托福独立写作真题满分

托福独立写作真题满分（共6篇）

托福独立写作真题满分 篇1

题目：

Which do you think is the best way for a student to make friends: joining a sports team, participating in community activities, or traveling?Use specific examples to support your answer.

思路分析：

审题之后会发现这道题目是一个3选1的题目，而且3个选项其实都有不少可以展开的分论点。因此小编就不给大家具体做推荐了，各位同学可以结合自身的认识来选择不同的选项进行展开。当然需要注意的是因为3个选项之间不存在对立关系，都是平行的，所以不需要进行对比式的写法，只盯着其中一个选项展开讨论就足够了。

托福独立写作真题高分范文

Making friends as a student can still be a difficult prospect. Given a choice between joining a sports team, participating in community activities, or traveling, I’d say the best way to make friends is probably getting involved in some community activities.

First of all, not everyone was born to play sports. Some people just aren’t sports people, and while I’d certainly encourage everyone to be physically active, for many, trying to join a sports team will just make of them feel bad about their own lack of ability. In these sorts of cases, whether or not they can feel comfortable enough to make friends depends largely on how supportive the social environment is. As a teenager I played lacrosse in highschool, and despite being lanky and ill-suited for the sport, I had a great time and made many new friends because the people were fun and not overly competitive. But I also played on a soccer team at the time, and the experience was far worse due to the personalities of the other players.

I think most people would have better luck with making friends while traveling, though here you encounter the problem of staying in touch. Making friends on the road has several advantages: You get to meet a wider variety of people than if you had just joined a sport team, and since there’s no competitive pressure, getting to know people can be a much more relaxed process. You also have stories of your travels to relate to people you meet along the way. However, there wouldn’t be that camaraderie that comes from working towards a common goal, and a lot of the people you meet you’ll probably never see again.

That’s why I think getting into community activities is the best of the three options. Similar to what you’d experience in a sports team, you have opportunities to forge bonds while working towards a common goal, but without the high athletic demands of a competitive sport. You also get to meet a larger variety of people than you might find while playing sports time, because they won’t all be athletes. Also, you’re much more likely to see them again compared to people you meet while travelling. And finally, since you’ll likely be doing a range of activities, you’ll have plenty of things to talk about with the new people you meet.

Joining a sports team and traveling can both be helpful if you’re a student looking to make new friends. However, participating in community activities is a balanced compromise between the two, and in my mind that makes it the best option.

托福写作模板：开头段和结尾段

托福写作模板：开头段写作模板

In this argument, the arguer concludes that ______. To support the conclusion, the arguer points out that______. In addition, the arguer reasons that_____.This argument suffers from several critical fallacies.

In this argument, the arguer recommends that_____.To justify this claim, the arguer provides the evidence that ____. In addition, he cites the result of a recent study that _____. A careful examination of this argument would reveal how groundless the conclusion is.

In this analysis, the arguer claims that ____. To substantiate the conclusion, the arguer cites the example that____. In addition, the arguer assumes that ____. This argument is unconvincing for several critical flaws.

In this argument, the arguer advocates that ____. The recommendation is based on the observation that_____. Meanwhile, the arguer assumes that____. The argument is problematic for two reasons.

The conclusion in this argument is that_____. In support of this prediction, the arguer claims that _____.Moreover, the arguer assumes that_____. This argument is fraught with vague, oversimplified and unwarranted assumptions.

托福写作模板：结尾段写作模板

In summary, the conclusion reached in this argument is in valid and misleading. To make the argument more convincing, the arguer would have to prove that_____. Moreover, I would suspend my judgment about the credibility of the recommendation until the arguer can provide concrete evidence that_____. Otherwise, the arguer is simply begging the question throughout the argument.

To conclude, the argument is not persuasive as it stands. Before we accept the conclusion, the arguer must present more facts that_____. To solidify the argument, the arguer would have to produce more evidence concerning____.

As it stands, the argument is not well reasoned. To make it logically acceptable, the arguer would have to demonstrate that ____. Additionally, the arguer must provide evidence to _____.

To sum up, the conclusion lacks credibility because the evidence cited in the analysis does not lend strong support to what the arguer maintains. To strengthen the argument the arguer would have to provide more evidence concerning that_____.

In conclusion, the arguer fails to _____. To strengthen the argument, the arguer would have to provide evidence that____. To better evaluate the argument, we need more information about that____.

托福备考之如何让你的文章更有新意

文章规范的布局

对于托福写作来说，规范的写作布局还是必不可少的。五段三点式文章结构的文章结构，永远就是托福独立写作主线脉络，比如，在托福写作的过程中。中间段落的文章结构就是Transitional words + topic sentence +development。如果考生在平时能熟练运用这样的一个结构来展开作文，那么考场上就会凭借这份思维定势来帮助自己抓住每一分。

Transitional words主要有以下三种，即表顺序：firstly, secondly, finally(last but not least);表并列：besides, in addition;表对比：in contrast, in comparison。这些衔接词会让文章看起来脉络清晰，组织严密，也就做到了评分标准中的“well-organized”一条。

写作观点的确定

对于托福写作来说，有了规范的写作布局，只能托福写作冲刺高分最为基础的一个环节。而对于文章的新意而言更多的就是来自于文章观点的确定。那么，在托福写作中想要写出一个有新意的观点，还是需要有着一定观察能力的，原班套用范文或是模板的内容，自然是无法提起阅卷人的兴趣。但是，大家也不必为了观点的对错，过于深究。因为托福写作主要还是考查对于话题的论述。有了自己原创的话题，自然就不用担心之后论述上观点雷同的问题。不过，在这里还是需要提醒大家，不要过于纠结观点的深度，观点定位过深，一时之间不能找到论据，导致无话可说，反而造成适得其反的效果了。

例证内容的诠释

在托福写作过程中，想要完美充实的布局整个文章托福写作的例证内容是必不可少的。相信很多同学在备考过程中，也会在备考的同时，不断的累积一些新的例证资料。但是，托福写作中，关键不在于例证的新意，而是在于你如何用新的看法来解释这些老的论据。而在托福写作时候，我们有时也会使用到一些托福范文的语句，但是，需要提醒大家的是，我们也需要学会如何改写语句中的内容，即便是不会改写，那么也可以换掉一些关键词。

托福写作语料库积累：运动

素材段落

As the most important event for the human race, the significance of the Olympic games has extended from a traditional global sports extravaganza to a celebration of diversifiedcultures and a ceremony in the hope of peace. The Olympics is undoubtedly an ideal international proving ground for athletes. It gives them the opportunity to compete against athletes of similar abilities on an international stage. This gives them the opportunity to compare themselves against each other and to determine how good they are internationally. The sportsmanship shown by this magnificent event inspires those who are pursuing their dreams. Although a gold medal is what all participants strive for, it is more crucial to realize that the most valuable fortune in life is not any triumph but the struggle. As the Olympic symbol demonstrates, the strength of cooperation, combined with the significance of every nation’s participation, is far greater than winning a competition.

单词和词组

diversified 多元化的

=diverse, various

The coverage of diversified knowledge makes the campus life colorful and interesting; it also prepares students for a successful tomorrow.

sportsmanship 运动员精神

话题词汇

田径 track and field

专业运动 professional sport

业余运动 amateur sport

全能选手 all-round athlete

体育设施 sports facility

令人难忘的比赛 memorable/unforgettable match

赢得比赛 win a match

打破世界纪录 break the world record

托福独立写作的误区剖析 篇2

误区一：考试遥遥无期，时间多多益善

在笔者所教的托福写作强化班里，当课程接近尾声时有许多考生的托福考试时间依然待定，他们的理由往往是自己基础不好，需要多一点时间来充分准备。然而，这种在时间上的自我宽容通常会将自己置于尴尬的境地：时光流逝，问题依旧，自信心却在减损。事实上，单词永远背不完，好句子永远储备不完，题目也永远练不完。考生必须明白一点：复习备考永远没有绝对的充分，只有相对的充分。所谓相对的充分，就是在考场上充分应用平时所掌握的素材，把平时训练的水平发挥到极致。因此，备考关键不在于准备时间有多长，而在于考生在备考过程中的专注、考试期限的明确以及备考计划的切实可行。通常而言，考生准备托福考试的时间不宜超过三个月。

误区二：每天计划复习写作N小时

有些考生为准备托福写作制定了严格的计划，比如计划每天复习一小时、两小时或三小时……但在制定这个计划的同时，考生很有可能也在计划着浪费其中三分之二甚至更多的时间。如果考生今天打算拿出两个小时来复习写作，那么在其潜意识里，至少有一个半小时是可以虚度的。因此笔者建议，考生在制定具体到每一天或者每一周的计划时不要做时间的计划，而要做任务的计划。将立场段、总结段写作，主体段论证思路搭建，论点中心句组织，论据分析层控制，论据案例层运用这些任务分摊到每一天或每一周，这样备考的效率就会提高很多。

误区三：凑了字数，丢了分数

很多考生都非常看重文章的字数，这本无可厚非，但是展现活跃的思维和高超的写作技巧靠的不是庞大的字数，而是精确与高效的表达。如果把凑字数作为写作的第一要务，那就得不偿失了。因为言多“语”失，单纯追求写作字数不仅会导致不必要的语法、拼写和表达错误，还会使文章论证效率低下，写作内容冗余。因此，考生在考前培养准确的写作“规模感”十分必要，即考生应该对文章字数有一个整体的概念，并大致把握在这个写作框架中每一个自然段的字数区间。以托福独立写作“总—分—总”结构下的五段式为例，考生可以这样分配每段的字数：立场段30～50字；论证段一（让步段，无例子） 50～70字；论证段二（主旨段，有例子） 100～150字；论证段三（主旨段，有例子） 100～150字；总结段20～30字。

误区四：立场段走悬疑路线

由于受到传承了几千年的中庸思想和流行了许多年的悬疑小说的影响，许多考生在托福独立写作的立场段走起了“朦胧+悬疑”路线。在托福独立写作的第一段，有些考生忙着烘托气氛、制造悬念，使自己立于两头都不得罪的“不败之地”，于是写出了下面这样的开头段：

Nowadays， X is getting more and more important. Different people have different opinions toward different things. Some people may say it is good while others believe that it is wrong. So whether I agree or disagree with this depends on a case by case basis. I would like to discuss my point of view in the following paragraphs.

这类被一些考生奉为经典的写作模式在阅卷考官看来却不知所云，原因有以下三个方面。

1北美考试的议论文写作考查的不是阐述真理的能力，而是针对一个具有明确倾向的观点自圆其说的能力。

2托福独立写作题目中的任务设定通常是“… agree or disagree …”，其中or一词清楚地说明了考生的写作目标，即要表达明确的肯定或否定态度。

3悬疑小说依靠悬念来吸引读者一章又一章地看下去，但是吸引托福独立写作的阅卷考官看完文章的不是悬念，而是明确、切题的立场和强大的论据支持。

在托福独立写作中，立场是文章主旨的浓缩，明确、切题的立场是高效论证的前提。因此，考生选择的立场应该是对题目任务的直接回应：如果题目任务是agree or disagree，考生就在立场段直接表明自己同意或者不同意的倾向；如果任务是which one is better，考生就在立场段明确写出自己的选择。

误区五：考场写作循序渐进

托福独立写作的限定答题时间为30分钟，这意味着考场写作与平时的写作训练大不相同。一些考生无法在规定的时间内写完文章，更多的考生虽然能够完成，但是无法充分发挥所学。由此可见，时间紧迫带来的压力很容易影响考生的临场发挥，而对段落的写作顺序进行灵活调整就能缓解这一问题。考生应充分利用托福机考写作界面可以随意添加信息的特点来优化写作流程。笔者建议考生按照下面的流程来写。

1立场段

2总结段

3搭建论证段中心句

4填充论证段论据

在写论证段之前先写总结段的好处是确保文章的完整性，因为文章形式上完整与否的关键不在字数，而在于“总—分—总”结构的呈现。在写完立场段和总结段之后，考生会有心态上的相对优势：文章框架已经基本完整，不必再担心写不完，因而可以放开手脚在论证段里尽情发挥。在论证段，建议考生也不要逐字逐句地写，而是可以先写出3～4个论点的中心句，然后将光标回调至每个中心句下面，填充论据来充实自己的论证。这种“框架+填充”的写作方式可以使考生避免因时间不够而导致的文章结构不完整，也可以有效帮助考生合理调配写作资源，避免论证重叠。

误区六：总结段里出现because

在托福独立写作的总结段，有些考生习惯这样写：“In summary， the claim presented in this topic is vulnerable to question or challenge because of the reasons that I have just mentioned above.”

这样写是不可取的。首先，在整个写作框架中，总结段的作用就是总结，使文章结构完整，仅此而已。在这个阶段，一切都变得简单——只需再次表明自己的观点就可以了。字数不宜多，时间投入更不该长，尤其不应该写“because ...”作解释，因为支持和解释立场的任务应该由论证段来完成。如果在文章的末段出现because，就是在提醒考官：论证段论证不力，在总结段亡羊补牢。况且，“… because of the reasons that I have just mentioned above”这样的表达是没有实质意义的。考生不如腾出时间和空间，在文章末尾提出一条建设性意见，如：“In summary， the claim presented in this topic is vulnerable to question or challenge. Therefore， it is essential for us to …”

误区七：形散神也散，一切随机缘

散文文体的特点是形散而神不散，这是境界。而托福独立写作是议论文，议论文体更注重文章结构，有些考生却写得形散神也散，这就会让阅卷考官崩溃了。对于很多考生来说，文章结构的搭建基本是随机的，想到哪儿写到哪儿。至于在考场上能想起什么那得靠“缘分”，因此考生写出神形涣散的文章也就不足为奇了。还有的考生抱怨在论证段写作时写了上句没下句，原因很简单：“缘分”可遇不可求，所以“随缘”的写作很容易陷入困境。其实要解决这些问题，考生只要遵照一条规则来写就可以了，这也是议论文写作的一个基本要素：from general to specific （从概括到具体）。每个论证段需要包含论点中心句（相对概括，置于段首）和论据支持（更加具体，紧随中心句之后）。

另外，考生需要特别注意，论点中心句不仅相对概括，还应具备统领作用。打个比方，它就像网页上的超级链接，只要看到中心句，这一段的内容就了然于胸了。后面论据的作用是用更具体的细节内容来证明论点中心句成立，从而证明文章立场成立。这样一来，写作的目的性就会增强，随机性就会减少，也不会出现无话可说的问题了。

误区八：论证段盲目堆砌词句

很多考生相信，平时单词、短语、句子背得越多，考场上表现就会越从容。这有一定的道理，因为要想实现高效的论证，丰富的语言素材是必需的，但这些不是写作的全部。议论文写作其实就是说理，而说理就要有条有理。文章条理性的关键不在于堆砌语言，而在于理顺结构，理顺结构的关键又在于连接词句的运用。就托福独立写作来说，论证段内部的逻辑结构主要有两种：总分并列和阶梯推进。这两种结构的形式分别如下。

总分并列

中心句+

For one thing， …

For another， …

Another point （that is worth mentioning） is that …

Besides， …

An additional point （that should not to be overlooked） is that …

阶梯推进

中心句+

To carry the idea further， … （第一层细节）

To be exact， … （第二层细节）

误区九：例子里都是熟人

托福写作真题及解析 篇3

学习：

(1)The African Iron Age is traditionally considered that period in Africa between the second century AD up to about 1000 AD, when iron smelting was practiced. In Africa, unlike the Europe and Asia, the Iron Age is not prefaced by a Bronze or Copper Age, but rather all the metals were brought together. The advantages of iron over stone are obvious--iron is much more efficient at cutting trees or quarrying stone than stone tools. But iron smelting technology is a smelly, dangerous one. This brief essay covers Iron Age up to the end of the first millennium AD.

Pre-Industrial Iron Ore Technology

To work iron, one must extract the ore from the ground and break it into pieces, then heat the pieces to a temperature of at least 1100 degrees centigrade under controlled conditions.

African Iron Age people built a cylindrical clay furnace and used charcoal and a hand-operated bellows to reach the level of heating for smelting. Once smelted, the metal was separated from its waste products or slag, and then brought to its shape by repeated hammering and heating, called forging.

African Iron Age Lifeways

From the 2nd century AD to about 1000 AD, the Chifumbaze spread iron throughout the largest portion of Africa, eastern and southern Africa. The Chifumbaze were farmers of squash, beans, sorghum and millet, and kept cattle, sheep, goats and chickens.

They built hill top settlements, at Bosutswe, large villages like Schroda, and large monumental sites like Great Zimbabwe. Gold, ivory, and glass bead working and trade was part of many of the societies. Many spoke a form of Bantu; many forms of geometric and schematic rock art are found throughout south and eastern Africa.

(2)In Africa, where there was no continent-wide universal Bronze Age, the use of iron succeeded immediately the use of stone.[14] Metallurgy was characterized by the absence of a Bronze Age, and the transition from “stone to steel” in tool substances. Sub-Saharan Africa has produced very early instances of carbon steel found to be in production around years ago in northwest Tanzania, based on complex preheating principles. Nubia was one of the relatively few places in Africa to have a sustained Bronze Age along with Egypt and much of the rest of North Africa. The Meroitic script was developed in the Napatan Period (c. 700–300 BC).

托福独立写作真题满分 篇4

To begin with, the decline of teaching quality is an indisputable reason why teachers today are less respected. Owing to the rapid population growth and education expansion, there is a large demand for teachers. To cater the needs, universities have to recruit and train more teachers quickly. Commonly adopted methods are to shorten and simplify the training process as well as lower the standard. Consequently, a majority of new teachers today feel very difficult for them to become competent in the early years due to the insufficient training and work experience. Moreover, teaching is no longer a well-paid profession, which makes a large number of teachers today less devoted to their career. In the past, as there were fewer people who were qualified to teach, people would like to pay a high salary to teachers. But today, the income of teachers, especially those working in primary schools and kindergartens, is no higher than that of a common clerk in companies. The uncompetitive payment fails to motivate teachers to work hard to improve their teaching. Even worse, some teachers with heavy economic burden choose to take several part time jobs at the same time, which makes them exhausted and incapable of taking good care of their students.

Secondly, the exposure of some teachers’ misbehavior through medias casts a shadow on all teachers. It is undeniable that at any time there are bad teachers. In the past, when a teacher lost his trust and reputation locally, a simple solution for him was to move to another place and start his teaching career again. But today, the powerful mass media makes it impossible for a teacher’s bad behavior to be hidden from the public. This is an effective method to supervise teachers, but when there are too many reports on teachers’ misbehavior, it is unavoidable that the public gradually lose confidence on all teachers. Normally, people regard it as teachers’ responsibility to take good care of students and help students learn and grow up, so there are few reports on teachers’ work except for big events, like saving students from traffic accidents at the expense of a teacher his own safety. However, when a teacher’s misbehavior is known, it will attract many medias, and parents who care about children’s education and health would like to spread the news broadly. As a result, though it is necessary to expose the misbehavior of teachers, the outbreak of mass reports generates serious negative impact on overall reputation of teachers, just like what is happening recently in China. There are more than three reports on child abuse in different kindergartens in Beijing last month. It has aroused panic among the public and doubts on almost all kindergarten teachers.

To sum up, there are reasons why teachers are less respected as before. It is mainly because of the decline of teaching quality and mass reports of some teachers’ misbehavior.

20171210托福独立写作题目：

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Students do not respect their teachers as much as they did in the past.

托福独立写作真题满分 篇5

电脑，手机，电脑游戏：

有趣，帮助孩子放松

但是缺点明显，孩子缺乏锻炼，缺乏与人沟通

简单玩具：

益智，激发想象力，例如乐高

和朋友一起玩：

锻炼沟通能力，拓展社交圈

Nowadays, children rely too much on the technology, like computers, smartphone, video games for fun and entertainment; playing simple toys or playing outside with friends would be better for the children’s development.

范文：

Undoubtedly, children today, as the most tech-savviest generation in history, can hardly live a day without computers and smartphones which play an important role in their study and entertainment. However, as the time children spend with digitals devices skyrockets, both parents and educators start to worry about the perils of new technology and advocate that it is more meaningful for children to play with simple toys and meet friends.

Admittedly, children acquire much joy from computers and smartphones. The well designed computer games never fail to fascinate their players with vivid figures, attractive rewards, and cheerful music. It is even more joyful when classmates are playing together online. In addition, almost every child who has a smartphone will install chatting software. As they also have the strong desire to be connected, they keep talking with each other even after school on the phone. If there is anything that they are reluctant to communicate with parents or brothers and sisters at home, it is more fun to chat with classmates.

However, as there are self-evident disadvantages of playing computers or smartphones, such as lack of exercises, poor eyesight and isolation from real world, parents and educators advocate replacement: simple toys and meeting friends. To begin with, there are many toys that not only bring as much joy as computers and smartphones do, but also help children provoke thinking and activate imagination. Compared with computer games which require few thoughts but simple exercises of fingers, those toys encourage children to make more efforts in the game and rewards them with stronger sense of achievement. One of the best examples must be Lego, a toy welcomed by many families globally. With numerous small pieces of different colors piled up, children are able to build anything in their mind, like an architecture, an animal and a cartoon character.

Secondly, communication and interaction with friends is absolutely more important in children’s development. While entertaining with computers or smartphones, children are usually absorbed in their own inner world and pay little attention to others. The unwillingness of talking to others will gradually make children isolated and weaken their communication ability. This is exact reason why it is vital for parents to motivate children to play outdoors with friends. Through gaming with friends, children learn how to get along well, compete, and cooperate with playmates. For example, playing basketball teaches children the significance of team spirits; playing chess allows children to discuss strategy. What’s more, the company and reliance of friends makes children feel needed, which also encourages them to expand social circle and improve interpersonal skills.

To sum up, children benefit more from playing simple toys and meeting friends than from playing with computers and smartphones.

托福独立写作中的句式变化 篇6

首先，考生需要知道什么样的句子是没有变化的，请阅读下面这段文字：“My brother， Tom， is a good example. Tom lived in the country with my grandparents for twelve years. Then he went to the city. He studied in a middle school there. When Tom was living in the countryside， he seldom fell ill. He enjoyed himself in the nature every day. When he went to the city， he gradually felt his throat sore and often coughed.”这段话是笔者的一位学生在平时练习中写的，里面的句子大多是简单句，而句子的主语不是Tom就是he，读来非常单调。这样的表达就是缺乏句式变化的表达，在托福独立写作中是拿不到高分的。此时就需要改变句子结构，使表达方式变得多样。下面笔者就来介绍一些常见的句式变化方法。

1 长、短句结合

英语作文中句子的质量往往受其长度影响，但这并不是说所有的句子都越长越好。在英文写作中，以简单句为代表的短句能够给人留下比较深刻的印象，适用于一针见血或开门见山地表明论点，如“主语+谓语+宾语”结构（Living in the country contributes to our health），或“主语+谓语+双宾语”结构（Sports teach people the spirit of cooperation），或“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”结构（The development of public transportation makes travel convenient）。而以复合句为代表的长句（包括名词性从句、形容词性从句、副词性从句）则适用于表达非常复杂的逻辑关系，或是用于解释不同现象间的关系，如“Many teenagers complain that they try to communicate with their parents and are eager to get some advice from them； however， it is always futile to do so.”

由于长句和短句功能不同，在托福独立写作中，考生可以用短句来表达关键信息，尤其是引言段中的全文论点（thesis statement）和正文段的主题句（topic sentence），然后用长句来描述引言段的背景信息、对正文段的主题句进行扩展，比如下面这段文字：“Children in modern society have become more difficult to understand than children 50 years ago. They acquire a lot more information and ideas than their predecessors did and they obtain this from various sources， such as mass media and the Internet information and ideas which their parents can never accept because they are not open-minded enough and are reluctant to take on new concepts. Therefore， the generation gap between parents and children today has become bigger， and this impedes communication.”这一段中，写作者在开头直接用一个短句点明主要观点，然后用几个复杂长句进行阐释，长短句交替出现，避免了枯燥、乏味的问题。

2 松散句和圆周句结合

松散句（loose sentences）是指那些在句子开头就先给出中心信息，然后再在后面附加大量修饰语或细节进行补充说明的句子。也就是说，松散句会把主要信息放在次要信息之前，例如：“We can get a lot of information about various products when we watch commercials.”圆周句（periodic sentences）则会把最关键的信息放在整句话的结尾或比较靠后的位置上，即将次要信息放在主要信息之前，形成欲扬先抑或欲抑先扬的效果，例如：“It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.”一般来说，松散句相对简单、易懂、自然、直接，圆周句则比较复杂、庄重、正式、文雅。考生在写独立写作部分的作文时可以将两者结合起来，以使文章错落有致。

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3 使用分词结构

写作时，考生们基本都会有意识地去使用一些状语从句和定语从句。然而，从句使用过多，也会显得单调。因此，考生可以尝试将一些从句变为分词结构。

1. 在状语从句中，如果从句主语和主句主语一致，可以使用分词结构。首先，考生要确认从句主语与主句主语一致。然后，考生可以去掉从句主语，将从句谓语动词改成合适的分词。最后，考生可以根据句意删除或保留从属连词（如表示时间的before、since、as、after、while、when和表示原因的because、since、as等）。比如下面三组句子。

修改前：While technology creates new jobs in some sectors of economy， it takes away jobs in others.

修改后：While creating new jobs in some sectors of economy， technology takes away jobs in others.

修改前：As he gradually got used to the way of life here， he became less homesick.

修改后：Gradually getting used to the way of life here， he became less homesick.

修改前：When he was asked about his recent life， he kept silent.

修改后：When asked about his recent life， he kept silent.

2. 在定语从句中，如果先行词在从句中做主语，也可以使用分词结构，即将定语从句改为现在分词或过去分词。例如，“People who live in the country are often friendly”可以改为“People living in the country are often friendly”，“Children who are raised in big families can get on well with others”可以改为“Children raised in big families can get on well with others”。

4 状语前置

除了使用分词结构来改变句子开头，考生还可以将由副词、介词短语、动词不定式等构成的状语结构放在句首。这样不仅能使句式发生变化，还能赋予句子一种长短相间的节奏感。比如下面几句话。

Undoubtedly， teenagers are easily influenced by the violent content in those movies.

Without doubt， technology has changed the way individuals interact with each other in contemporary society.

To alleviate traffic congestion， the municipal government should encourage people to use public transport.

5 使用倒装句

写作时，考生还可以采用倒装结构来变换句式，以对句中的重点信息加以强调。英文写作中常用的倒装结构有五种。

1. 介词短语作地点状语置于句首，主谓完全倒装，比如：“On the top of the mountain stands a temple.”

2. 否定词（如seldom、not only、under no circumstances、by no means等）提前，主谓部分倒装，比如：“Seldom do people realize that pollution has brought about some serious problems.”

3. Only位于句首修饰状语，主谓部分倒装，比如：“Only in this way can the problem of child obesity be effectively controlled.”

4. “so … that …”结构中的“so + adj./adv.”置于句首，主谓完全倒装，比如：“So valuable is water that we cannot afford to waste it.”

5. 分词位于句首，主谓完全倒装，比如：“Adding to societal changes today is an enormous stockpile of information.”

6 使用强调句

除了使用倒装句，考生同样可以使用强调句来对句子的重点信息进行有效强调。强调句的结构通常为“It is/was +被强调部分+ that …”，例如：“It is for the benefit of maintaining the ecological balance that human beings ought to protect the endangered animal species.”一般来说，在托福独立写作中，强调句多用于以下三种情况：①在开头段提出论点；②在正文段末进行小结；③在结尾段再次强调自己的论点。

7 添加插入语

除了在句首部分进行变化，考生也可以在句子中间使用插入语结构，以增强句子的节奏感。插入语既可以是单词、短语，也可以是句子。比如“The computer， an indispensable part of our life， has brought us great convenience”或“College students， lacking social experience， are easily cheated”。

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8 使用问句

在写作中，除了使用陈述句结构，考生偶尔也可以使用一些问句，如修辞疑问句（rhetorical question，类似于中文的设问句）、反问句（echo question）和感叹疑问句（exclamatory question），以使句式更加丰富。比如：“If there were no Internet， how could people get various types of information immediately？”又如：“Does studying together with a group of people really improve efficiency？ The answer is definitely no！”

9 使用过渡词

除了笔者上文介绍的这些方法，考生在写作时还要注意上下文的衔接。对于托福独立写作，高质量的文章一定要行文流畅，各部分的起承转合不能有生涩之感。而衔接的主要目的就是要把文章中各部分的内容有机地连接起来，使其成为一个整体，帮助阅读者更加清楚、准确地判断各部分之间的关系，更好地把握全文逻辑。这一点在托福独立写作评分标准关于结构（Organization）的要求中也有强调。那么要做到这一点，最简单的方法就是使用过渡词。以下是笔者列出的一些常见的过渡词，供考生参考。

1. 表对比：in contrast、on the contrary、while、whereas、on the other hand、nevertheless

2. 表举例：for example、for instance、such as

3. 表顺序：to begin with、what is more、last but not least、first and foremost、secondly、in addition、in the first place

4. 表递进：besides、furthermore、moreover

5. 表原因：due to、thanks to、owing to、because of、because、as、for、since

6. 表结果：as a result、thus、hence、therefore、 consequently

7. 表总结：on the whole、in conclusion、in short、to sum up

笔者在上面提到的这些方法并不是单独使用的，往往是结合在一起使用。不过，各位考生不要误以为句式多样就是要多写长难句，殊不知滥用长难句会使语言变得繁冗、拖沓。比如说，考生若想表达“Mary是一个漂亮的女孩子”，写成“Mary is a beautiful girl”就可以了，如果偏要写成“Mary is a girl who is beautiful”，句子看上去是变长了，还用了定语从句，但实际上显得非常累赘。