高三复习语法专项系列----介词和连词

2024-08-14

高三复习语法专项系列----介词和连词(精选2篇)

高三复习语法专项系列----介词和连词 篇1

1. 介词的分类 (在句中作定语, 状语, 补语和表语)

单个介词: at , by, for, from, in, of , on , to , with

复合介词: into, onto, within, out of

双重介词: from under, since before, until after

介词短语: in front of, because of, according to

分词作介词: including , considering , concerning

2. across , through over

across 在一个空间内从一端到另一端或成十字交叉穿过

through着重指从中间或空间穿过

over 指从一个物体的一边到另一边的越过

3. about , on, of

about表示的内容多为普通,不太正式 有”述及”的意思

on 多用于慎重的正式的语言交际场合.常见于”学说上的”论文或演说等题目.有论及的意思

of 作关于讲, 表示体积,设计某人/事时, 只表示事情存在或发生,并不涉及详情.有时与about可互换 ,常与动词know, hear, learn, speak, talk, think, tell等.

但注意区别:

talk of / talk about think of/ think about

4. except , except for, except that, but , besides, beside

except 除了---之外都/都不/没有 可接名词,代词, 介词短语,副词或不定式 , 不定式常省to.

except for 除了,要不是 常接名词性短语

except that 常接从句,也可接when where 等词引导的从句

but 多用在代词(主要是不定代词,否定代词或疑问代词)后

besides 除了---之外还有/包括 还可用作副词,相当于 , 有”而且,加之,何况”的意思.

Beside 表示在---附近,

5. including , included

including 是一个介词, 意思是: 包括, 一般放在包括对象的前面

included 是一个过去分词, 用于被动语态中或放在包括对象的后面.

6. in, after, later

in 表示一段时间之后, 常用于一般将来时和过去将来时中.

after 表某一时刻后, 后跟”时间点”, 常用于一般将来时或一般过去时中;

也可表示某一段时间后, 后跟”一段时间”, 用于一般过去时.

later 后跟一个具体的时间为起点

7. in, with, by

in指用”语言,字体,墨水, 体裁, 风格, 方式,现金, 顺序”等.

with 指用具体的或有形的工具,器官等, 有时也可表示用某种手段或音调等.

by 表示用方式,手段等.后常接动名词,后接就名词时,名词前不加修饰语.

8. toward (s) , to , for

to 和toward(s)用来表示静态的方向, 可以换用, 但和表示位置转移的动词如: go , come, move, run, return, walk,等连用是, to 有到达之意, 而toward(s) 只表示运动方向, 无到达之意.

for 一般用语动词leave , sail, start 及短语set off, set out, start out, start off 等短语后表示方向.

9. under/over , below/above

below 是on a lower level than 的 意思, 表示在下方位置地狱某物. 不强调直上直下, 反义词是above .

under 有directly below 的含义, 表示垂直在下方, 反义词是: over.

10. 表原因的介词:because of , for, at, by, with, owing to, thanks to, out of 的区别

① because of 表示引起结果的直接原因 意义与连词because 相同.

② for表示内在的, 心理上的饿原因, 常与表示喜怒哀乐等的情感名词连用, 还可表示某种动作或结果的起因. 而连词for 则表示某种结果的补充理由或显而易见的原因.

③ at表示外部的, 尤其是暴力的或无意中造成某种结果的原因.

④ by表示某种情绪或从做的起因, 多与喜怒哀乐等词连用,有”听到,看到---”

⑤ with指胜利上或情感上的外界到内心的原因, 有 “随着---”

⑥ owing to相当于because of , 多表示某种不良后果的原因. 也有 “欠-钱”的意思

⑦ thanks to表示引起某种幸运结果的原因, 有 “幸亏---, 多亏了---”的意思

⑧ 表示动机的起因,常译为 “出于---”

二. 连词:

连词的种类:

并列连词: and, or, but, while(然而), for, therefore,

both – and---, not only --- but (also)--, as well as, and --- as well,

not ---nor--- , whether---or---, either---or--- , neither---nor---,

从属连词: (连接状语从句的连词)

时间: when , while, as, after, before, since(自从), until, till, as soon as, once

hardly ---when, no sooner ---than , the moment, the minute

地点: where,

原因: because, as, since(既然)=now that ,

条件: if, even if, unless, as long as=on condition that , in case, supposing, provided that

目的:so that , in order that , for fear that, so

结果: so ---- that, such ---- that

让步: though, although, however + adj. ---, even if, whatever,

no matter+ ---,

方式: as (象---一样), just as, as if/ though

比较: as---as---, the same---as---, so --- as---, the more---, the more---

1. because , since, as, for

① because表示直接明确的原因或理由,语气最强.

② since强调结果, 不强调原因, since 表示自然的因果关系,意为 “既然”.

③ as也是只强调结果, 不强调原因, 语气最弱, 用于常谈中, 讲话人认为某种理由很明显或对方很熟悉,不需要突出.

④ for是并列连词, 只表示一种推测. 其前的分句常是must have done 或must do

注意点: 只有表示一种直接的 原因或理由, 用它来回答why的疑问句, 也只有可有放在强调句中, 使它成为强调的对象, 而其他的不能.

2. if , whether

引导条件状语时只用if,

作是否的意思时, 注意几种只用whether的情况.

3. or , and

① 否定句中连接并列成分一般用or

② 当一个句子中出现了两个否定词时, 或两个并列成分都有否定时, 用and 连接, 表示的是全部否定.

③ And 连接的两个主语表示的是两者以上的人物时, 谓语用复数,而 or连接时, 谓语 则要与邻近的主语一致.

4. such as, for example, and so on , namely

① such as 列举部分, 可以是一个也可以是多个

② for example列举单个人或事物外,还可列举一个完整的事件或一系列人物. 常用逗号隔开.

③ and so on列举部分, 常放在列举部分后.

④ namely必须列出全部内容.

5. because, as, since 不能和so连用, though 不能和but 连用, 但是therefore, then, yet 可以和他们连用.

6. 一些名词短语 : the moment , the minute ,等也可连接状语从句.

7. when, as, while

while 常跟延续性动词连用,

when可跟延续或短暂性动词连用, 还有就在此时的意思: 搭配为:

be about to/be doing/ be on the point of doing --- when

as指两个动作是同时进行有 “一边--- 一边--- ”的意思

8. so that / in order that + 从句

so as to / in order to + 动词(短语) 注意: so as to 不可放在句首.

中考英语语法详解三:介词、连词 篇2

一、介词

1. 介词概述:介词表示它与后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。介词是虚词,不能单独做句子成分。介词在英语中用法很活,也无一定规律可循。在初中范围内还应学一个记住一个,特别是那些和动词的特殊搭配。

2. 常用介词的意义和用法。

⑴ 时间或地点介词in、on、at的用法区别:

表示时间时, in表示在一段时间里(在将来时句子中则表示在一段时间之后), on表示在具体的某一天或者某天的上下午等, at表示在某个时刻或者瞬间;

表示地点时, in表示在某个范围之内, on表示在某个平面上或与一个面相接触,at则表示在某个具体的场所或地点。如:

He was born on the night of May 10th.

I usually get up at 7:00 in the morning.

His glasses are on the desk.

My brother is at the bus stop.

⑵ after与in表示时间的用法区别:“after+(具体时刻/从句)”表示“在…时刻之后”常用于一般过去时态;“in+(一段时间)”表示“在(多久)之后”,常用于将来时态。如:

He said that he would come back after 6:00.

My father is coming back from Astralia in about a month.

⑶ since与for表示时间的用法区别:“since+(具体时刻/that-从句)”表示“自从…起一直到现在”,“for +(一段时间)”表示“持续一段时间”,都常用于完成时态;如:

My father has worked in this factory since 1970.

My father has worked in this factory for over 30 years.

⑷ by、in与with表示方式的用法区别:都可以表示“工具、手段”,但是by主要表示“乘坐”某个交通工具或“以……方式”,在被动句中可以表示动作的执行者;in表示“使用”某种语言/文字,with表示“使用”某个具体的工具、手段。如:

We write with our hands and walk with our feet.

Please speak in English.

Let’s go to the zoo by bus.

It was invented by Adison.

⑸ about与on的用法区别:都可以表示“有关…”,但是about的意义比较广,而on主要表示“有关…(专题/课程)”。如:

Tom is going to give a speech on the history of China.

They are talking about the English test.

⑹ through与across、over的用法区别: through指“穿过…(门洞/人群/树林)”; across和over可以指“跨越…(街道/河流)”,可互换,但是表示“翻过…”时只能用over. 如:

Just then a kangaroo (鼠)ran across the road.(就在那时一只袋鼠跑过路面)

There is a bridge across/over the river.(河上有座桥)

They climbed over the mountain and arrived there (他们翻过大山到达了那里)/

The visitors went through a big gate into another park.(参观者们穿过一个大门来到另一个公园)

(7)as与like的区别:两个词都表示“像……”,但是as译为“作为……”,表示的是职业、职务、作用等事实,而like译为“像……一样”,表示外表,不是事实。如:

Let me speak to you as a teacher.(我以老师的身份和你讲话。)

Let me speak to you like a teacher.(让我像一位老师一样和你讲话)

(8)in front of 与in the front of:in front of“在…的前面”, 与in the front of“在…的前部”。如:

A group of people was standing in front of the hall.

In the front of the hall stood a group of people.

(12)except与besides的区别:except“除了”,表示排除掉某人物,即不包含;而besides“除了”则表示包含,即“不仅……又……”。如:

Everyone went to the park except Tom.(除了Tom,大家都去了公园)(Tom没有去公园)/

Besides maths he also studied many other subjects.(除了数学之外,他还学其他许多功课)(“数学”也是他学的功课之一)

连词

1.连词概述:连词是一种虚词,用于连接单词,短语或句子,但不单独做句子成分。按照连词的性质,可将连词分为并列连词和从属连词。并列连词如:and,but,or,for等,它们即可连接单词,短语,又可连接句子。从属连词如:when,before ,because等,它们主要引导名词性从句。

2.常见连词的用法:

1)并列连词 的用法: 并列连词有:and, but, or, nor, so, for yet, however, as well as, both…and, not only…but also, either…or, neither…nor, still,

And: 连接单词短语句子 。如:Tom and I study in the same school.

But, or :I have a pen but no pencil. / Would you like coffee or tea?

Nothing but除了,只有: I did nothing but watch it.

Or表示否则:如: Hurry up or you will miss the train.

for 表示后面的句子是原因。如: He is good at piano for he practices harder than others.

Not only…but also 不仅…而且。可并列主、谓、宾、表及句子。主语并列时,谓语要就近一致。如: Not only he but also I am a nurse.

As well as 以及,同样。并列单词、短语、句子。并列主语时,动词要随前面的主语变化 .如:He works as well as he can

Either…or 既…又…,或…或…,并列主、谓、宾、表及状语 ,如:Either come in or go out.

Neither…nor 既不…也不, 并列主、谓、宾、表、状语,并列主语时,谓语就近一致。如:Neither you nor he is lazy.

Both…and 和,既…也,并列主、谓、宾及表语。I can speak both English and French.

nor 也不,引导句子要倒装 。如:He can not play the piano, nor can I.

so 因此,所以,不和because连用。如:You like swimming, so do I.

1) 从属连词的用法: 从属连词有:after, when, before, as, while, since, until, till, if, unless, because, than, that, whether, so that

after 表示“时间”,在…之后。如:After I finished the school, I became a worker in the factory.

Although/though 表示让步, “尽管”。如: Although she is young, she knows a lot.

as 表示时间,“当…时”,方式“象…”,原因,“由于、因为”让步,“尽管、虽然” 。如: As it was rainy, we couldn’t go out now.

As if/as though 表方式,“似乎、好像” 。如: He told us such a story as though he had been there before.

As long as/so long as 表条件,“只要” 。如: As long as I am here, I’ll go to help you.

As soon as 表时间,“一…就…”。如: I will call you as soon as I come back.

because 表原因,“因为”。如: I have to practice more because I am not good at English.

before 表时间,“在…之前’’ 。如: You should think more before you do it.

Even if/ even though 表让步,“即使”。如: You should try again even if you failed.

Hardly…when 表时间,“(刚)一…就”。如: Hardly I entered the gate when the bell rang.

if “假如”,引导条件状语从句。如: We will stay at home if the rain doesn’t stop.

“是否”,引导宾语从句。如; I don’t know if he goes shopping.

In order that 表目的,“为了,以便”。如: We study hard in order that we can pass the exam.

No matter +疑问词 表让步,“无论,不管”。如: No matter what you do, you should try your best.

No sooner…than 表时间,“刚一…就…”。如: No sooner had I come home than it began to rain.

once 表时间,“一旦…”。如: Once you read this book, you’ll never forget it.

since 表时间,“自从…以来”。如: He has been in this city since he left school.

表原因,“既然,由于” 。如: Since the job is dangerous, let’s do it more carefully.

so far as/as far as 表条件,“就…而言,就…而论”。如:As far as I know, it is easy for you to speak in English.

So that 表目的,“以便” 。如: Speak loud so that everybody can hear clearly.

So…that 表结果“如此,以致”。如: He got up so early that he caught the early bus.

than 表示比较,“比” 。如: Things were worse than we thought.

unless 表条件,“除非,如果不” 。如: You will fail in the test unless you study hard.

Until/till 表时间,“直到…为止” 。如: I’ll wait till my mother comes back.

when 表时间,“当…时’’。如: When they got there, the train has left.

whether “是否”引导名词性从句 。如: Whether he can come to see us is unknown.

表让步,“不管/无论、是否”。如:Whether she is rich or poor, she is always happy.

while 表时间,“当…时” 。如: While he was in Beijing, he visited the Great Wall.

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