clothes are particularly suitably for children, Writes one fashion expert: “Little girls will soon be able to spill ice cream, draw pictures and make cutouts on their clothes while their mothers smile benignly at their creativity.” And for adults who want to express their own creativity, there is even a “paint-yourself-dress” complete with brushes.Price: $2.00.纸衣服是最适合孩子的。一位时尚专家写道：“小孩子会乱溅冰激凌，而且他可以在纸衣服上画画，或者贴剪纸画，而母亲在一旁微笑的赞许其创造力。”对于想展示创造力的成年人，可以买一种配有刷子的“自助衣服”，价格两美元。

Price, of course, is a critical factor behind the paper explosion.Thus a department store features simple A-line dresses made of what it calls “devil-may-care cellulose fiber and nylon.” At $1.29 each, it is almost cheaper for the consumer to buy and discard a new one than to send an ordinary dress to the cleaners.Soon it will be.But more than economics is involved, for the extension of the throw-away culture has important psychological consequences.当然，价格是纸用品猛增的重要原因。因此有一家百货商店很有特色，店内全是清一色的衣服，这些衣服都是用被称作“魔鬼也会留意的纤维和尼龙”做成的。每件事1.29美元，对于消费者来说，一次性要比普通衣服送进洗衣店要便宜的多。但不仅仅是经济问题，一次性文化的蔓延还带来了不容忽视的精神影响。

***We develop a throw-away mentality to match our throw-away products.This mentality produces, among other things, a set of radically altered values with respect to property.But the spread of disposability through the society also implies decreased durations in man-thing relationships.Instead of being linked with a single object over a relatively long span of time, we are linked for brief periods with the succession of objects that supplant it.我们已经形成了一种一次性的心态，来适应一次性的产品。这种心态使得我们对于物品的价值观产生了巨大的改变。然而社会中的一次性文化的蔓延也预示着人类和物品的关系持续的时间越来越短。我们只是和一系列马上将被代替的物品保持短期的联系，而不是和某一物品保持长期的联系。

Unit8Cultivating a Hobby 培养一种业余爱好

A gifted American psychologist has said, “Worry is a spasm of the emotion;the mind catches hold of something and will not let it go.” It is useless to argue with the mind in this condition.The stronger the will is, the more futile the task is.One can only gently insinuate something else into its rightly chosen, if it is really attended by the illumination of another field of interest, gradually, and often quite swiftly, the old undue grip relaxes and the process of recuperation and repair, begins.美国一位天才心理学家曾经说过：“忧虑是一阵情感的冲动，意识一旦陷入某种状态，这种状态将很难被改变。”在这种情况下，与意识去抗争是徒劳的。意志力越强，这种抗争就越显得徒劳无益。这时，唯一的解决办法只能是悄悄的渗入某种新的东西，来分散注意力。如果这种新的东西选择恰当，而且确实能激起你对另一领域的兴趣，渐渐地、而且经常是非常迅速地，你过分紧张的情绪就会缓解，你又开始恢复到原来的状态。

The cultivation of a hobby and the forms of interest is therefore a policy of first importance to a public man.But this is not a business that can be untaken in a day or swiftly improvised by a mere command of the will.The growth of alternative mental interests is a long process.The seeds must be carefully chosen;they must fall on good ground;they must be sedulously tended, if the vivifying fruits are to be at band when needed.因此，对一个公众人物来说，培养一种业余爱好、一种新的兴趣显得尤为重要。但这不是一件一朝一日或凭一时的意气就能一蹴而就的事情。这种替代忧虑的心理兴趣培养是一个长期的过程。它的种子必须要精挑细选，然后播撒到肥沃的土壤中，要想得到籽粒饱满、需要时随手可摘的果实，还必须对他们精心呵护。

To be really happy really safe, one ought to have at least two or three hobbies, and they must all be real.It is no use starting late in life to say: “I will take an interest in this or that.” Such an attempt only aggravates the strain of mental effort.A man may acquire great knowledge of topics unconnected with his daily work, and yet hardly get any benefit or relief.It is no use doing what you like;you have got to like what you do.Broadly speaking, human beings may be divided into three classes;those who are toiled to death, those who are worried to death, and those who are bored to death.It is no use offering the manual laborer, tired out with a hard week’s sweat and effort, the chance of playing a game of football or baseball on Saturday afternoon.It is no use inviting the politician or the professional or businessman, who has been working or worrying about serious things for six days, to work or worry about trifling things at the week-end.要想真正的快乐，而且每次都能真正奏效，一个人必须有两种或三种业余爱好，而且必须是真正的业余爱好。一个人到了晚年才说：“我要培养这种或那种兴趣。”那已经没有任何意义了。这种尝试只能更加增加大脑的压力。一个人可能具有与他日常工作无关的大量的知识，但这些知识并无助于他减轻心理压力。随心所欲的做你喜欢的工作不会帮你减轻心理压力，而是你必须设法喜欢你目前所做的工作。大致来说，人可分为三类：第一类人是累死；第二类人是愁死；第三类人是烦死。体力劳动者经过一周的辛勤劳动已经筋疲力尽，再让他们在周六下午踢足球或打棒球无助于消除他们的疲劳。让那些为一些大事已经连续工作或烦恼了六天的政治家、专业人员或工商界人士来说，在周末的时候让他们为一些鸡毛蒜皮的小事烦恼费神，也不会使他们身心轻松。

As for the unfortunate people who can command everything they want, who can gratify every caprice and lay their hands on almost every object of desire — for them a new pleasure, a new excitement is only an additional satiation.In vain they rush frantically round from place to place, trying to escape from avenging boredom by mere clatter and motion.For them discipline in one form or another is the most hopeful path.对于那些不幸的人：那些可以随意发号施令；那些随心所欲，无所不能的人，新的乐趣、新的喜悦对他们来说是无所谓的事情。他们狂乱地从一个地方跑到另一个地方、想通过不断换地方的这种方式来摆脱烦恼，这是徒劳的。对他们来说，条理、规矩是他们最有希望摆脱烦恼的办法。

女王圣诞致辞 篇5

Text of the Queen’s Christmas Broadcast 201

2This past year has been one of great celebration for many.The enthusiasm which greeted the Diamond Jubilee was, of course, especially memorable for me and my family.It was humbling that so many chose to mark the anniversary of a duty which passed to me sixty years ago.People of all ages took the trouble to take part in various ways and in many nations.But perhaps most striking of all was to witness the strength of fellowship and friendship among those who had gathered together on these occasions.Prince Philip and I were joined by our family on the River Thames as we paid tribute to those who have shaped the United Kingdom’s past and future as a maritime nation, and welcomed a wonderful array of craft, large and small, from across the Commonwealth.On the barges and the bridges and the banks of the river there were people who had taken their places to cheer through the mist, undaunted by the rain.That day there was a tremendous sense of common determination to celebrate, triumphing over the elements.That same spirit was also in evidence from the moment the Olympic flame arrived on these shores.The flame itself drew hundreds and thousands of people on its journey around the British Isles, and was carried by every kind of deserving individual, many nominated for their own extraordinary service.As London hosted a splendid summer of sport, all those who saw the achievement and courage at the Olympic and Paralympic Games were further inspired by the skill, dedication, training and teamwork of our athletes.In pursuing their own sporting goals, they gave the rest of us the opportunity to share something of the excitement and drama.We were reminded, too, that the success of these great festivals depended to an enormous degree upon the dedication and effort of an army of volunteers.Those public-spirited people came forward in the great tradition of all those who devote themselves to keeping others safe, supported and comforted.For many, Christmas is also a time for coming together.But for others, service will come first.Those serving in our Armed Forces, in our Emergency Services and in our hospitals, whose sense of duty takes them away from family and friends, will be missing those they love.And those who have lost loved ones may find this day especially full of memories.That’s why it’s important at this time of year to reach out beyond our familiar relationships to think of those who are on their own.At Christmas I am always struck by how the spirit of togetherness lies also at the heart of the Christmas story.A young mother and a dutiful father with their baby were joined by poor shepherds and visitors from afar.They came with their gifts to worship the Christ child.From that day on he has inspired people to commit themselves to the best interests of others.This is the time of year when we remember that God sent his only son ‘to serve, not to be served’.He restored love and service to the centre of our lives in the person of Jesus Christ.It is my prayer this Christmas Day that his example and teaching will continue to bring people together to give the best of themselves in the service of others.The carol, ‘In the Bleak Midwinter’, ends by asking a question of all of us who know the Christmas story, of how God gave himself to us in humble service: ‘What can I give him, poor as I am? If I were a shepherd, I would bring a lamb;if I were a wise man, I would do my part’.The carol gives the answer, ‘Yet what I can I give him – give my heart’.I wish you all a very happy Christmas.哈利国际教育

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