专业英语中英文互译

2024-08-11

专业英语中英文互译(共10篇)

专业英语中英文互译 篇1

零部件零部件英文 中文 冷轧钢Cold rolled steel 板 镀锌钢Galvanized steel 板 VCM钢板 PCM予涂钢板 定尺钢板 门壳 侧板 Vcm sheet Pro-coated metal Stable sheet Door shell Side plate 设备中文 侧板成型线 门壳成型线 吸附机 设备英文 工艺工艺英文 中文 Side plate 上料 Sheet feed forming line Door shell 辊轧 Roll forming line Thermoforming 折弯 Bend machine 环戊烷 Cyclopentane 催化剂 Catalyzer 封口钳 测电笔 Sealing pincer Electric testing pen Turnover trolley Powder coating hanger Inner cover Drain rod QC card Block Door lock 冷凝器 Condenser 周转车 干燥过Dry filter 滤器 蒸发皿 Evaporating dish 压缩机 Compressor Compressor accessorier Junction box Self-screw 喷粉挂具 内罩 透孔销 合格证 垫块 门锁 cut 冲裁 Punch 剪板Sheet machine 机 模具 Mould 加热 heat 发泡线 发泡机 予混设备 Foaming line Foaming machine Pre-mix machine 制冷剂 发泡剂 返修 发泡箱Foamed cabinet 体 Refrigerant 压缩机附件 Boiling 接线盒 agent Repair 自攻螺钉 内胆总Inner liner 群钻 assembly 成 Inner liner 内胆 门封焊接机 内胆板Inner liner 内胆sheet 材 予装线 中铰链 mid hinge 箱体予装线 免水胶Water proof 压粘tape 带 合设备 蒸发器 Evaporator 打胶机 编织胶Weave tape 总装带 线 双面胶Double-side 抽空tape 带 线 workshop 车间 真空Auger group 节拍 Cycle time 压机支Compressor 撑板 supporter Door gasket 工位 Work 弹簧垫Spring washer welding station 圈 machine Inner liner 冷藏 Refrigerate 垫片 pre-assembly line Cabinet pre-assembly line Evaporator pressing machine Assembly line 冷冻 Freezer Pad 铭牌 商标 Name plate Brand 接地线 Earth wire 班次 Shift 可调底Adjustable foot 角 下铰链座 下铰链调整垫 冷藏门体 冷冻门Hinge bottom 焊接 Welding 钣金 Metal forming Vacuum line 喷粉 Powder coating Vacuum pump 吸附 ThermoforAdjust pad of hinge bottom Refrigerating foaming door Freezer foaming 泵 控制电Control cable 灌注Charging machine 缆 机 单芯电Single-lead cable 缆 灯座总Lamp holder assembly 成 Lamp holder 灯座 灯头 灯口 Lamp holder top Lamp bulb 灯口螺Lamp holder nut 母 温控器 Thermostat 固定块 Fix pad door 体 门封总Refrigerating magnet seal 成 assembly test 予装 Pre-assembl门衬 Door liner 安全Safety y 测试machine 仪 检测Test line 检测 Test 门衬板Door liner sheet 线 材 微机Computer test 包装 Package 铰链轴Hinge bush 检测system 套 系统 检漏Leakage 抽空 Vacuum 瓶座罩 Bottle cover discover 仪 包装Box line 灌注 Charge 蛋盒 Egg box 线 打包Package 风扇 Fan 矮瓶座 Short bottle seat machine 机 压力Pressing 电机 motor 高瓶座 High bottle seat machine 机 高频High frequency 铰链Hinge axle 瓶栏 Bottle seat pole welding ming 发泡 Foam 除露管 Dew pipe 出水口 Drain pipe 台面 焊机 proof 氮气 machine Nitrogen 轴 腻子 putty 脱脂Degreaser 剂 磷化Bonderite 液 加速Accelerant 剂 中铰链 mid hinge 门把手 Door handle 果菜盒 Vegetable box Table board 压缩Air-pressure 空气 蒸汽 Steam 氦气 Helium 单面胶Single side 海绵条 glue sponge strip 双面胶Double side 海绵条 glue sponge strip of 果菜盒Block 塞块 vegetable box 予处理设备 底角角Back corner 喷粉iron 铁 设备 Powder 粉末 喷枪 中前梁 mid and front 米尺 rail 铝箔胶Aluminium 卡尺 adhensive 带 tape Chemical-treat 表面machine 调整剂 Powder coating 纯碱 machine Spray gun 银焊条 Mater ruler 铜焊条 Caliper rule 焊粉 Surface 钢丝搁Steel shelf conditioner 物架 Soda Silver solder Copper solder Welding powder 透明搁Transparent 物架 plastic shelf 玻璃板 Glass shelf 温控器Thermostat shell 壳 门开关 Door light switch 螺钉 传感器 底钢板 Bottom panel 气动攻丝机 下前梁 Lower front 风动rail 螺丝刀 后背钢Back panel 角向板 钻 上后梁 Upper back 气钻 rail Screw Sensor Pneumatic tapper Pneumatic screwdriver Corner driller 三联单 毛细管 Three joint 温控器Thermostat knob sheet 旋钮 Capillary 灯泡 Bulb tube 灯罩 Lamp cover 铜管 Copper tube 铝管 Aluminium tube Pneumatic 铜铝Copper-aludriller 接头 minium joint 上前梁 Upper front 电吹Electric blower 热溶Thermosol rail 风 胶 多元醇 Polyol 螺丝Screwdriver 说明Operation instruction 刀 书 异氰酸MDI 焊枪 Welding torch 礼品Present bag 酯 袋 刮霜板 Defrost scratcher 制冰盒 Ice box 包装底Bottom outer tray 壳 底垫块 Bottom

毕业论文中英文摘要互译 篇2

随着轻轨的发展,噪声的污染越来越严重。声屏障作为一种降低交通噪声有效而经济的方法,将会在一定程度上得到发展。现在,人们对轻轨噪声关注程度的增加,如何有效地设置轻轨声屏障,使其更好地发挥降噪效果已经成为一个亟待研究的课题。从分析声屏障的降噪原理出发,研究声屏障的高度、位置、敷设的吸声材料等对轻轨降噪效果的影响。本文初设两套方案,声源为无限长线声源,采用德国shall 03类型(轨道中心线),用直立型单侧吸声型声屏障,隔声材料为钢及钢化玻璃,吸声材料为纤维多孔吸声材料超级玻璃棉。方案一,声屏障高4m,一楼到七楼插入损失为19.41dB(A)~15.97dB(A);方案二,声屏障高4.5m,一楼到七楼插入损失19.97dB(A)~15.99dB(A)。由降噪效果和经济性,确定方案一为最佳方案。通过分析得出:在尽量靠近声源处设置声屏障,增加声屏障的高度,在声屏障内侧敷设吸声材料,都将有利于取得更好的降噪效果。最后,介绍声屏障的设计目标值及计算方法并对其主要承重部件-立柱进行强度和连接校核。要求

With the development of the light railway,the noise pollution becomes very important problem.Sound barrier,an effective and comparatively inexpensive measure of controlling noise,will be developed to some degree.Recently,people pay more attention to the light railway noise.How to install the sound barrier effectively so as to make the noise reduction more effective has become an urgent research topic.Starting with the analysis of the noise reduction principle,this paper studied the influence of light railway sound barrier on light railway’s noise reduction effect in the three aspects:height,position,sound absorbing material.Thia page have worked out two precepts,the source is infinite line source,which use shall 03 shape of Germany(the centye of the railway);this two precepts use englong shaped and absorbing noise barrier,insulate material is steel and glass, absorbing material is super glass cotton with fibre holes.The first precept,the hight of noise barrier is 4m,the insert loss from the first floor to the senventh floor is 19.41dB(A)~15.97dB(A);the second precept,the hight of noise barrier is 4.5m,the insert loss from the first floor to the senventh floor is19.97dB(A)~15.99dB(A).the first precept is better,because the effect of noise reduction and the economy effect.From the analysis,we can achieve:the effect of noise reduction will more better,when the noise barrier is installed as near as the source,enhight the barrier, sound absorbing material is laid the inside of the barrier.At the last,this page introduces the design object and the calculate method of the barrier,and checks the main bearing assembly’s intension and connection if satisfied the require of using.

经典句子中英互译 篇3

i prefer to rely on its own strength to open my future, rather than those who favor a strong demand. - victor hugo

no matter what we step on stilts, do not have their own feet will not do. - brecht

the most fiery hell is for those who test in the great spirit of those who remain neutral in the preparations. - dante

self-confidence is the first secret of success. - ralph waldo emerson i have only one advice to you - do your own master. - napoleon

self-confidence and hope that is the prerogative of youth. - dumas

stubborn as well, their own thinking tomorrow will know today. - g. b.

we have confidence in ourselves, others will allow initiation of our confidence in the green shoot. - ancient拉劳shifu

in addition to personality, the biggest loss of life than to lose a confidence. -培尔辛

those who have confidence can be of little of a great, for the magic of mediocrity. - george bernard shaw

strong confidence that will enable ordinary people to make amazing career. - martens

columbus found a world, do not use charts, he is in the sky clearing up doubts “confidence.” -桑塔雅娜

i can float in the morass of life without depression sewage is my confidence. - dante

in any case, the “rumor” dumb can not scare me. - lu xun

天生我材必有用. - li han de-chi, who knew that he was prescribed. - old dan “lao zi”

patriots qualities of gas, should not sell ourselves short. - zhuge liang

who better to rely on self-reliance also. (rely on, rely on.) - pre-qin dynasty “hanfeizi & mi

地球上的任何一点离太阳都同样地遥远。——伯顿我宁愿靠自己的力量打开我的前途,而不愿求有力者的垂青。——雨果不管我们踩什么样的高跷,没有自己的脚是不行的。——布莱希特

地狱中最炽热的地方是为那些在伟大精神考验中保持中立的人准备的。——但丁自信就是成功的第一秘诀。——爱默生我只有一个忠告给你——做你自己的主人。——拿破仑

自信和希望是青年的特权。——大仲马

固执也有好处,自己明天的思想今天可以知道。——g.b.

我们对自己抱有的信心,将使别人对我们萌生信心的绿芽。——拉劳士福古

除了人格以外,人生最大的损失,莫过于失掉自信心了。——培尔辛

有信心的人,可以化渺小为伟大,化平庸为神奇。——萧伯纳

坚决的信心,能使平凡的人们,做出惊人的事业。——马尔顿

哥伦布发现了一个世界,却没有用海图,他用的是在天空中释疑解惑的“信心”。——桑塔雅娜

能够使我飘浮于人生的泥沼中而不致陷污的,是我的信心。——但丁

无论如何,“流言”总不能吓哑我的。——鲁迅

天生我材必有用。——李白

知人者智,自知者明。——老聃《老子》

迟到的祝福中英互译 篇4

Last week, our school arranged a camping for us, so I went to camping for a two days.On the first day, I had a good time with my classmates, we played some games, we shared our funny life experience.When my friend talked about her mom, suddenly, I thought of my mother’s birthday, today was her birthday, I almost forgot about it, I wanted to send her my best wishes, but it was nearly 10 pm, it seemed too late.My friend suggested me to call my mom, she said though it was late, it was better than not to do.So I called my mom, I sent my wishes, she was so happy.I made the right decision.上周,学校给我们安排了一次露营,因此我去露营两天。在第一天,我和同学们过得很开心,我们玩了很多游戏,并且分享我们有趣的生活经历。当我朋友谈到她母亲的时候,突然,我想到了妈妈的生日,今天是她的生日,我差点就忘记了,我想要给她送上我最好的祝福,但是时间已经接近晚上十点,已经很晚了。我的朋友建议我给妈妈打个电话,她说虽然迟,但是比不做好。因此我打电话给妈妈,她很开心。我做了正确的决定。

唯美的爱情语录中英互译 篇5

一个人总要走陌生的路,看陌生的风景,听陌生的歌,然后在某个不经意的瞬间,你会发现,原本是费尽心机想要忘记的事情真的就那么忘记了。

One is always on a strange road, watching strange scenery and listeningto strange music. Then one day, you will find that the things you tryhard to forget are already gone.

曾经拥有的,不要忘记。不能得到的,更要珍惜。属于自己的,不要放弃。已经失去的,留作回忆。爱情人生感悟

Dont forget the things you once you owned. Treasure the things you cant get. Dont give up the things that belong to you and keep those lost things in memory.

我们每个人都生活在各自的过去中,人们会用一分钟的时间去认识一个人,用一小时的时间去喜欢一个人,再用一天的时间去爱上一个人,到最后呢,却要用一辈子的时间去忘记一个人。

We all live in the past. We take a minute to know someone, one hour to like someone, and one day to love someone, but the whole life to forget someone.

男人的爱是俯视而生,而女人的爱是仰视而生。如果爱情像座山,那么男人越往上走可以俯视的女人就越多,而女人越往上走可以仰视的男人就越少。

Men love from overlooking while women love from looking up. If love isa mountain, then if men go up, more women they will see while women will see fewer men.

年轻的时候会想要谈很多次恋爱,但是随着年龄的增长,终于领悟到爱一个人,就算用一辈子的时间,还是会嫌不够。慢慢地去了解这个人,体谅这个人,直到爱上为止,是需要有非常宽大的胸襟才行。

When you are young, you may want several love experiences. But as time goes on, you will realize that if you really love someone, the whole life will not be enough. You need time to know, to forgive and to love.All this needs a very big mind.

在自己面前,应该一直留有一个地方,独自留在那里。然后去爱。不知道是什么,不知道是谁,不知道如何去爱,也不知道可以爱多久。只是等待一次爱情,也许永远都没有人。可是,这种等待,就是爱情本身。

We shall always save a place for ourselves, only for ourselves. And then begin to love. Have no idea of what it is, who he is, how to loveor how long it will be. Just wait for one love. Maybe no one will come out, but this kind of waiting is the love itself.

离开我就别安慰我,要知道每一次缝补也会遭遇穿刺的痛。

If you leave me, please dont comfort me because each sewing has to meet stinging pain.

有谁不曾为那暗恋而痛苦?我们总以为那份痴情很重,很重,是世上最重的重量。有一天,暮然回首,我们才发现,它一直都是很轻,很轻的`。我们以为爱的很深,很深,来日岁月,会让你知道,它不过很浅,很浅。最深和最重的爱,必须和时日一起成长。

Is there anyone who hasnt suffered for the secret love? We always think that love is very heavy, heavy and could be the heaviest thing inthe world. But one day, when you look back, you suddenly realize that its always light, light. We all thought love was very deep, but in fact its very thin. The deepest and heaviest love must grow up withthe time.

好的爱情是你通过一个人看到整个世界,坏的爱情是你为了一个人舍弃世界。

Good love makes you see the whole world from one person while bad love makes you abandon the whole world for one person.

女人如果不性感,就要感性;如果没有感性,就要理性;如果没有理性,就要有自知之明;如果连这个都没有了,她只有不幸。

If a woman is not se-xy, she needs emotion; if she is not emotional, she needs reason; if she is not reasonable, she has to know herself clearly, cause only she has is misfortune. 我爱你不是因为你是谁,而是我在你面前可以是谁。

I love you not for who you are, but for who I am before you.

幸福,不是长生不老,不是大鱼大肉,不是权倾朝野。幸福是每一个微小的生活愿望达成。当你想吃的时候有得吃,想被爱的时候有人来爱你。

Happineis not about being immortal nor having food or rights in ones hand. Its about having each tiny wish come true, or having something to eat when you are hungry or having someones love when you need love.

举得起放得下的叫举重,举得起放不下的叫负重。可惜,大多数人的爱情,都是负重的。

If you can hold something up and put it down, it is called weight-lifting; if you can hold something up but can never put it down,its called burden-bearing. Pitifully, most of people are bearing heavy burdens when they are in love.

爱情是灯,友情是影子,当灯灭了,你会发现你的周围都是影子。朋友,是在最后可以给你力量的人。

Love is a lamp, while friendship is the shadow. When the lamp is off, you will find the shadow everywhere. Friend is who can give you strength at last.

一个人一生可以爱上很多的人,等你获得真正属于你的幸福之后,你就会明白一起的伤痛其实是一种财富,它让你学会更好地去把握和珍惜你爱的人。

One may fall in love with many people during the lifetime. When you finally get your own happiness, you will understand the previous sadneis kind of treasure, which makes you better to hold and cherish the people you love.

爱情,要么让人成熟,要么让人堕落。

Love makes man grow up or sink down.

当明天变成了今天成为了昨天,最后成为记忆里不再重要的某一天,我们突然发现自己在不知不觉中已被时间推着向前走,这不是静止火车里,与相邻列车交错时,仿佛自己在前进的错觉,而是我们真实的在成长,在这件事里成了另一个自己。关于爱情的句子

国际结算部分术语中英互译 篇6

International Settlement Endorsement Endorsee Dishonor Remitter

Remitting Bank Reversing Bank Mail Transfer, M/T

Payment in Advance Be sold up

Documentary Collection

Document against Acceptance, D/A Trust Receipt, T/R Expiry Date Packing Loan Credit Line

国际结算Correspondent Bank 背书Endorser

被背书人Holder of value 拒付Remittance 汇付人Beneficiary 汇出行Paying Bank

中间行Telegraphic Transfer, T/T

信汇Remittance by Banker’s Demand Draft, D/D 预付货款Open Account Transaction, O/A 售定Consignment

跟单托收Document against Payment, D/P 承兑交单Collection Bill Purchased 信托收据SWIFT

有效期限Documentary L/C 打包放款Outward Bill 开征授信额度

代理行 背书人

付过对价持票人 汇付 受益人 汇入行 电汇 票汇

货到付款,赊销 寄售

付款交单 托收出口押汇

给自己鼓励的话中英互译 篇7

1、Time is money.一寸光阴一寸金。

2、24.Make hay while the sun shines.晒草要趁太阳好。

3、A handful of common sense is worth a bushel of learning.少量的常识,当得大量的学问。

4、A work ill done must be twice done.首次做不好,必须重新搞。

5、All time is no time when it is past.光阴一去不复返。

6、Better master one than engage with ten.会十事,不如精一事。

7、Business makes a man as well as tries him.事业可以考验人,也可以造就人。

8、Business may be troublesome,but idleness is pernicious.事业虽扰人,懒惰害更大。

9、Business neglected is business lost.忽视职业便是放弃职业。

专业英语中英文互译 篇8

Let us not forget our vow before God.

I want your most tender love

To wrap around my heart like plantain peel

And your love as strong as pure steel

To build a wall in the flux of life.

Let the autumn wind cover the garden with sere leaves,

Let termites eat away carved pillars a thousand years old.

Even if a lightning bolt shattered the universe one day,

It could not shatter our freedom behind the wall of love.

★ 徐志摩《云游》诗歌赏析

★ 徐志摩的经典语录汇集赏析

★ 徐志摩的雪花的快乐的赏析

★ 《忆江南·歌起处》赏析

★ 柏,柏钱起,柏的意思,柏赏析

★ 徐志摩笔名

★ 心愿墙范文

★ 徐志摩老师

★ 徐志摩现代诗

专业英语中英文互译 篇9

英语专业

《中英应用文比较与互译》课程教学大纲

一、课程说明

本课程是英语专业的一门专业选修课。

本课程是一门实践性很强的课程。本课程的主要特点是实践性强,实用性突出。教学内容涵盖了各种常见的应用文文体,比较侧重对篇章的分析与研究,从文体的角度探讨各类文字的不同特点和翻译方法教学。

本课程的先修课程是:英语写作基础、英汉翻译基础等。

本课程的教学时间安排是:每周2节课,计划教学周数18周,总课时数36学时。

本课程总学分数:2学分。

二、学时分配表

教学内容 授课学时 第一章 应用文的文体特点与翻译第二章 中英信函的比较与互译

第三章 中英各种证明书的比较与互译第四章 中英各种卡片的比较与互译

第五章 中英便函、便条、留言的比较与互译

第六章 中英通知、启事、海报的比较与互译

第七章 中英会议记录、报告、工作总结的比较与互译

第八章 中英收条、欠条的比较与互译第九章 中英电报的比较与互译

第十章 中英合同、协议的比较与互译第十一章 中英规则、指南、说明的比较与互译第十二章 中英演讲的比较与互译第十三章 中英新闻文体的比较与互译第十四章 中英广告文体的比较与互译

合计 36

三、教学目的与要求

本课程旨在使学生熟悉中英各种常见的应用文文体,了解中英应用文的异同点,通过一定数量的训练,使学生能够熟练地掌握应用文英汉、汉英翻译的一些技巧,熟练地翻译出各种应用文,为学生的就业和日后的工作、学习提供有力的帮助。

通过本课程的学习,学生应该能够知道应用文的内涵,了解中英各种类型的应用文的特点及写作规律,能够对二者进行比较,并且积累中英应用文互译的一些方法。通过大量的口头、笔头的训练,学生应该能够较为熟练地进行应用文英汉、汉英的互译。

本课程各章的教学要求和知识考核点如下: 第一章 应用文的文体特点与翻译

本章介绍应用文的基本知识(定义、分类、写作特点),应用文翻译的基本要求。

本章的主要知识点:应用文翻译的基本要求。

难点:如何在实践中把握应用文翻译的基本要求。

第二章 中英信函的比较与互译

本章介绍信函的基本知识(分类、结构),信函的写作特点,中英信函的异同点的比较,以及中英信函互译的技巧。

本章的主要知识点:中英信函的异同点的比较以及互译的技巧。

难点:用恰当的语言翻译中英信函。

第三章 中英各种证明书的比较与互译

本章介绍证明书的基本知识(分类、结构),证明书的写作特点,以及互译的技巧。

本章的主要知识点:证明书的写作特点。

难点:证明书的写作。

第四章 中英各种卡片的比较与互译

本章介绍卡片的基本知识(分类、结构),卡片的写作特点,以及互译的技巧。

本章的主要知识点:中英各种卡片的写作。

难点:如何正确地写中英各种卡片祝语。

第五章 中英便函、便条、留言的比较与互译

本章介绍便函、便条、留言的基本知识(分类、结构),写作特点,以及互译的技巧。

本章的主要知识点:中英便函、便条、留言的写作。

难点:如何正确地写中英便函、便条、留言。

第六章 中英通知、启事、海报的比较与互译

本章介绍通知、启事、海报的基本知识(分类、结构),写作特点,以及互译的技巧。

本章的主要知识点:中英通知、启事、海报的写作。

难点:如何正确地写中英通知、启事、海报。

第七章 中英会议记录、报告、工作总结的比较与互译

本章介绍会议记录、报告、工作总结的基本知识(分类、结构),写作特点,以及翻译技巧。

本章的主要知识点:会议记录、报告、工作总结的写作特点。

难点:如何用英文写会议记录、报告、工作总结。

第八章 中英收条、欠条的比较与互译

本章介绍中英收条、欠条的写作方法与互译。

本章的主要知识点:中英收条、欠条的写作方法与互译。

难点:中英收条、欠条的写作方法。

第九章 中英电报的比较与互译

本章介绍中英电报的写作方法与互译技巧。

本章的主要知识点:中英电报的写作方法与互译技巧。

难点:中英电报的写作方法。

第十章 中英合同、协议的比较与互译

本章介绍合同、协议的基本知识(定义、结构、特点),中英合同、协议的比较与互译技巧。

本章的主要知识点:中英合同、协议的英汉翻译。

难点:如何用恰当的语言翻译合同、协议。

第十一章 中英规则、指南、说明的比较与互译

本章介绍中英规则、指南、说明的比较,以及英汉、汉英翻译技巧。

本章的主要知识点:中英规则、指南、说明的比较。

难点:如何用恰当的语言翻译规则、指南、说明。

第十二章 中英演讲的比较与互译

本章介绍演讲的基本知识(历史、结构、特点),中英演讲文体的比较,以及演讲文体互译的技巧。

本章的主要知识点:中英演讲文体的比较。

难点:如何用恰当的语言翻译演讲文体。

第十三章 中英新闻文体的比较与互译

本章介绍新闻的基本知识(定义、结构、特点),中英新闻文体的比较,以及新闻文体互译的技巧。

本章的主要知识点:新闻的基本知识、中英新闻文体的比较。

难点:如何用准确的措辞翻译新闻。

第十四章 中英广告文体的比较与互译

本章介绍广告文体的特点,中英广告文体的比较,以及广告文体互译的技巧。

本章的主要知识点:中英广告文体的比较。

难点:广告文体互译的技巧。

四、教学内容纲要

第一章 应用文的文体特点与翻译

第二章 中英信函的比较与互译

2.1 英语信函的特点与翻译方法

2.2 社交信函(Social Letters)2.2.1 邀请信

2.2.2 祝贺信

2.2.3 感谢信 2.2.4 道歉信

2.2.5 慰问信和吊唁信

2.3 事务信函

2.3.1留学申请信

2.3.2奖学金申请信

2.3.3求职信

2.3.4推荐信

2.3.5辞职信

2.3.6介绍信

第三章 中英各种证明书的比较与互译

3.1 一般证明书

3.2 出生证明书

3.3 就读证明书

3.4 学历证明书

3.5 经历证明书

3.6 结婚证明书和离婚证明书

3.7 证明印章和签字的真实性

第四章 中英各种卡片的比较与互译

4.1 请帖与婉谢邀请请帖

4.2 新年贺卡和圣诞节贺卡

4.3 生日贺卡

4.4 礼卡

4.5 结婚贺卡

4.6 教师节贺卡

4.7 母亲节贺卡

4.8 名片

第五章 中英便函、便条、留言的比较与互译

5.1 便函 5.2 便条 5.3 留言

第六章 中英通知、启事、海报的比较与互译

6.1 通知 6.2 启示 6.3 海报

第七章 中英会议记录、报告、工作总结的比较与互译

7.1 会议记录

7.2 报告 7.3 工作总结第八章 中英收条、欠条的比较与互译

8.1 收条

8.2 欠条

第九章 中英电报的比较与互译

第十章 中英合同、协议的比较与互译

10.1 合同

10.2 协议

第十一章 中英规则、指南、说明的比较与互译

11.1 规则

11.2 指南

11.3 说明

第十二章 中英演讲的比较与互译

第十三章 中英新闻文体的比较与互译

第十四章 中英广告文体的比较与互译

五、测试说明

测试成绩分平时成绩和期末考试成绩,所占分数比例分别为20%和80%。平时成绩主要依据为课堂出勤率、课下作业完成情况以及平时小测的成绩。期末测试内容包括本教学大纲规定的各种应用文的写作和中英各种应用文的互译,主要测试学生运用英汉两种语言表达的能力和相关翻译技巧的能力。

六、课程教材

教 材:

陈新.英汉文体翻译教程.北京大学出版社,1999 参考书:

熊益新.英文应用文文体写作技法与范例全书(2,3).中国环境科学出版社,2001

七、其他说明

机械专业英语文章中英文对照 篇10

NUMERICAL CONTROL

Numerical control(N/C)is a form of programmable automation in which the processing equipment is controlled by means of numbers, letters, and other symbols, The numbers, letters, and symbols are coded in an appropriate format to define a program of instructions for a particular work part or job.When the job changes, the program of instructions is changed.The capability to change the program is what makes N/C suitable for low-and medium-volume production.It is much easier to write programs than to make major alterations of the processing equipment.There are two basic types of numerically controlled machine tools:point—to—point and continuous—path(also called contouring).Point—to—point machines use unsynchronized motors, with the result that the position of the machining head Can be assured only upon completion of a movement, or while only one motor is running.Machines of this type are principally used for straight—line cuts or for drilling or boring.The N/C system consists of the following components:data input, the tape reader with the control unit, feedback devices, and the metal—cutting machine tool or other type of N/C equipment.Data input, also called “man—to—control link”, may be provided to the machine tool manually, or entirely by automatic means.Manual methods when used as the sole source of input data are restricted to a relatively small number of inputs.Examples of manually operated devices are keyboard dials, pushbuttons, switches, or thumbwheel selectors.These are located on a console near the machine.Dials ale analog devices usually connected to a syn-chro-type resolver or potentiometer.In most cases, pushbuttons, switches, and other similar types of selectors are digital input devices.Manual input requires that the operator set the controls for each operation.It is a slow and tedious process and is seldom justified except in elementary machining applications or in special cases.In practically all cases, information is automatically supplied to the control unit and the machine tool by cards, punched tapes, or by magnetic tape.Eight—channel punched paper tape is the most commonly used form of data input for conventional N/C systems.The coded instructions on the tape consist of sections of punched holes called blocks.Each block represents a machine function, a machining operation, or a combination of the two.The entire N/C program on a tape is made up of an accumulation of these successive data blocks.Programs resulting in long tapes all wound on reels like motion-picture film.Programs on relatively short tapes may be continuously repeated by joining the two ends of the tape to form a loop.Once installed, the tape is used again and again without further handling.In this case, the operator simply loads and1

unloads the parts.Punched tapes ale prepared on type writers with special tape—punching attachments or in tape punching units connected directly to a computer system.Tape production is rarely error-free.Errors may be initially caused by the part programmer, in card punching or compilation, or as a result of physical damage to the tape during handling, etc.Several trial runs are often necessary to remove all errors and produce an acceptable working tape.While the data on the tape is fed automatically, the actual programming steps ale done manually.Before the coded tape may be prepared, the programmer, often working with a planner or a process engineer, must select the appropriate N/C machine tool, determine the kind of material to be machined, calculate the speeds and feeds, and decide upon the type of tooling needed.The dimensions on the part print are closely examined to determine a suitable zero reference point from which to start the program.A program manuscript is then written which gives coded numerical instructions describing the sequence of operations that the machine tool is required to follow to cut the part to the drawing specifications.The control unit receives and stores all coded data until a complete block of information has been accumulated.It then interprets the coded instruction and directs the machine tool through the required motions.The function of the control unit may be better understood by comparing it to the action of a dial telephone, where, as each digit is dialed, it is stored.When the entire number has been dialed, the equipment becomes activated and the call is completed.Silicon photo diodes, located in the tape reader head on the control unit, detect light as it passes through the holes in the moving tape.The light beams are converted to electrical energy, which is amplified to further strengthen the signal.The signals are then sent to registers in the control unit, where actuation signals are relayed to the machine tool drives.Some photoelectric devices are capable of reading at rates up to 1000 characters per second.High reading rates are necessary to maintain continuous machine—tool motion;otherwise dwell marks may be generated by the cutter on the part during contouring operations.The reading device must be capable of reading data blocks at a rate faster than the control system can process the data.A feedback device is a safeguard used on some N/C installations to constantly compensate for errors between the commanded position and the actual location of the moving slides of the machine tool.An N/C machine equipped with this kind of a direct feedback checking device has what is known as a closed-loop system.Positioning control is accomplished by a sensor which, during the actual operation, records the position of the slides and relays this information back to the control unit.Signals thus received ale compared to input signals on the tape, and any discrepancy between them is automatically rectified.In an alternative system, called an open—loop system, the machine is positioned solely by stepping motor drives in response to commands by a controllers.There is one basic type of NC motions.Point-to-point or Positional Control In point-to-point control the machine tool elements(tools, table, etc.)are moved to programmed locations and the machining operations performed

after the motions are completed.The path or speed of movement between locations is unimportant;only the coordinates of the end points of the motions are accurately controlled.This type of control is suitable for drill presses and some boring machines, where drilling, tapping, or boring operations must be performed at various locations on the work piece.Straight-Line or Linear Control Straight-Line control systems are able to move the cutting tool parallel to one of the major axes of the machine tool at a controlled rate suitable for machining.It is normally only possible to move in one direction at a time, so angular cuts on the work piece are not possible, consequently, for milling machines, only rectangular configurations can be machined or for lathes only surfaces parallel or perpendicular to the spindle axis can be machined.This type of controlled motion is often referred to as linear control or a half-axis of control.Machines with this form of control are also capable of point-to-point control.The original N/C used the closed—loop system.Of the two systems, closed and open loop, closed loop is more accurate and, as a consequence, is generally more expensive.Initially, open—loop systems were used almost entirely for light-duty applications because of inherent power limitations previously associated with conventional electric stepping motors.Recent advances in the development of electro hydraulic stepping motors have led to increasingly heavier machine load applications.中文译文

数控技术

数控是可编程自动化技术的一种形式,通过数字、字母和其他符号来控制加工设备。数字、字母和符号用适当的格式编码为一个特定工件定义指令程序。当工件改变时,指令程序就改变。这种改变程序的能力使数控适合于中、小批量生产,写一段新程序远比对加工设备做大的改动容易得多。

数控机床有两种基本形式:点位控制和连续控制(也称为轮廓控制)。点位控制机床采用异步电动机,因此,主轴的定位只能通过完成一个运动或一个电动机的转动来实现。这种机床主要用于直线切削或钻孔、镗孔等场合。

数控系统由下列组件组成:数据输入装置,带控制单元的磁带阅读机,反馈装置和切削机床或其他形式的数控设备。

数据输人装置,也称“人机联系装置”,可用人工或全自动方法向机床提供数据。人工方法作为输人数据唯一方法时,只限于少量输入。人工输入装置有键盘,拨号盘,按钮,开关或拨轮选择开关,这些都位于机床附近的一个控制台上。拨号盘通常连到一个同步解析器或电位计的模拟装置上。在大多数情况下,按钮、开关和其他类似的旋钮是数据输入元件。人工输入需要操作者控制每个操作,这是一个既慢又单调的过程,除了简单加工场合或特殊情况,已很少使用。

几乎所有情况下,信息都是通过卡片、穿孔纸带或磁带自动提供给控制单元。在传统的数控系统中,八信道穿孔纸带是最常用的数据输入形式,纸带上的编码指令由一系列称为程序块的穿孔组成。每一个程序块代表一种加工功能、一种操作或两者的组合。纸带上的整个数控程序由这些连续数据单元连接而成。带有程序的长带子像电影胶片一样绕在盘子上,相对较短的带子上的程序可通过将纸带两端连接形成一个循环而连续不断地重复使用。带子一旦安装好,就可反复使用而无需进一步处理。此时,操作者只是简单地上、下工件。穿孔纸带是在带有特制穿孔附件的打字机或直接连到计算机上的纸带穿孔装置上做成的。纸带制造很少不出错,错误可能由编程、卡片穿孔或编码、纸带穿孔时的物理损害等形成。通常,必须要试走几次来排除错误,才能得到一个可用的工作纸带。

虽然纸带上的数据是自动进给的,但实际编程却是手工完成的,在编码纸带做好前,编程者经常要和一个计划人员或工艺工程师一起工作,选择合适的数控机床,决定加工材料,计算切削速度和进给速度,决定所需刀具类型,仔细阅读零件图上尺寸,定下合适的程序开始的零参考点,然后写出程序清单,其上记载有描述加工顺序的编码数控指令,机床按顺序加工工件到图样要求。

控制单元接受和储存编码数据,直至形成一个完整的信息程序块,然后解释数控指令,并引导机床得到所需运动。

为更好理解控制单元的作用,可将它与拨号电话进行比较,即每拨一个数字,就储存一个,当整个数字拨好后,电话就被激活,也就完成了呼叫。

装在控制单元里的纸带阅读机,通过其内的硅光二极管,检测到穿过移动纸带上的孔漏

过的光线,将光束转变成电能,并通过放大来进一步加强信号,然后将信号送到控制单元里的寄存器,由它将动作信号传到机床驱动装置。

有些光电装置能以高达每秒1000个字节的速度阅读,这对保持机床连续动作是必须的,否则,在轮廓加工时,刀具可能在工件上产生划痕。阅读装置必须要能以比控制系统处理数据更快的速度来阅读数据程序块。

反馈装置是用在一些数控设备上的安全装置,它可连续补偿控制位置与机床运动滑台的实际位置之间的误差。装有这种直接反馈检查装置的数控机床有一个闭环系统装置。位置控制通过传感器实现,在实际工作时,记录下滑台的位置,并将这些信息送回控制单元。接受到的信号与纸带输入的信号相比较,它们之间的任何偏差都可得到纠正。

在另一个称为开环的系统中,机床仅由响应控制器命令的步进电动机驱动定位,工件的精度几乎完全取决于丝杠的精度和机床结构的刚度。有几个理由可以说明步进电机是一个自动化申请的非常有用的驱动装置。对于一件事物,它被不连续直流电压脉冲驱使,是来自数传计算机和其他的自动化的非常方便的输出控制系统。当多数是索引或其他的自动化申请所必备者的时候,步进电机对运行一个精确的有角进步也是理想的。因为控制系统不需要监听就提供特定的输出指令而且期待系统适当地反应的公开-环操作造成一个回应环,步进电机是理想的。一些工业的机械手使用高抬腿运步的马乘汽车驾驶员,而且步进电机是有用的在数字受约束的工作母机中。这些申请的大部分是公开-环 ,但是雇用回应环检测受到驱策的成份位置是可能的。环的一个分析者把真实的位置与需要的位置作比较,而且不同是考虑过的错误。那然后驾驶员能发行对步进电机的电脉冲,直到错误被减少对准零位。在这个系统中,没有信息反馈到控制单元的自矫正过程。出现误动作时,控制单元继续发出电脉冲。比如,一台数控铣床的工作台突然过载,阻力矩超过电机转矩时,将没有响应信号送回到控制器。因为,步进电机对载荷变化不敏感,所以许多数控系统设计允许电机停转。然而,尽管有可能损坏机床结构或机械传动系统,也有使用带有特高转矩步进电机的其他系统,此时,电动机有足够能力来应付系统中任何偶然事故。

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