unit 11 language points(人教版高二英语下册教案教学设计)（共5篇）
unit 11 language points(人教版高二英语下册教案教学设计) 篇1
Step II Lead-in
Step III Pre-reading
Work in pairs or groups and discuss the following questions:
1. If you wanted to do research or start a hi-tech company, what kind of support and environment would you need?
A person who wants to do research or start a hi-tech company may need the following: money, schools, libraries, scientists and experts, ideas, inspiration, etc.
2. Why are scientific achievements important?
Because they help people understand the world better / improve our life / help advance science / lead to new discoveries and achievements, etc.
3. Why do scientists spend so much time trying to achieve something?
Because they are curious and enthusiastic about new things and new ideas / they want to understand the world better / they want to contribute to society / they want to be famous.
Step IV Reading
Fast-reading:
Say True or False to the following sentences.
1. Zhongguancun is located in the southwest of Beijing. (F)
2. Zhongguancun was set up in the nineteenth century. (F)
3. Xiang Yufang didn’t want to return to China because he wanted to work with the top scientists in his field. (F)
4. Later his friends persuaded him to come back . (F)
5. Zhongguancun has a positive effect on business. (T)
Read the text again and find out the main idea of each part:
Part 1 (para 1--- 2):
General introdution of Zhongguancun
Part2 (para 3--- 7):
Why Zhongguancun attracts more and more overseas Chinese
Part3 (para 8 --- 9):
The positive effect Zhongguancun has had on both business and science; the spirit of Zhonguancun
Step V Post-reading
Careful-reading:
Choose the best answer.
1. According to the author, Zhongguancun is home to ___A___.
A. some famous research institutes and universities
B. every Chinese
C. all of the graduates
D. all private research institutes
2. The science park got started __B__.
A. in the late 1990s B. in the early1980s
C. in the early 1990s D. in the late 1980s
3. What is NOT true about Zhongguancun ? (D)
A. It is located in Haidian District, in northwestern Beijing.
B. It was set up as a special economic zone in the 1990s.
C. Most of its companies are doing IT business.
D. It is not a good place for new companies.
4. According to the reading, Xiang Yufang returned to China and opened
a company in Zhongguancun because ___D____.
A. he wanted to see more of the world
B. he enjoyed working with the best scientists in his field
C. he felt really comfortable
D. he could enjoy his work and contribute to his country at the same
time
5. According to the graph in the passage, how many of the people who work in Zhongguancun have a master’s degree or above? (B)
A. 25,000 B.30,000
C. 35,000 D.180,000
6. Today there are ___C___ IT companies in Zhongguancun.
A. more than 8,000 B. less than 8,000
C. more than 4,000 D. less than 4,000
Work in pairs or groups. Zhong guancun is sometimes called “China’s Silicon Valley”. Use a library or the Internet to find out more about Silicon Valley in the Us and then compare the two areas. In which ways are they similar or different?
Answers on P 19.
Step VI Homework
unit 11 language points(人教版高二英语下册教案教学设计) 篇2
《普通初中英语课程标准(实验稿)》(以下简称《标准》)(2011年版)明确指出:英语课程要从学生的学习兴趣、生活经验和认知水平出发,倡导体验、实践、参与、合作与交流的学习方式和任务型的教学途径,发展学生的综合语言运用能力。由此我们可以看出,《标准》更加突出学生在教学过程中的主体地位,强调学生在学习过程中的亲身体验和参与,这为情境教学法在初中英语教学中的应用提供了新思路。与此同时,《标准》大力倡导任务语言型教学,这也阐明了语言情景有助于学习者交际功能的发展,可见情境教学法有其存在发展的广阔空间。
二、情境教学法的内涵
20世纪60年代,情景教学法(Situational Method)开始为英国外语教学界所采用。国内情境教学法的研究则可以追溯到学者张士一。国内情境教学法起初应用于语文学科。1978年,小学语文特级教师李吉林通过广泛借鉴和吸收国外教学中运用的情境教学模式和理念,将情境教学法作为一种独特的教学方法进行了多次探讨,并在小学语文教学领域中进行实践,形成了比较完善的情境教学法理论体系。随后,情境教学法越来越受到人们的重视,并且在各个学科得到广泛使用。随着英语课堂教学的不断改革和完善,情境教学被引入英语教学中,这给英语课堂教学带来了生机和活力,激发了学生的兴趣,提高了学生的学习热情。国内外关于情境教学法的概念不尽相同,目前国内比较流行的情境教学法是指“在教学过程中,教师有目的地引入或创设具有一定情绪色彩的、以形象为主体的、生动具体的场景,以引起学生一定的态度体验,从而帮助学生理解教材内容,以促进学生心智发展的一种教学方法。情境教学法的核心在于激发学生的情感。”
三、在初中英语课堂教学中实施情境教学法的有效策略
(一)精心创设语言情境,符合教学目标和内容
情境的创设多种多样,可以利用实物、图片、多媒体以及表情、动作等体态语言来实现。创设情境是为实现教学目标、体现所教内容服务的,不能只追求其形式的多样化而忽视了为目标和内容服务的功能性(殷文杰,2006)。所以在课前,教师一定要认真分析教材内容,把握好教学重、难点和教学目标,在整个教学过程中,教师可以运用丰富的情境手段,采取多种方式帮助学生感知话题情境,吸引学生的注意力,激发学习兴趣,从而促进他们思维的发展。
(二)合理应用教学资源,充分利用语言情境来开展情境教学
在课堂中,为了把英语的语言知识和语言技能更好地融入到真实的情境之中,教师应该利用多样化的教学资源(食物、图片、投影仪、录音以及身体语言),有序合理地呈现学习内容,将英语教学过程中的重点和难点变得清晰易懂,进而激发学生参与课堂、表达自我的动机和欲望,提高他们学习效率。
(三)情境教学要突显学生的主体意识
情境教学的对象是学生,所以教师在情境教学中要针对学生的实际情况,充分利用学生的兴趣,引导学生积极主动地参与到情境教学中去,积极自主地思考和探究,而不是被动地接受。在教学中利用真实生动的情境创设,不仅有利于学生之间的相互交流学习,还有利于学生积极主动地配合教师的教学工作,达到学生合作学习的目的(刘正喜,2012)。情境教学结合小组合作学习的优势以及外语教学的协作、互动的特点,可以发挥最佳效能,提高英语课堂教学的效率。
四、情境教学法在初中英语课堂中的课例分析
为了充分调动学生的非智力因素,加深学生对课文内容的理解与掌握,提高学生对知识的认知效率,教师需要营造良好的语言环境,使学生尽可能多地接触英语,增强学生的语感,最终达到预期的教学目的。笔者将以人教版初中英语教材七年级(下)Unit 5Why do you like pandas?为例阐释如何在初中英语教学中有效运用情境教学法,为学生学习创设有效的教学情境,从而使学生在形象化的教学情境中更好地学习。
(一)导入环节
上课伊始,笔者播放最近热映动画电影《疯狂动物城》的主题曲Try everything,以这样一种视听结合的方式开场,不仅可以调节课堂气氛,让学生兴奋起来,而且可以不费力气地将学生的注意力集中,从而使他们以饱满的情绪投入到接下来的学习中去。随后,笔者以“我问你答”游戏形式向学生提问What animals do you like best?Why?设计该环节的目的有两个:一方面是为了让学生回忆起上节课学习的关于描述动物特征的英语表达,主要是复习一些描述性的形容词;另一方面是为即将要讲的内容做铺垫。
(二)呈现环节
在呈现环节,笔者播放《疯狂动物城》的宣传片,给出情境,以Who has a good memory的游戏形式让学生尽可能多地说出他们看到的动物,从而激发他们头脑中存在的已有图式。随后,在描述动物特征的环节,笔者播放四个典型动物(Cheetah,gazelle,rabbit,sloth)的电影片段,让学生用之前的知识进行描述,然后笔者引导学生进行归纳,得到描述动物时我们要从相貌、喜好、能力和特征四个方面进行介绍的语言结构,引导他们掌握描述动物特征的技巧,加深他们语言信息的输入。作为一门语言教学,英语教学不仅要传授给学生一些关于英语语言的基础知识,更关键的是要教会学生如何把已掌握的知识运用到实际生活中,熟练地用英语进行阅读、写作和与人对话、交流,形成一种技能(刘正喜,2012)。所以在教授完学生如何描述动物的特征后,笔者播放影片中狐狸、绵羊的片段,组织他们以小组合作的形式讨论并解决影片中狐狸、绵羊的特征,让他们可以做到学以致用。在这个课堂任务中,笔者考虑学生的实际英语水平,适当地向学生们提供一些备用句型作为辅助,如:
(三)采访环节
在采访环节,笔者给学生设定情境,让学生以小组合作的形式互相采访。采访的主题是:你最想成为电影中的哪种动物?为什么?这个课堂环节一方面可以激发学生们的学习兴趣,增强他们的情感体验,调动他们参与课堂活动,同时将英语教学的情境创设作为一种思想教育的手段,教育学生爱护动物,传递了人与动物和谐相处的价值观念。
(四)表演和配音环节
经过前面的课堂环节,学生已经熟练掌握描述动物特征的技巧,接下来笔者截取电影中的2-3个片段,让学生进行配音表演。笔者设计这一教学环节的目的是利用多媒体的语音和图像功能给学生提供一个真实的语言环境,让学生通过角色扮演、模拟对话等形式身临其境,参与到课堂学习中,从而激发他们表演的欲望。学生配音、表演的过程也是他们学习英语知识的过程,这不仅有助于提高他们的学习效率,还有助于提高他们的语言模仿、表达能力和英语实际应用能力。
五、结语
总之,情境教学法是英语教学的重要手段,教师通过对情境教学法的研究,拓展了新的教学途径,增强了教学的直观性、形象性,改进了教学方法和教学手段,丰富了教学实践活动。与此同时,情境教学法的应用充分体现学生的主体地位,积极调动了课堂氛围,为师生提供了真实或虚拟的交流平台。因此,情境教学法是对新课程改革的一种有效的探索。
参考文献
[1]刘正喜.新课标下英语情境教学策略的优化[J].教学与管理,2012(27):132-133.
[2]殷文杰.初中英语课堂情境教学的实施与研究[D].东北师范大学,2006.
unit 11 language points(人教版高二英语下册教案教学设计) 篇3
㈠. 教学内容
本单元的中心话题是 “美国” ,课文围绕 “美国南部” 及 “美洲平原上的野牛” 展开, 让人感受美国的变迁过程. 本单元有助于培养学生跨文化交际意识,进一步拓宽视野,为终身学习奠定良好的基础.
“热身”(Warming up)部分, 给我们提供了三幅画面,有利于我们从宏观上和微观上把握美国地理特征.练习题引导学生从美国的历史渊源,经济等方面认识美国,有利于学生的探究学习.
“听力”(Listening) 部分设置了三个练习,由浅到深,层层深入. 练习1不仅有利于我们了解纽约市,而且有利于培养学生在听力中快速捕捉信息的能力. 练习2 和3有助于学生了解美国的背景知识,丰富学生的文化内涵.
“口语”(Speaking)部分要求学生根据提示描述一个场所.题目设置贴近学生生活. 教师除了课本所提示的说明处,还可以引导学生描述自己的学校.
“读前”(Pre-reading) 部分设计了两个练习.练习1要求学生列一份自己家乡的年表,并列出重要的事件以及变化过程,讨论其前因后果. 练习2 要求学生在年表上填写美国历史上发生的五件大事, 这有利于训练学生的逻辑思维能力,为阅读有关美国历史的课文做准备.
“阅读”(Reading)部分 “美国南部” (The American South), 介绍了南部------一部充满灾难的历史, 同时也是一部充满成功与希望的历史.文章重点介绍了美国南部佐治亚亚特兰大市自内战以来的发展和变化. 着重阐述了反对种族隔离制度斗争的美国民权运动, 及其杰出的领袖马丁.路德.金的斗争精神. 通过阅读这篇文章可以了解,美国是个多民族的多元文化国家. 由于文章涉及美国历史的变化, 城市的发展, 需要对比的手法描写, 本篇文章可称得上是一篇对比性写作的范文.
“读后”(Post-reading)部分练习1有利于学生通过实例来阐明观点. 练习2 要求学生进行两人小组讨论或者多人小组讨论, 题目强调了语篇意识,设置层次性强,有利于培养学生的思辨能力.
“语言学习”(Language Study)部分包含词汇和语法两部份. 词汇学习涉及构词法知识,设计新颖,看似简单,其实灵活, 有助于学生留意某些词加后缀时意义的变化, 有利于避免负迁移. 语法练习2考察学生在语篇中使用非限定动词的能力, 注重学生综合素质的提高.
“综合技能”(Integrating Skills)部分包含阅读和写作. 通过阅读 “美洲平原上的野牛” , 人们了解了美国历史上大规模屠宰野牛,破坏美洲草原生物链的教训. 写作部分要求学生写一封电子邮件, 帮助美国学生了解中国.这就需要学生在理解教材的基础上,从面积,人口,语言,民族,重要城市等方面比较美国于中国的区别.这项任务有利于提高学生的语言运用能力.特别是语言概括能力.
“学习建议”(Tips)部分指导要求学生开展写对比分析文章,以及学生写作时要注意的相关事项.
“复习要点”(Check points) 通过练习引导学生对非限定动词作一次小结,并对要求学生对描述处所的词汇进行一次小结,有利于培养学生的自学能力.
㈡. 教学目标
1. 语言知识
词汇：entry mental physical suffering greedy trader unemployment unrest sacrifice reconstruction former funeral dawn overcome insist plain resist chief afterwards widespread rot wildlife supply chain willing in vain take a chance leave alone insist on put on on sale in turn
语法：复习非限定动词
I don’t mind his being invited.
He hate being laughing at
She enjoys being interviewed.
It is important for lost time to be made up.
功能：描绘场所
What does your hometown look like ?
What does the landscape look like ?
Are there ? There is in the north.
How long/wide/high/tall is the….?
It’s .. metres / feet long /wide/high/tall.
It looks like …….
2. 语言技能
听：听两段有关NY的短文，捕捉信息，改正错
说：用恰当的语言描述一个地方
读：掌握skimming scanning generalization taking notes 等微阅读技能。能欣赏对比性写作的文章
写：采用对比性手法写一段文章。
㈢. 教学重点和难点
重点：课文中出现的重要单词和词组的用法如：
insist on / leave alone / supply / be determined to do / be forced to do/resist
非谓语形式的用法
难点：采用对比性手法写作
非谓语形式用作定语的区别
二.课时安排和教学思路
本单元的中心话题是美国。我们将本单元的学习设计成从美国的东部经南部到西部的一次文化旅行。从美国的概况，东部城市(纽约和 Ellis Island)，南部城市(Atlanta)，和西部大草原(bison)来了解美国， 感受美国的变迁过程。。
Period 1 Warming up &speaking
本节课从一个“猜猜她是哪个国家”的游戏导入。接着通过美国地图和一张表格来了解她的概况。然后是一组图片(包括著名的城市和人物)，目的是为听力和阅读做铺垫，降低难度。再做一个对错小测试，增加学生对美国的了解。根据游戏的做法进入口语部分。要求学生写一小段文字描述一个场所，用上useful expression, 让其他学生猜猜是哪里。在写之前先造句，掌握常用句型Are there…? There is …..in the north ..。It is ….metres/ feet long/wide/ high/tall…. It looks like …..
Period 2 Listening &Reading
本节课的中心话题是东部城市纽约和 Ellis Island，通过听力和阅读两个环节完成。先从图片引出纽约城，进入听力。她是美国甚至世界重要的城市，有必要增加一些信息量所以要求学生再阅读一段短文(从高三阅读文章中摘出3小段)，增加信息量。通过几个对错判断来检查学生的理解程度。
Period 3&4 Reading
首先播放两小段视频。一是描述美国南部过去灾难和战争的《飘》，另一个是展现Atlanta的现代与富裕。两者形成鲜明对比，自然导入本节课的学习内容。Skimming通过回答问题了解文章的篇章结构和中心内容。Scanning细节理解，主要是通过完成表格，来对比Atlanta的今天和昨天，突出文章重点(明白Atlanta为什么是典型的南部城市及她又克服了哪些困难才成为一个现代的大都市)及对比性写作的特点。听完课文录音后，要求学生完成一个任务设计，编一段对话。。假设你是一个历史系的学生来到Atlanta旅行，你的笔友带你参观Atlanta，你们一起讨论Atlanta的过去和现在。通过对话编写来检查学生对课文的理解掌握，复习所学的内容。最后拓展思维，不同文化背景的人生活在一个城市里，有何好处和不利之处。
Period 5 Language study
由听写导入复习部分词汇。然后复习构词法。接着是复习非谓语的被动形式。最后通过选择题全面检查学生对这语法项目的掌握情况。
Period 6 Integrating Skill
由bison的图片导入阅读文章。通过回答问题。细节理解，对错判断。完成图表，来了解美国西部历史上大规模屠宰野牛,破坏美洲草原生物链的教训.。最后是写作任务。采用对比手法，帮助美国学生了解你的家乡。
三.教学反思
本单元的话题是美国，着重引导学生注意美国历史的变迁。其实美国的文化，建筑，地理特征，名胜古迹，民间传说，民俗特色，政权形式，科学成就都很值得老师引导学生去了解，这对学好英语是有很大的帮助的。 尤其是能够体会领悟美国的社会特征和人文特点，在学生阅读文章时就能够减少好多障碍。但是内容涉及很广，我们不可能在一个单元的时间内让学生都了解，但是应当鼓励学生上网或去图书馆查阅资料，自主学习。同时也应该提醒学生思考中国和美国这两个国家的相似的地方和不同的地方，做一些比较。
四.教学程序
Teaching plan for Unit 16
Period 1 Warming up & Speaking
Goals:1. Learn about the USA
2.Practise describing places to train the speaking ability
Step 1 Lead-in
T：Now, let’s begin our class. First, I’ll give you some information about the history of a country. Please guess which country it is. Listen carefully. It is a very young country in the world, which has only a history of 200~300 years. There is a Statue of Liberty in the east coast. It is about 46 metres high. The head office of the UN was set up there. Two World Wars didn’t take place there. Now it is the strongest country of the world. Can you guess it?
Ss: Yes. The USA.
Step 2 Warming up
1. Show the map of the U.S.A and help the Ss to get a general idea of her.
Full name
Location
Capital city
The largest city
When was founded
population
2. The U.S.A is a beautiful country. There are many beautiful cities and also great people. Let’s see some pictures. Do you know sth about them?
(George Washington . The first president
Martin Luther King the leader of non-demonstration was killed in 1968
New York the largest city nick name
Atlanta in the south the host of the Olympic Game in 1996
Ellis Island Island of Tears)
3. What else have you known about her ? A quiz (Ex1.)
4. What do you want to know ?
Step 3 Speaking
1. Learn the useful expression. Make a sentence with each pattern.
How long /wide/high/tall is ….?
It’s …metres/feet long/wide/high/tall.
There is …in the north/south/east/west.
It looks like….
2. Write a short passage to describe a place.
3. Play the Guess game.
One student read his short article , the others guess where it is.
Home work: Search the internet to find information about New York.
Period 2 Listening &Reading( about New York and Ellis Island )
Goal: 1.Do some listening to improve the listening ability.
2. Learn more about New York
Step 1 Lead-in
Show a picture of NY.
T: Can you guess when the picture was taken?(it was taken before the date September 11,2001.)How do you know?(Because in the picture, we can see many skyscrapers. Among them, the World Trade Centre and the Empire State Building are most famous, but now the World Trade Centre has already gone. It was exploded by terrorists.)
Step 2. Listening
1. T: Now let’s listen to a radio programme about New York to help Wang Xiao correct the errors in her notes. Turn to the next page. Let’s look at Ex.1 in the listening part. Here are the notes taken by Wang Xiao after he listens to a radio programme about New York. First read it by yourself. Then I’ll play the tape for you to listen. After that, please correct his errors.
Do EX1
2.T:OK.Now let’s listen to the tape again and then answer some concerned questions. Before listening, you need to go through with the questions.(Teacher gives the students one minute to read the questions. Then play the tape for the second time. After that, give the students enough time to discuss the answers and check them.)
3.T:Well done. Please listen to Part 2 of the listening material and then choose the best answers to the question in Ex.3.
(Teacher deals with Ex.3 in the same way. If necessary, play the tape again.)
Step.3 Reading
Now let’s know more about NY by read the following material. (adapted from SB3 Lesson 49)
New York
New York is built on a group of islands on the east coast of the USA at a point where several rivers flow into the ocean. The first westerner to discover these islands was Italian explorer in 1524. In 1626 the island of Manhattan was bought from local Indians, Native Americans, for a handful of goods worth about $24. Today Native Americans express their anger over this business deal. After the War of Independence ended, New York became the capital of the USA for a short time (1789--90) before Washington, D.C.
The building of skyscrapers in New York began around the year 1900. Because Manhattan Island is made of solid rock, it is safe to build very tall buildings. A 55-stored building went up in 1913 , and in 1931 the Empire State Building was completed., then the tallest building in the world. It has 102 storeys and 73 lifts. From the top of it, you could see up to a distance of 130 kilometres on a clear day. Today it is no longer the tallest building in the USA, or even in New York. The World trade Centre , an office building for over 1200 firms employing about 50,000 people, is even higher at 411 metres. The twins towers are 110 storeys high, but high-speed lifts controlled by computer take only a minute to reach the top. The towers are further apart at the top than at the base, but this is no mistake. This is because the surface of the earth is not flat but round. But unfortunately the twin towers were destroyed by terrorist attack on Sep11,2001. …….
New York never sleeps. The underground railway runs 24 hours a day, and there are all –night cinemas, bars and restaurants. Some people think that the weather is unpleasant, the city ugly and dirty, the competition fierce and the streets unsafe. It is a city in a hurry, but a very exciting place to be.
True or False
1.New York is built on an island on the east coast of the USA.
2.These islands were first discovered by an Italian explorer in 1524.
3. New York became the capital of the USA for a short time after Washington, D.C.
4.About a century ago the building of skyscrapers began in New York.
5.Skyscrapers were mainly built on Manhattan Island.
6. Because of a careless mistake, the twin towers of the World Trade Center are further apart at the top than at the base.
Home work: Search the internet to find information about the south of the USA
Period 3&4 Reading.
Goal: 1.learn about the American south.
2. Improve the reading ability
3. Learn and master the following:
suffering unemployment depression reconstruction burn down
aim at in honor of in vain take a chance overcome
be determined to do
step 1 lead-in
1.Play the video of the film “gone with the wind, let the Ss know the hard past of the south
2.Play another video about the city of Atlanta, show the modern and rich of the south
3.Let the Ss know how difference they are. Then tell them they will learn about the history of the south
step 2 Pre-reading
Put the events below in the correct place on the timeline.
30,000 years ago 1600 1861 1930s 1960s
1. the American Civil War 2.The great Depression
3.The Civil Rights Movement 4.The arrival of Native American
5.The arrival of European settlers
Step 3 Skimming(get a general idea of the passage)
Ask the Ss to answer the following questions.
1. What kind of story is the story of the south?
2. Which city is the typical southern city.?
Step 4. Scanning (Get specific ideas )
Ask Ss to read the passage carefully again and make it clear why Atlanta is a typical southern city.
Try to finish the chart below
Why Atlanta is a typical southern city ?
The past In the war
The difficulties the people of Atlanta had to overcome after the war 1. economical _________________
2. political __________
today The success in 1996
Modern Atlanta
Step5 Listening and consolidation
Ask Ss to listen to the tape to get more information
After that, work in pairs to make up a dialogue.
.Task:
A Chinese college student who studies history came to Atlanta for a trip. His pen friend showed him around the city They talked about the history and development of the city.
Step 6 Further understanding(discuss in groups)People of many different background live and work together in Atlanta .What are the advantages of living together with people who are different from you ? Are there any disadvantages?
Homework : Read the passage again and try to
Period 5 Language study.
Goal: 1.Review the new words appearing in the last period.
2.Do some exercises using the rules of word formation
3. Review Non-finite Verbs
Step 1 Word study
1. have a dictation.
( former, greedy, mental, physical, wide spread, chief )
Then do Ex3on page 45
2. About the word formation
Do Ex 2& EX1
Step 2 Grammar---Review Nonfinite Verbs(2)
1..: look at the sentences on the screen.
(Teacher shows the following on the screen.)
It is impossible that lost time can be made up.
2.Rules are made so that they can not be broken.
3.I don’t mind their inviting him.
4.She enjoys their interviewing her.
Try to Rewrite the sentences on the screen using the correct non-finite passive form.
2. Before doing them, review non-finite verbs together.
(:The verb that cannot be used as the predicate is called the non-finite verb. The “v.-ing, v.-ed or to do cannot act as the predicate, so we call them the non-finite verb.”The passive form of them is separately “being done” “or“to be done”.(Teacher writes them on the blackboard.)
动词--ing形式 不定式
形式 主动 被动 主动 被动
一般式 writing Being written To write To be written
进行式 To be writing
完成式 Having written Having been written To have wtitten
3. Do the exercise and check the answers..
Suggested answers:
1.It is impossible for lost time to be made up.
2.Rules are made to be broken.
3.I don’t mind his being invited.
4.She enjoys being interviewed
Step3 Do Ex1&2
Step4. Choose the best answers
(B) 1. I learned a lot _________ in the countryside.
A. working B. while working C. when worked D. to work
(A) 2. It is well known that a tiger looks very ____________.
A. frightening B. frightened C. being frightened D. to frighten
(B) 3. The little boy got too _________ to move.
A. frightening S. frightened C. frighten D. to be frightened
(C) 4. It was getting dark. I found a car ______in a pool by the side of road.
A. stick B. sticking C. stuck D. to be stuck
(C) 5. I have collected the money __________.
A. deeding B. need C. needed D. to need
(B) 6. The glass of water is too hot. I prefer some cold ________ water.
A. boiling B. boiled C. having boiled D. to boil
(A) 7. It’s a good idea _______ to the front of the line.
A. to push B. of pushing C. pushed D. to be pushed
(B) 8. I won’t have you ________up and down all day.
A. ran B. running C. run d. to run
Home work: Search the internet to get some information about the south
Period 6 Integrating Skill
Goal: . 1. Learn about the American plain and the bison
2. Write a short passage about your home town
3. Lear and master the following:
live by doing in huge numbers make a agreements with die out
wide spread be forced to do cut off as a result
Step 1 Lead-in
Show the picture on the screen. And ask Do you know what the animal is called?
(Its name is bison. It is a type of cattle which used to exist in huge numbers on the plains of America)
.Would you like to know more about the bison?
Step 2 Fast-reading
Answer the two questions
1.In what ways did the settlers treat the Native Americans unfairly?
2.What caused a big change in the wildlife on the plains?
Step 3 Careful reading
Tick the sentences that are true and correct the false ones.
1.( )The first settlers on the plains were farmers.
2.( )Native Americans willingly gave up land to the settlers.
3.( )The settlers did not deal honestly with the native Americans.
4.( )Settlers ended up with better land than the native Americans.
5.( )Later settlers made use of the bison in the same way as the native Americans.
Step 4 Post reading
Use what your have learned from the text to complete the diagram below
Step 5 Writing
Imagine that your American pen friend has sent you an e-mail asking for help.
He want to know the history and the development of your home town. Write a letter to him or her comparing the past and today of your home town. The following table may help you.
The past today
Area and population
City building
Transportation
Education and school
The people’s living conditions
unit 11 language points(人教版高二英语下册教案教学设计) 篇4
By Fu Xiaoyan
Unit 20 Archaeology
Period 2 The King of Stonehenge
Teaching Aims
1. Train the students’ reading ability.
2. Learn and master the following words and phrases: distinction, centimetre, clay, arrow, dozen, cushion, spare, tend, tend to, approximately, monument, homeland, in terms of.
3. Talk about archaeological discoveries.
Teaching Important Points
1. Improve students’ reading ability.
2. Help students master the use of some useful words and expressions.
3. Enable the students to understand something about archaeology.
Teaching Difficult Points
1. How to make students master the main idea of each part.
2. How to help the students master the use of some words and phrases.
Teaching Methods
1. Individual work to understand the main idea of the whole passage.
2. Pair work or group work to get every student to take part in the activities.
Teaching Aids
1. Multimedia 2. Blackboard
Teaching Procedures
Step 1. Greetings and Lead-in
Greet the whole class as usual.
Show students some pictures of unearthed objects. And then ask students to answer the two questions:
1. Do you know what they are?
2. Can you tell me why they were buried with the king or emperor after they died?
Encourage students to try their best to talk about these pictures.
Step 2. Scanning
Give the students five minutes to scan the text and find the answers to the questions on the screen. Collect the word and then write down them on the blackboard.
Show the screen:
1. What objects were found in the grave of the King of Stonehenge?
2. What materials were there in the grave?
3. Why were these things given to the king after he died?
Five minutes later, check the answers.
Step 3 Reading
Read the text and ask students to think about this question:
How many reasons are mentioned in the text for the importance of the discovery? What are they?
THE KING OF STONEHENGE
Find the king
↓
The objects found in the grave
↓
Why the discovery is important
↙ ↓ ↘
reason 1 reason 2 reason 3
↓ ↓ ↓
richest and oldest three miles away from Central Europe
By now we’ve had a general idea about the text, but the most important thing for us to know is that the objects are useful to find some information from the cultural relics about the life, culture and some other things in the old times. So we should continue to study the text to see what conclusion we can conclude from the fact. At first let’s read the third paragraph on Page 75.
Step 4 Retelling the text
Give the students 2 or 3 minutes to prepare, and then ask one of them to retell the text. Show some pictures of the Stonehenge on the screen.
Step 5 Discussion
Turn to Page 77, give students some time to discuss these questions in groups and then finish Exercise 3.
Step 6 Summary
We learned the objects in the tomb of the King and the importance of the discovery. But the text also hints that cultural relics are very important and valuable. That is not because they can supply us some very important information about the history of human being.
Step 7 Homework
unit 11 language points(人教版高二英语下册教案教学设计) 篇5
本单元以谈论“科学与幻想”为话题，使学生了解科学与幻想的区别，认识到学习科学的重要性;同时通过对法国科学幻想和冒险小学家儒勒凡尔纳(Jules Verne)及其作品的介绍，激发学生探索宇宙奥秘的兴趣。学习英语构词法。在练习写幻想短文“创造一个类似人类的生物”的实践中，培养书面表达能力，同时拓展学生创造性思维。
单元要点
Word study
1.fantasy 2.league 3.distance 4.ballon 5.fiction 6.servant 7.whale 8.hunter 9.collision 10.permanent 11.guest 12.voyage 13.aboard 14.prisoner 15.gentle 16.marble 17.paraphrase 18.matter 19.phenomena 20.attention 21.labour 22.hesitate 23.butcher 24.curtain 25.lip 1.幻想作品;想象的产物 2.联盟;里格(旧时长度单位) 3.距离 4.气球 5.小说;虚构的事 6.仆人;公务员 7.鲸;巨大的人或事 8.猎人;搜索者9.碰撞;冲突 10.永久的;固定不变的 11.客人;客座教授 12.航海;航空 13.在船(飞机、车)上 14.俘虏;犯人 15.温柔的;有礼貌的 16.大理石 17.意译;释义 18.事情;物质 19.现象;奇迹 20.注意力;留心 21.努力;劳动果实 22.犹豫;踌躇 23.屠夫;买肉者 24.窗帘;幕 25.嘴唇;唇状物
Useful
expressions 1.make a sketch 2.science fiction 3.in the far future 4.come true 5.to make a living 6.lay the foundation 7.sea monster 8.set out to do sth. 9.turn out 10.from that day on 11.begin with… 12.extinct volcano 13.instead of 14.search for 15.dream of 16.throw light upon 17.attract one’s attention 18.slow down 19.in height 20.cut up 1.简单描述;列提纲 2.科幻小说 3.在遥远的未来 4.实现 5.谋生 6.奠定基础 7.海生怪物 8.着手做某事 9.结果是 10.自从那天起 11.以……为开始 12.死火山 13.而不是 14.找寻 15.梦到 16.阐明某事;使某事显得非常清楚 17.引起某人注意 18.使减速慢行 19.在高度上 20.切碎
Sentence
patterns &
Communicative
English 1.Jules spent many years in Paris libraries studying geology, physics and many other subjects.
2.Many of the instruments in his novels will remind the reader of Dr.Benjamin Franklin’s experiments with electricity.
3.By taking the scientific developments of his day one step further, Jules Verne laid the foundation of modern science fiction.
4.He also suggested how inventions could be used in the future to allow man to do things that were considered impossible in his own time.
5.In their efforts to survive, they find themselves on the surface of the monster itself, which turns out to be a submarine.
6.Dressed in diving suits, they walk around in this magic world, lighted by the lamps of the ship.
7.Passing through layers of coal and marble they go deeper and deeper.
8.But I found all that was taught at university very disappointing and decided that I would pioneer a new way, explore unknown powers, and unfold to the world the deepest mysteries of nature.
9.While unfinished, he was ugly, but now he was a living horror.
10.Under water travel and space travel have many things in common.
Grammar Word-formation
Topics &Writing Write a short passage about man’s great dream of creating life.
语言点讲解
1. The French writer Jules Verne wrote famous books, such as 20, 000 Leagues Under the Sea and Around the World in 80 days.法国作家儒勒凡尔纳写了很多著名书籍，比如《海底两万里》和《八十天环游地球》。
(1)Jules Verne 儒勒凡尔纳。法国科学幻想家和冒险小说家。
(2)such as
①like; for example 像;诸如;例如 eg:
Wild flowers such as orchids and primroses are becoming rare.兰花和报春花之类的野花越来越少了。
②everything that凡是 eg:
Such as remains after tax will be yours when I die.我死后全部财产除了交税以外全部给你。
(3)league n.
① former measure of distance (about 3 miles or 4.8 km) 里格(旧时长度单位，约3英里或4.8公里)。 eg:
The horse can run 50 leagues a day. 这匹马一天能跑240公里。
②group of people or countries combined for a particular purpose 联盟;同盟 eg:
The League of Nations is an international organization.国际联盟是一个国际组织。
2. Try the small science quiz below to see if you know any better. 试试下面的科学小测验，看看你是否了解得多些。
any better 更好
any adv. (used with faster, slower, better, etc. , in questions and after if/whether 用于疑问句中，与faster, slower, better等连用;用于if/whether之后)to any degree; at all在任何程度上;丝毫 eg:
I can’t run any faster. 我无法跑得更快了。
Is your father any better? 你父亲有所好转了吗?
3. What is the distance from the earth to the moon? 地球到月球的距离是多少?
(1) distance n. [C, U]
① (amount of) space between two points or places 距离;间距
A good cyclist can cover a distance of over a hundred miles a day.自行车骑得好的人一天可以行驶一百多英里。
②distant place or point 远处;远方 eg:
At a distance of six miles you can’t see much.距离六英里以外的东西很难看清。
(2) at a distance (稍)远处，表示一定的距离，近距离或用以说明具体的距离，其不定冠词a有时可以略去或改用some。 eg:
This picture looks better at a distance. 这幅画远看就好些。
(3) in the distance (far away) 在(较)远处，强调距离之远。 eg:
They were expecting to see in the distance some signs of the enemy.他们期望着发现远处敌人的迹象。
(4) keep sb. at a distance 与某人保持一定距离;不愿与某人亲近eg:
He always keeps anyone at a distance. 他总是不愿与任何人亲近：
4. How fast does a balloon travel? How about an airplane? How about a space shuttle?
一只气球能走多快?一架飞机呢?还有一架航天飞机呢?
(1)ballon
①n. brightly-coloured rubber bag that is filled with air, used as a child’s toy or a decoration(用作玩具或装饰品的)气球 eg:
They bought their son a lot of balloons yesterday.昨天他们给他们的儿子买了很多气球。
②v. swell out like a balloon 如气球一般膨胀 eg:
Her skirt ballooned in the wind. 她的裙子让风吹得鼓起来了。
③go ballooning 乘气球 eg:
They like to go ballooning at weekends. 他们周末喜欢乘气球玩。
(2)How/What about …?……怎么样?常常用来打听消息或提出建议，征求对方意见，后接名词，代词或动名词。 eg:
How about your mother? Does she feel better today?你妈妈怎么样听?她今天觉得好点儿了吗?
(3)space shuttle-spacecraft designed for repeated use, eg between earth and a space station or the moon 航天飞机;太空穿梭机 eg:
I have never seen a space shuttle. 我从未看见过航天飞机。
知识点讲解
1. Fill in the chart on the next page and make a sketch of the animal as they saw.
填写下一页的图表并按他们看到的动物的样子给那种动物作一个速写。
sketch n.
①rough quickly-made drawing, without many details素描;速写;草图
②make a sketch of … 作一个……的速写 eg:
He was good at making a sketch of face. 他擅长作面部素描。
③short account or description, giving only basic details 简短的陈述或素描
④give a sketch of …概述…… eg:
Please give a sketch of your plans. 请概述一下你的计划。
2. description n. describing; picture in words 描述;描绘
(1)give sb. a brief description of …向某人简要地描述…… eg:
Can you give me a brief description of what has happened?你能向我简要描述一下所发生的事吗?
(2)beyond description 难以描述 eg:
Her beauty is beyond description. 她的美貌难以用语言来描述。
(3)give/make a description of …对……加以描述 eg:
He made a description of the thief.他描述了小偷的模样。
(4)describe v. say what sb./sth. is like; depict sth. in words 描述某人/某事物。常构成describe sb./sth. (to/for sb.) eg:
Words cannot describe the beauty of the scene.那景色之美难以言传。
3. Why does Sam need to know the time? 为什么萨姆需要知道时间?
need的用法小结：
(1)need作情态动词，通常用于疑问句、否定句、条件句、whether/if名词从句或含否定意义的句子中。 eg:
I do not see why we need discuss it further.我看我们没有必要讨论下去了。
That’s all settled. It needn’t be talked about.那已全部解决了，没有必要再讨论了。
(2)need又是实义动词，各种变化和用法与普通实义动词相同。 eg:
①They need a rest after a long walk.长距离行走后他们需要休息一下。
②I need you to work for me, young man! 小伙子，我需要你为我工作!
③I need to consult a dictionary. 我需要查字典。
(3)need接动名词主动形式，表示被动含义，这时动名词和主语之间有动宾关系，need doing可转换为need to be done结构，意思相同。
My hair needs washing badly.(=My hair needs to be washed badly.)我的头发非常需要洗一洗。
The garden needs watering.(= The garden needs to be watered.)花园需要洗水。
4. fiction n.
(1)[C] sth. invented or imagined 虚构之事;捏造的故事 eg:
The film was very good although it was a fiction.这部电影虽属虚构，但很好。
(2)[U] (branch of literature concerned with) stories, novels and romances (作为文学之一分支的)小说 eg:
Truth is often stranger than fiction.事实往往比小说还离奇。
(3)science fiction 科幻小说
5. in the future, in future与in the far future.
(1)in the future意思是“将来，今后的时期”，但不一定就是从今立即开始，而是将来的时间。 eg:
No one can know what will happen in the future.没有人会知道将来会发生什么事。
(2)in future意思是“从今以后”(=from now on)。 eg:
In future, be careful with your pronunciation. 今后要注意你的发音。
(3)in the far future 在遥远的未来 eg:
It is possible for doctors to find a way to keep us young forever in the far future.
在遥远的未来，医生有可能找到一种使我们永远年轻的办法。
6. incomplete adj. not complete不完全的 eg:
The passage below is incomplete. Please fill in the blanks using correct prepositions.
下面的文章是不完整的，请用正确的介词填空。
注：incomplete是在complete前加含否定含义的前缀“in-“构成的，表达与complete相反的含义。
7. work with sb.与work with sth.
(1)work with sb.意为“和某人一道工作” eg:
I like to work with him. 我喜欢和他一块儿工作。
(2)work with sth. 意为“从事……方面的研究工作”，“用……工作” eg:
Professor Wang had worked with bees for many years.王教授多年从事蜜蜂的研究工作。
I would rather work with the bigger brush.我宁愿用那把大一点儿的刷子干活。
8. (1) beat, defeat, win与gain
①beat和defeat属一组同义词，它们的宾语必须是人或一个集体，如a team, a class, an school, an army。defeat尤指在战场上打败敌人;beat是游戏、比赛的专门用词。二者常可换。 eg:
We beat their team by 10 points. 我们赢了他们队十分。
In the end their army was defeat/beaten. 最后他们的部队被击(打)败。
②win和gain属一组同义词。Gain表示获得需要之物，它常跟的宾语有one’s living, experience, strength, time, knowledge, attention, respect, admiration 等;win表示在较强的竞争中取得胜利，它常跟的宾语有game, war, prize, fame, battle等。 eg:
We shall gain experience through practice.我们将通过实践获得经验。
They won the battle but lost many men.他们取得了这次战斗的胜利，但牺牲了很多人。
(2)beat, hit, strike与tap
beat着重“连续性地击打”，如殴打或体罚，也指在游戏、竞赛或战争中击败对方。此外，beat还可用来指心脏的跳动。strike通常表示打一下，打若干下等意思，不一定都是有意的，还可指罢工，(钟)敲响之意。hit指“打中”或“对准……来打”，着重敲打或打击对方的某一点。tap一般是轰轰拍打的意思。 eg:
The wheat was beaten down by the rain. 麦子被雨水打得伏倒了。
The stone hit him on the head.石头击中了他的头部。
It strikes a bug’s back with is forelegs and feelers.它(蚂蚁)用前腿和触角敲打臭虫的背部。
It taps on the other’s head with its feelers, using a kind of telegraph code.
它(蚂蚁)像使用一种电码的方式一样，用触角轻敲对方的头部。
9. Doctors may find a way to keep us young forever.医生可能会找到一种使我们永远保持年轻的办法。
(1)“way”意为“方式，方法”，在其后要用to do或of doing的形式作后置定语。 eg:
Cao chong thought out a way to weigth/of weighing the elephant.曹冲想出了一个称象的办法。
(2)此外，如果way之后跟定语从句，那么这个定语从句用in which或that引导，也可省略。 eg:
This was the way that/in which they solved the problem.这就是他们解决那个问题的办法。
10. believe sb. 与believe in sb.
believe sb.相信某人(所说的话是真的)
believe in sb.信任某人 eg:
I believe him, but I can’t believe in him.我相信他的话是真的，但我不能信任他。
生词和词组
1. bulb n.
①(also light bulb) pear-shaped glass container for the filament of an electric light 电灯泡 eg:
If you have time, please change a bulb.如果你有时间的话，请换个灯泡。
②thick rounded underground stem of certain plants(eg the lily, onion, tulip) sending roots downwards and leaves upwards. 鳞茎;球茎(如百合、洋葱、郁金香的茎) eg:
We cooked onion bulbs for food. 我们烹调洋葱茎作为食物。
③object shaped like a bulb 球状物 eg:
The bulb of this thermometer is broken.这支温度计的球状顶端碎了。
2. foundation n.
①[U] act of founding (an institution, organization, etc.) (机构，组织等的)建立，创立，创办 eg:
He devoted all his energy to the foundation of the university.
他把全部精力都致力于这所大学的创办。
②[C,U] principle, idea or fact on which sth. is based; basis(作为某事的)基本原则、思想或事实;基础 eg:
This success laid the foundation of his career.这次成功为他的事业奠定了基础。
③foundation course 基础课
④ foundation-stone 奠基石
⑤found v.建立，创立
⑥founder n. 建立者;缔造者
3. servant n.
①person who works in sb. else’s household for wages, and often for food and lodging 仆人;佣人 eg:
He had a lot of servants work for him. 他让很多仆人为他工作。
②employee, esp. a faithful and devoted one 雇员(尤指忠心耿耿的);公务员 eg:
He was a trusted servant of the company. 他是这个公司里的一个可靠雇员。
4. whale
(1)n. any of several types of very large mammal that live in the sea, some of which are hunted for their oil and flesh 鲸 eg:
A whale is not a fish.鲸不是鱼。
(2)have a whale of a time(习语)玩得非常愉快 eg:
The children had a whale of a time at the fairground.孩子们在游乐场玩得很高兴。
(3)v. hunt whales 捕鲸 eg:
They are whaling at sea. 他们正在海上捕鲸。
(4)whaler n.捕鲸;捕鲸的人
5. hunter n. person who hunts 猎人;搜索者;搜寻者 eg:
The hunter lost his way in the forest when he went hunting that day.
那个猎人那天去打猎的时候在森林里迷了路。
6. collision n. [C,U]
①(instance of) one object or person striking against another; (instance of) colliding; crash(物与物或人与人)相撞，碰撞，撞坏
常构成：collision with sb./sth. 与某人/某物相撞
collision between A and B A与B相撞 eg:
The collision between two cars caused 3 deaths. 两车相撞造成三人死亡。
②strong disagreement; conflict or clash of opposing aims, ideas, opinions, etc.抵触;(相反的目的、看法、意见等的)冲突 eg:
Her political activities brought her into collision with the law.她的政治活动触犯了法律。
7. overboard adv.
①over the side of a ship or boat into the water 从船上落(或抛)入水中;在船外 eg:
The sailor jumped overboard into the sea. 那位水手从船上跳入水中。
②go overboard (about sb./sth.) 对(某人/某事)极感兴趣或过分感兴趣 eg:
He goes overboard about ever young woman he meets.他对年轻的女子见一个爱一个。
③throw sth./sb. overboard 抛弃某事物;除掉或不再支持某人 eg:
After heavily losing the election, the party threw their leader overboard.该党惨败落选后罢免了党魁。
8. submarine n. naval vessel that can operate underwater welll as on the surface 潜水艇 eg:
A submarine travels under the surface of the sea.潜水艇在海面下行驶。
9. permanent adj.
①lasting or expected to last for a long time or for ever 永久的;永恒的;长久的;长期的 eg:
She is looking for permanent employment.她正在找固定的工作。
②not likely to change 不大可能改变的 eg:
She wrote down my permanent address. 她写下了我的固定地址。
10. guest
(1)n. person invited to visit one’s house or being entertained at one’s expense宾客;客人 eg:
We are expecting guests this weekend. 我们本周末要来客人。
(2)n. person staying at a hotel, boarding house, etc.住在旅馆、寄宿处等的人;旅客 eg:
This hotel has accommodation for 500 guests.这旅馆能接待500位客人。
(3)客座教授 eg:
Professor Wang, our guest tonight, will give us a speech on DNA.
我们的客座教授王教授，今晚要给我们作一个关于DNA的演讲。
(4)v. appear as a guest on a television or radio programme(在电视或广播节目中)客串 eg:
She often guests on a radio programme.她经常在一个广播节目中客串。
11. voyage (1)n. long journey, esp. by sea or in space 航行;(尤指)航海，航天 eg:
They made a voyage across the Atlantic.他们作了一次横越大西洋的航行。
(2)v. go on a voyage; travel 航行;航海;航天飞行 eg:
A plane crashed down when it voyaged through space.一架飞机作航天飞行时坠毁了。
(3)voyager n. 航行者;航海者;航天者
12. aboard adv. On or into a ship, an aircraft, a train or (esp. U.S.) a bus在船(或飞机、车)上;上船;登机 eg:
We went aboard. 我们上了船。
13. prisoner n.
①person kept in prison, as a punishment or awaiting trial犯人;囚犯 eg:
He was kept as a prisoner.他作为一个囚犯被关了起来。
②person that has been captured被抓起来的人;俘虏;失去自由的人 eg:
You are our prisoner now.你现在是我们的俘虏了。
14. gentle adj. mild; kind; careful; not rough, violent or severe 温和的;慈祥的;小心的;温柔的;文雅的;轻轻的 eg:
I met a gentle old woman yesterday. 我昨天遇到了一个慈祥的老太太。
15. extinct adj. ①(esp. of a type of animal, etc.) no longer in existence(尤指某种动物等)不再存在的;绝种的;灭绝的 eg:
If we continue to destroy the countryside, many more animals will become extinct.
我们若继续破坏乡村环境，将会有更多的动物绝种。
②(fire or hope) ge out(火，希望等)熄灭了的 eg:
The fire was extinct.火灭了。
16. layer [′leI (r)] n. ① thickness of material (esp. one of several) laid over a surface or forming a horizontal division层(尤指数层之一) eg:
Several thin layers of clothing will keep you warmer than a thick one.穿几层薄的衣服总比穿一层厚的衣服暖和。
②person who lays sth. on… 铺设者
17. marble
(1)n. types of hard limestone used, when cut and polished, for building and sculpture 大理石 eg:
These steps are made of marble. 这些台阶是大理石建造的。
(2) marbles (pl.) collection of marble sculptures; works of art in marble 大理石雕刻品;大理石艺术品
(3)adj. like marble 像大理石的 eg:
She has marble skin. 她有着大理石般光洁的皮肤。
18. paraphrase
(1)v. express the meaning of (a piece of writing, statement, etc.) in different words, esp. in order to make it easier to understand将(一段文字等)释义或意译(尤指为易于理解) eg:
He paraphrased a speech in colloquial English.他用通俗英语意译了一篇演讲稿。
(2)n. rewording of a piece of writing, statement, etc. , especially in order to make it easier to understand
(对一段文字等的)释义，意义(尤指为易于理解) eg:
The paraphrase of the sonnet is easy to understand.该十四行诗的意译易于理解。
19. definition [U] n. stating the exact meaning (of words, etc.)(词语等的)释义 eg:
Dictionary writers must be skilled in ther art of definition.
辞书编纂者必须精于给词语下定义的技巧。
20. misbehave v. behave badly or improperly 行为不端;举止不当 eg:
She misbehaved. 她行为不端。
21. subtitle n. (usu. pl. 通常作复数) (esp. cinema 尤用于电影)
words printed on a film that translate the dialogue of a foreign film, give those of a silent film or (on television) supply dialogue for deaf viewers 字幕 eg:
Without the subtitles I would not understand the film.没有字幕的话我就理解不了这部电影。
22. interchangeable adj. that can be interchanged, esp. without affecting the way in which sth. works 可交换的，可互换的，可交替的(尤指不影响操作的) eg:
The two words are interchangeable. 这两个单词是可互换的。
23. underpants n. short undergarment worn by men and boys covering the lower part of the body(男用)内裤 eg:
He stood there in his underpants. 他只穿内裤站在那儿。
24. study law study 研究;学习;求学。 study law意为“研究法律”，law前不加冠词，类似的用法还有study medicine“研究医学”。 eg:
He wanted to study law. 他想学法律。
25. make a living与make one’s living意为“谋生”，这里的make也可换成earn/gain/get。在表达“靠做……以谋生”之意时，常用短语earn/gain/get/make a/one’s living by doing sth./as a…。 eg:
Before liberation, her grandfather made a/his living by working for a land owner.解放前，她爷爷靠给一个地主干活为生。
26. …allow man to do things … ……允许人类做……, allow可构成以下结构：
allow sb. to do sth.→被动：sb. be allowed to do sth.
allow doing sth.允许做某事 eg:
Mother doesn’t allow me to go out at night. 妈妈不允许我晚上外出。
They didn’t allow smoking here. 这儿不允许吸烟。
类似用法的动词还有：advise, permit, forbid等词。
27. set out与set off
(1)set out意为“出发/启程”，表达“动身去某地”时用“set out for sp.”此时可与“set off for sp.”互换。 eg:
They set out for town at dawn.他们在拂晓动身进城了。
(2)set out to do sth.意为“开始做某事”。 eg:
When everything was ready, the doctor set out to perform the operation.一切准备就绪，医生就开始动起手术来了。
28. on board上船(或飞机、火车、汽车等);在船上(或飞机上、火车上、汽车上)。 eg:
As soon as we went on board, our ship left the port.我们一上船，船就出港了。
29. from that day on从那天起，“from+时间+on”表示“从……时候起”，如“from then/now/ on”表示“从那时/现在/起”之意。可与现在、过去、将来的时态连用。 eg:
From then on she knew she would win. 从那时起她就知道她将取胜。
30. defend … against/from …保护/保卫/防御……抵御/免遭 eg:
The soldiers defended their country against enemies.战士们保卫他们的祖国抵御敌人。
It is the nature of a mother to defend her child from harm.保护自己的孩子不受伤害是一个母亲的天性。
同、近义词辨析
1. electric与electrical
(1)electric电的;用电的;带电的;发电的
an electric current/torch/iron 电流/电筒/电熨斗 eg:
He bought an electric torch yesterday.昨天他买了一个手电筒。
(2)electrical关于电的
electrical engineering电机工程学 eg:
He majored in electrical engineering in the college.他在大学里主修电机工程学。
2. discover, find out与invent
(1)discover指“发现”某种本来存在，而以前未被发现的事物或未为人所知的东西。
(2)find out常用来指“弄明白、搞清楚、查出(某一真相)”，做“发现”讲时，是指发现一种无形而隐藏的东西。
(3)invent表“发明”之意，意思是发明出以前没有的东西，往往是物质性的东西。 eg:
Gilbert discovered electricity, but Edison invented the light bulb.吉伯特发现了电，而爱迪生发明了灯泡。
Think over and you’ll find out that you are wrong.仔细想想，你就会发现你错了。
3. instead与instead of
instead是副词;instead of为介词短语，后接名词，代词，动名词或介词短语，从句等形式。一般情况下，含有instead of的句子可以改写为含有instead的句子。 eg:
He stayed in bed all day instead of going to school.
=He didn’t go to school. Instead, he stayed in bed all day.他没去上学，而是在床上躺了一整天。
I didn’t drink water. I drank juice instead.
=I drank juice instead of water. 我没有喝水，而是喝的果汁。
4. late, lately, latest, later与latter
(1)late指比预料的或正常的时间晚。 eg:
I was late for work again.我上班又迟到了。
(2)lately“近来”，常用于疑问句，否定句，或与only连用或用于as lately as中。肯定句中用recently。 eg:
Have you seen her lately?你最近看到过她吗?
(3)latest adj.“最近的”、“最新的” eg:
Have you got the latest news about him? 你有他最近的消息吗?
(4)later“后来”，“较晚的时候”，也可和段时间连用，表示从过去或将来某一时间起，多长时间以后。 eg:
Later the boy found his mother. 后来那个男孩找到了他妈妈。
(5)latter用来表示两事物之间的顺序，意为“后一个/后者”，与the former(前者)相对。 eg:
Of these two men the former is dead, but the latter is still alive.此二人中前者已死，但后者仍活着。
5. at the beginning与in the beginning
(1)at the beginning通常接of短语，表示“在……初”，“在……开始的时候”，它的反义短语是at the end of。 eg:
Great changes took place at the beginning of the century.在那个世纪初发生了巨大的变化。
(2)in the beginning表示“起初”，“开始的时候”，不与of介词短语连用。但at the beginning偶尔也可单独使用，在意思上与in the beginning区别不大。 eg:
In the beginning nobody took any notice of his words.起初没人理睬他的话。
6. finally, at last与in the end
(1)finally一般指一系列事物或论点按排列的最后一项内容，或用在动词前，表示等了好久才……，没有感情色彩。 eg:
Finally, let’s do some exercises.最后我们来做一些练习吧。
(2)at last往往表示经过一番努力或曲折的过程之后的意思，常常有较浓的感情色彩。 eg:
At last, he got hold of the elephant’s tail. 他最后终于抓住了大象的尾巴。
(3)in the end可与finally和at last通用。 eg:
The war lasted four years before the North won in the end.
这场战争持续了四年，最后北方取得了胜利。(但in the end可预卜未来。)
知识点讲解
1. Jules spent many hours in Paris libraries studying geology, physics and many other subjects.
儒勒在巴黎图书馆花费很长时间研究地质学，物理学和许多其他的学科。
spend“花费”，常用于下面的结构：
spend money/time on sth./(in) doing sth. 在某事/做某事方面花费钱/时间
eg: He does not spend much time on his homework.他在做作业上花费不了多少时间。
注意区别spend与take。
Take的用法是：It takes/took/will take sb. Some time to do sth.“做某事花费某人多少时间” eg:
It took him two hours to finish the work. 完成这份工作花费了他两个小时。
2. Many of the instruments in his novels will remind the reader of Dr Benjamin Franklin’s experiments with electricity. 他小说里所提到的许多设备会让读者想起本杰明富兰克林用电做的实验。
remind提醒;使想起;可构成以下结构：
(1)remind sb. of sth./sb. 使某人想起某事/某人 eg:
Please remind me to answer that letter.请提醒我回复那封信。
(2)remind sb. of sth./sb. 使某人想起某事/某人 eg:
He reminds me of his brother. 他使我想起他哥哥。
(3)remind sb. that从句。 提醒某人某事 eg:
He reminded me that I didn’t finish my work.他提醒了我，说我没完成自己的工作。
3. By taking the scientific developments of his day on step further, Jules Verne laid the foundation of modern science fiction. 通过将他所处时代的科学发展向前推进一步，儒勒凡尔纳奠定了现代科幻小说的基础。
by在本句是介词，说明手段或方式，可译作“通过，用，以，由于”等，其后常跟名词或动词-ing形式。 eg:
This pair of shoes is made by hand. 这双鞋是手工做的。
By helping them we are helping to save ourselves. 帮助他们就等于救了我们自己。
注意by表达这种含义时与with和in的区别;表示使用有形的工具或器官时要用with，其后的名词前一般应用冠词。使用某种语言，表示用墨水、颜色、颜料等“原料”或“材料”都用in，且名词前不用冠词。 eg:
It is my practice(习惯) to do my writing with a pencil. 我习惯用铅笔写。
Can you sing this song in English? 你能用英语唱这首歌吗?
It is impolite to write a letter in red ink. 用红墨水写信是不礼貌的。
4. In their efforts to survive, they find themselves on the surface of the monster itself, which turns out to be a submarine. 在他们努力求生时，发现自己就在怪兽身体的表面上，结果怪兽竟然是一艘潜水艇。
(1)这里的which引导一个非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the monster itself。
(2)in their efforts中的in表示“正在进行的动作或状态”。 eg:
He is always in action.他总是在行动中。
W seem to be in agreement on the matter.在这件事上我们的意见看来是一致的。
(3)turn out to be“结果是……”，“最后情况是……” eg:
Though it looked like rain this morning, it has turned out to be a fine day.尽管今早看起来要下雨，最后却是晴天。
The meeting turned out to be very successful. 结果那个会议很成功。
5. They are taken on board and Captain Nemo decides not to kill them but makes them his permanent guests.
他们被带到了艇上。尼莫船长决定不杀死他们而是使他们成为他永久的客人。
(1)decide to do sth. 决定做某事;decide not to do sth.决定不做某事 eg:
We decided not to go abroad for the time being. 我们决定暂时不出国了。
(2)not…but…“不是……而是……”，连接两个并列成分，如连接两个并列宾语，两个并列表语或两个并列主语等。注意当not…but…连接两个并列主语时，句子的谓语动词要采用就近一致的原则，即与but后的主语保持一致。 eg:
He can speak not Chinese but Japanese.他不会讲汉语会讲日语。
He is not a poet but a writer. 他不是诗人而是作家。
Not I but he is fond of football. 不是我而是他喜欢足球。
(3)…makes them his permanent guests中的his permanent guests用来作them的补足语。
6. The furniture is precious and huge glass windows that can be opened and closed give a view of the underwater world. 摆设很精致，巨大的玻璃窗可以打开或关上，让人看到水下世界。
(1)这里的that引导一个定语从句(that can be opened and closed)用于修饰先行词huge glass windows.
(2)a view of …“……的景色”或“看;眺望;观察”之意。 eg:
There’s a view of the river from my windows.在我的窗前可看到河上风光。
If you stand here you’ll get a better view of the procession.如果你站在这里，就可以更清楚地看到游行队伍。
7. All that is needed for life on board comes from the ocean.艇上所有生活所需全部来自于海洋。
That is needed for life on board是定语从句，修饰先行词all。
注：(1)当先行词是不定代词all, everything, few, little, much, something, anything, nothing等时，宾语从句只能由that引导。 eg:
The boy handed in everything that he had picked up in the street to the police. 那个男孩把他在大街上捡到的一切东西都交给了警察。
(2)all that=what eg:
All that the said was true.=What he said was true.他所说的一切都是真的。
8. Dressed in diving suits, they walk around in this magic world, lighted by the lamps of the ship. 他们穿着潜水衣，在船上灯的照射下在这个魔幻世界中四处走动。
(1)dress ①vt. “给某人穿衣服”用于“dress sb.”结构中。dress oneself意为“给自己穿衣服”;be dressed in意为“穿着……”。 The gentleman is dressed in a modern coat.那位先生穿着一件很新潮的衣服。
②vi. “穿着/打扮”之意 eg:
She dressed well. 她穿得很好。
(2)walk around四处走动 eg:
He walked around in the room. 他在房间里走来走去。
9. (1)They find themselves surrounded by colorful rocks, fishes, shells and plants, all waving and moving slowly in the blue waters. 他们发现自己被彩色的岩石、鱼、贝壳和植物包围着，这些东西在蓝色的海域中慢慢地摇曳移动着。
(2)But at other moments you will find him gentle and weak, when he cries about the lost lives of people drowned in ships that have sunk. 但是在其他时刻，当他为了那些随着沉船一起被淹死的人而哭泣时，你又会发现他温柔又脆弱。
上面两句中的find themselves surrounded和find him gentle and weak都是find的常见用法。这里surrounded是过去分词，gentle和weak是形容词，它们都用来做宾补。find的此种用法可归纳为：find+sb./sth.+adj./介词短语/doing/done/adv./n. 。 eg:
I found the ground covered with snow when I opened the door.当我打开门的时候我发现地面铺满了雪。
When he came in, he found a thief stealing his money.他进来的时候，他发现一个小偷天在偷他的钱。
10. Passing through layers of coal and marble they go deeper and deeper. 穿过煤层和大理石层他们走得越来越深了。
deeper and deeper越来越深
这种“比较级+and+比较级”结构表达“越来越……”之意。 eg:
summer comes, the weather is hotter and hotter.夏天已经到了，天气越来越热了。
典型病句诊断
1.病句：We are not allowed playing with fire.
诊断：We are not allowed to play with fire.
点拨：把句中的playing改为to play。本句使用的是allow sb. to do sth.的被动语态，应该是sb. be allowed to do sth.
2.病句：He has set out to Beijing.
诊断：He has set out for Beijing.
点拨：把句中的to改为for。“动身去某地”用“set out for sp.”是固定搭配。
3.病句：This machine has an electric fault.
诊断：This machine has an electrical fault.
点拨：把句中的electric改为electrical。Electric是“用电的/带电的/发电的/电的”之意，而electrical表达“有关于电的”之意。根据本句之意，应表达“有关电的毛病”，所以要把electric改为electrical。
4.病句：Columbus found out America.
诊断：Columbus discovered America.
点拨：found out表示“弄明白，搞清楚”之意。而“哥伦布发现了美洲”很明显应是发现本来就存在而以前未能发现的美洲，应用discover表达这种含义。
5.病句：We’ll have a party in the open air instead in the house.
诊断：We’ll have a party in the open air instead of in the house.
点拨：instead是副词，而介词短语instead of后面才能跟介词短语。若用instead，上句可改为：We won’t have a party in the house. Instead we will have it ni the open air.。
6.病句：What have you been doing latest?
诊断：What have you been doing lately?
点拨：“latest”是adj. ，表达“最新的;最近的”之意，而句中需要一个副词表达“最近”之意。
7.病句：I took 3 hours doing my homework.
诊断：I spent 3 hours doing my homework.
点拨：spend表“花费”之意，其结构是“sb. spend(s)/spent/will spend some time on sth./(in) doing sth.”。而take当“花费”讲时，结构是“It take/took/will take sb. some to do sth.”。
8.病句：These old pictures reminded me my childhood.
诊断：These old pictures reminded me of my childhood.
点拨：remind不能跟双宾语，即不能构成remind sb. sth.结构，表达“提醒某人某事”时要用“remind sb. of sth.”结构。
9.病句：What have you done by the old things?
诊断：What have you done with the old things?
点拨：by之后加手段或方式，with之后加有形的工具或器官。The old things是工具，所以用with。其次，do with还有“处理”，“放置”之意。
10.病句：All which she did made us very surprised.
诊断：All that she did made us very surprised.
点拨：当先行词为不定代词时，定语从句应由that引导，不能用which。all为不定代词。其他的不定代词如everything, something, little, much等也符合这种用法。
单元语法知识归纳：构词
在英语中，词的构成方法主要有三种，即合成、转化和派生。
1.合成法：把两个或两个以上独立的词合成一个新词的方法叫合成法，也叫合词法。
(1)合成名词highway 公路
(2)合成形容词hand-made 手工制作的 good-looking相貌好看的 dark-blue 深蓝
(3)合成动词ill-treat 虐待 mass-produce 大规模生产 safe guard 保卫
(4)合成副词however 然而 downstairs 在楼下
(5)合成代词 anybody nobody something
2.转化法：转化是指词由一种词类转化为另一种词类。
(1)动词转化为名词
常用give, take, have, make等动词与其搭配构成动词词组，表示一个动作。 eg:
give a smile 微笑 give a tick 踢 take a seat 就座
take a bath 洗澡 have a swim 游泳 have a talk谈话 make a wish 许愿
(2)形容词转化为副词
How long is the road?那条路有多条?(形容词)
How long have you been working there? 你在那里工作了多久?(副词)
(3)形容词转化为动词 eg:
The storm slowed down to half its speed. 风暴速度减慢了一半。
The girls gradually quieted down. 女孩子们慢慢安静了下来了。
(4)名词转化为动词 eg:
The hall can seat two thousand people.大厅能坐人。
The passengers have booked their plane ticket.旅客们已经订了飞机票。
(5)形容词转化为名词
Something has gone wrong with the tool.工具出了点毛病。(形容词)
Little children didn’t know the difference between right and wrong.小孩子不能辨别是非。(名词)
3.派生法
派生是由词根加词缀(前缀、后缀)构成新词。除少数前缀外，前缀一般只改变词的意义，不改变词性;后缀一般只改变词性，不引起词义的变化。
前 缀 例 词
a-构成形容词、副词 Alive(活着的), abroad(在国外), alone
dis-(否定) discourage, disagree
en-(使可能) enrich, enable(使成为可能)，endanger
in-(ill, im-, ir-)(不，非) invisible(看不见), illogical(不合逻辑的), impossible, irregular(不规则的)
inter-(相互，之间) international, interchange
mis-(误) mislay, misunderstand(误会),mislead(误导)
re-(重复，再) recycle(循环),remarry, rewrite
tele-(远程) telephone, telegraph, telecommunications(电信)
un-(不)，non-(不，非) unfair, unknown, noon-conductor(非导体)
后 缀 例 词
名
词 -er……者 foreigner, traveler, speaker, reader
-ese……地方的人 Chinese, Japanese, Vietnamese
-ian 精通……的人，……地方的人 musician, technician(技术员)， African, Asian
-ist 专业人员 pianist, physicist, scientist, violiinist
-ment性质，状态 movement(运动), development, encouragement
-ness性质，状态 illness, shyness, sadness, business
-or器具，……者 tractor, visitor, professor, actor
名
词 -tion表示动作、过程、结果 ageneration(世代)，suggestion, invention, action
形
容
词
practical(实用的),international, final
American, Italian, Australian
southern, northern, eastern
helpful, useful, harmful
reasonable, capable, eatable
foolish, British, English selfish
active, native(本族的),expensive, adoptive
windy, sleepy, healthy, sunny
careless, selfless(无私心的),harmless, useless
动
词 -fy使……化 simplify(简化), terrify(恐吓), satisfy
-ize使……成为 realize(实现), organize, stabilize, modernize
副
词 -ly表示方式、程度 badly, truly, angrily, suddenly
-ward(s)表示方向 toward(s), backward, outward(s)(向外)
数
词 -teen十 fourteen, eighteen, thirteen
-ty整十位数 forty, fifty, eighty, twenty
-th序数词 twelfth, twentieth, fourth
知识记忆
1.collision n.碰撞，冲突
a head-on collision正面冲突或相撞
He was killed in a car collision.他在一次汽车相撞中死亡。
His car had a collision with a bus.他的车与公交车相撞了。
A collision with Parliament could ruin the government’s plans.与议会的冲突可能会破坏政府的计划。
be in collision (with)/come into collision (with)(与……)冲突，相撞，发生矛盾
The two ships came into collision.那两只船相撞了。
People with revolutionary ideas may find themselves in collision with the forces of the law.
想革命的人会发现他们自己与法律的势力水火不相容。
2.permanent adj.永久的，固定的，长期不变的
permanent peace 长久的和平
a permanent job 固定的职业
The drug may cause permanent brain damage.这种药可能会引起永久性的脑部伤害。
This is my permanent address.这是我的固定居所。
After doing odd jobs for a week, he got a permanent job.做了一个星期的零工后，他找到了一份固定工作。
3.voyage n.航海，航行
The ship set out on a long voyage.那艘船出发进行长途航行。
The voyage to England took seven days.这次去英国的航行时间是七天。
We made a voyage to Australia.我们航行到了澳大利亚。
He is now on the voyage home.他正在返航途中。
David went on a voyage around the world.大卫作了环游世界的航行。
When I give up work I shall make/take a long sea voyage.我离职后要作一次长途航海旅行。
4.aboard adv.在船(飞机、车)上，上船，上飞机
All aboard! 各位请上船(飞机、车)!
Welcome aboard! 欢迎大家乘船(飞机、车)!
All 257 aboard died in the airliner crash.那次飞机失事中，机上的257名乘客全部遇难。
We got aboard though the boat was crowded.虽然船上很拥挤，我们还是上了船。
He came running along and climbed aboard just as the train was to pull out.
就在火车即将开动时，他跑过来了并爬上了火车。
5.gentle adj.温和的，温柔的，有礼貌的，文雅的
Mothers are always gentle with their children.母亲对待孩子总是温柔体贴。
My new teacher is both gentle and encouraging toward me.我的新老师对我既温和又鼓励。
Mary is very gentle; she never talks roughly.玛丽很文雅，她从来不说粗话。
She was small, and gentle in her voice and movements.她小巧玲珑，声音温柔，动作文雅。
She gave the baby a gentle pat on the back.她在小孩的背上轻轻地拍了一下。
6.throw light on/upon使……显得非常清楚
The modern scientific development has thrown light on this question.现代科学的发展已使这个问题明朗化。
Can you throw any light on the problem? 你能把这个问题阐述清楚吗?
The information throws light upon the mystery of Dr Bake.这个信息可以解开贝克医生之迷。
7.matter n.事情，问题[C];物质，内容[U]
a private matter 私事
the matter under discussion 讨论中的问题
Political matters interest him greatly.他对政治问题深感兴趣。
It’s no laughing matter.这不是开玩笑的事。
The world is made up of matter.世界是由物质组成的。
Matter exists in three states: solid, liquid and gas.物质以三种形态存在，即固体、液体和气体。
The matter in your essay is excellent.你文章的内容写得很好。
8.phenomena n.[pl.]现象，奇迹(单数形式是phenomenon)
Rain and snow are phenomena of the weather.下雨和下雪是天气现象。
The phenomena were observed by astronomers throughout the world.全世界的天文学家都观测到了这种现象。
That’s a natural phenomenon.那是一种自然现象。
An eclipse is an interesting phenomenon.日食是很有趣的现象。
Beethoven was a phenomenon among musicians.贝多芬是音乐家中的奇才。
A child who can play the piano at the age of two would be called a phenomenon.两岁就能弹钢琴的小孩可称为奇才。
9.labour n.努力;劳动，劳动果实
mental labour 脑力劳动 physical labour 体力劳动
Workers are paid for their labour.工人以劳动获得报酬。
His new book is the product of some three years’ labour.这本新书是他大约三年努力的成果。
It is labour to read the Bible through.读完圣经是件相当吃力的工作。
10.hesitate vi.犹豫，迟疑，踌躇
She hesitated before picking up the phone.她在拿起听筒前犹豫了一下。
She’s still hesitating about sending her son to college.她对于要不要送儿子进大学一事仍然犹豫不决。
We seldom hesitate about where to stay in Paris.去巴黎要住哪儿，我们很少有拿不定主意的情况。
Don’t hesitate to tell me if you have any requests.如果你有什么要求，请告诉我，不要犹豫。
I hesitate to ask you, but will you recommend me for the post?
向你提要求真不好意思，请你推荐我去担任那项职务好吗?
hesitation n.犹豫，踌躇
without hesitation毫不犹豫
I had no hesitation in telling the truth.我毫不迟疑地说出了实情。
发散思维
1.distance n.距离
当询问距离是多少时，要用what提问。
What’s the distance to London? 到伦敦的距离是多少?
distance的修饰语常用some,good,great,long,short等。
It’s a good distance away.离得很远。
The villagers have to walk a long distance to get water.村民们要走很远去取水。
distance常构成下列短语：
within walking distance“在步行可及的地方，几步之遥”
The park is within (easy) walking distance of my house.公园离我家只有几步之遥。
My parents live within walking distance of me.我父母住在我家附近。
at/from a distance (of)“从远处”
This picture looks better at a distance.从远处看，这张画更好看。
Now and then he stepped back to look at his work from a distance.他不时地退后几步从远处看一看他的作品。
One can see the ancient ruins at/from a distance of 20 miles.人们从20英里之处就能看到这个古迹。
in the distance“在远处，远方的”
A ship could be seen in the distance.可以看到远方有一艘船。
I made out three figures moving in the distance.我看到远处有三个黑影在活动。
keep sb.at a distance “与某人保持一段距离，不很亲密”
Mr.Smith is kind to the workers in his store, but after work he keeps them at a distance.
史密斯先生对他商店的工人很好，但下班后却与他们不很亲密。
It was difficult to get to know her because she always kept everyone at a distance.
很难搞懂她，因为她总是与人保持一定的距离。
2.attention n.注意力，注意，留心，关心
It is difficult to hold the students’ attention for more than an hour.
要让学生们持续集中注意力达一个小时以上，真是很难。
This matter requires our close attention.这件事我们必须密切注意。
He drew attention to the rising unemployment.失业率日渐升高引起了他的注意。
We listened with attention to what he said.我们倾听他所说的话。
My grandfather is over eighty and needs a lot of attention.我的祖父年过八十，需要经常照顾。
The patient needed immediate attention.这位病人需要立即治疗。
常构成的短语：
pay/give attention to 注意 attract/catch/draw/get one’s attention 吸引某人的注意
focus one’s attention on 集中注意力于 devote one’s attention to 专心于
turn one’s attention to 将注意力转向
背景知识
Jules Verne
Jules Verne(1828~1905),French writer and pioneer of science fiction,whose best known works today are Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea(1870)and Around the World in Eighty Days(1873).
Jules Gabriel Verne was born on February 8,1828,in Nantes,France.His parents were of a seafaring tradition,a factor which influenced his writings.As a boy,Jules Verne ran off to be a cabin boy on a merchant ship,but he was caught and returned to his parents.In 1847 Jules was sent to study law in Paris.While there,however,his passion for the theatre grew.Later in 1850,Jules Verne’s first play was published.His father was outraged when he heard that Jules was not going to continue law,so he discontinued the money he was giving him to pay for his expenses in Paris.This forced Verne to make money by selling his stories.
After spending many hours in Paris libraries studying geology,engineering,and astronomy, Jules Verne published his first novel Five Weeks in a Balloon(1863).Soon he started writing novels such as Journey to the Center of the Earth(1864),From the Earth to the Moon(1866),and Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea(1873).
Because of the popularity of these and other novels,Jules Verne became a very rich man.In 1876,he bought a large yacht and sailed around Europe.His last novel The Invasion of the Sea appeared in 1905.
Jules Verne died in the city of Amines on March 24,1905.
课文译文
儒勒凡尔纳：科幻小说的鼻祖
儒勒凡尔纳在1828年出生于法国。他的父亲送他去巴黎学习法律，但儒勒却对戏剧产生了热爱。为了谋生，儒勒不得不从事写作并卖掉自己的作品。凡尔纳花了好多时间在巴黎图书馆研究地质学、物理学和其他学科。在他的书中他应用了他那个时代最新的理念和科学发明。他小说中出现的好多工具都会使读者想起本杰明富兰克林有名的关于电的实验。通过把他那个年代的科学发展再往前推一步，儒勒凡尔纳奠定了现代科幻小说的基础。他还提出发明在将来会得到怎么样的应用，而这些用法在他那个年代是被认为不可能的。儒勒凡尔纳死于19，远远早于他任何一个梦想的实现。
在《海底两万里》这本书的一开始,那是他的一部有名的小说,世界各地的船只突然失踪,而且这被认为是一只大海怪造成的。艾瑞纳克斯博士，他的仆人以及一位加拿大的捕鲸者开始去寻找那个怪物。在好几个月的搜寻之后,他们终于找到了它。在随后的搏斗中他们三个人被扔进水中。在他们挣扎求生当中，他们发现自己在一个怪物的表面上，而那怪物其实是一艘潜水艇。他们被带上船，尼莫船长不打算杀掉他们,相反却和他们结成永久的朋友。从那天起,他们就计划逃离。
尼莫船长带着他们在海洋里航行。诺特拉斯是一只非凡的船。里面的家具非常的珍贵。大大的窗户可以打开也可以关闭,这使我们能欣赏到海底世界。这只船还非常结实，外面被厚厚的铁板保护着。船上所需要的一切都来自于海洋。电被用来照明,取暖,提供动力和使船抵御外来袭击。
身穿潜水衣，被船的灯光照明，他们行走在这个魔幻世界里。他们发现自己被五彩的岩石、各种各样的鱼、贝类和海底植物所包围。这些海底生物在碧蓝的海水中摇曳和慢慢移动。
自从这本书一出版，读者们就对尼莫船长的性格感到扑朔迷离。你很难说喜不喜欢他。你或许认为他是一个残酷的人，因为他不仅把艾瑞纳克斯和其他人囚禁起来，还破坏船只。然而在其他时候，比如说当他为在沉船中溺死的人哭泣的时候，你又会认为他很温柔和脆弱。
另外一部精彩小说是《地心探险记》。这部小说是以一部古书里的古老文献的发现为开始的。他向人们解释了怎样发现去地心的路。两位男子决心去冰岛冒险，在那里他们通过一个死活山口走进了地底。他们的导游带着他们穿越一个狭长的通道来到了地下。经过一个煤层和大理石层，他们已经走得越来越深了。他们喝地下河流的沸腾的水。几天过后，他们来到了地下湖和地下海洋。沿着它们的岸边走，他们穿越了一个大森林，里面的蘑菇和植物已经在地球上生存了几百万年了。为了穿越海洋，他们造了一个小筏子但是在海上还是受到了古代海怪的袭击。最后，他们的小筏子被卷入了急流。伴随着越来越高的速度和温度，他们被位于意大利南部的火山口喷出。
弗兰肯斯坦的故事
没有人会比我有一个更加快乐的童年。不同于其他孩子的玩耍和冒险，我有一种强烈的求知欲。我对于语言结构和法律一点都不感兴趣。我想知道地球和天空的奥秘。我的父亲没有科学方面的专业知识，所以我必须在没有人指点迷津的基础上自己去寻找出路。我开始寻求智慧，并梦想找到治愈我疾病的办法。
我阅读了所有有关这件事的书籍。我研究了数学和物理还有其他知识渊博的作者的书。在我17岁的时候，我的父母送我上了大学。但是我发现大学里所教的东西非常地令人失望。因而我决定开创一种新的方法，探索未知的力量，并把大自然最为神奇的秘密揭示给世人。
一个吸引我注意力的现象是人类的身体构造，和任何活着的动物的身体构造。我经常问自己，生命的法则是来自于哪里呢?在无数个日日夜夜的极辛苦劳碌中，我发现了人类的起源和怎样从死去的物质中创造新生命。
当我发现我手中拥有这样神奇的力量之后，我犹豫了好久究竟应怎样用它。尽管我知道怎样创造生命，怎样为这个生命准备好它的肌肉和器官，这仍然是一项困难的工作。一开始我还犹豫是否要创造一个像我一样的人，或者只是几个简单的器官。但是很快我便什么也不想，只想创造一个像人一样完整和神奇的生物。
正是怀着这些情感我开始了我创造人的过程。由于人的身体的各部分过小延误了我的速度，我决定把这个人的尺寸做的比平常人更大一些:高有八尺。在这种想法的引导下，花了好几个月搜集和整理材料，我才真正开始。
谁能想到我这项秘密工作的恐怖?我从坟墓里搜集死人的骨头，并把死人的尸体切开。我的好多工具都是来自于肉铺和医院。是在一个11月份的夜晚，我看到了我工作的结果。我把我的器具放在我的身旁，用这些器具，我可以使我脚底下的这个死了的生物复活。直到第二天一早，我的蜡烛快熄灭的时候。我才看到那个生物睁开他那黄色污浊的眼睛。
【unit 11 language points(人教版高二英语下册教案教学设计)】推荐阅读：