不定冠词的用法教案

2024-04-20

不定冠词的用法教案(共11篇)

不定冠词的用法教案 篇1

a book, a desk, a pen, a doctor, a house

an enemy, an accident, an animal, an egg

但注意:an hour, a useful tool

2.泛指某人或某事物

An old man is sitting on the chair.

3.表示one 或every,但概念上没有它们那样强烈。当表示one的意思时,一般不用two, three等相对比。如:

Every elephant has a long nose.

Take this medicine three times a day.

4.用于某些固定词组中。

a few, a bit, a lot of, in a hurry, at a time, all of a sudden, many a, a little, a couple of, as a matter of fact, in a word, have a good time, do sb. a favor, pay a visit to, in a way, have a word with, make a living, take a pride in, take a walk, a great deal of, catch a cold,

5.用在某些抽象名词前,表示“一种,一类,一场,一阵”等

She was caught in a heavy rain.

It was a wonderful tea.

不定冠词的用法教案 篇2

1.some与any

some与any表示“一些”,即不确定的数量、数目,两个词都可以修饰可数名词和不可数名词。some一般用于肯定句中;也可用于建议或请求的疑问句中,表示说话人希望得到肯定的回答。any多用于疑问句、否定句或条件句中,用于肯定句时表示“任何(一个/ 一些)”。

如:

Thirty people came. Some stayed until the end but many left early.

来了三十人,有些人一直待到最后,但是很多人很早就走了。

This is the last chance for any of us.

对于我们中的任何人来说,这都是最后的一次机会。

2.both,either与neither

both,either与neither均用于两个人或物。both指“两者都”,作主语时,谓语动词用复数;either指“两者中的任意一个”,作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数;neither指“两者中没有一个”(全否定),作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数。

如:

Both of my parents like reading newspapers in the morning.

我父母都喜欢在早上看报纸。

Either of my best friends can help me solve this math problem.

我两个好朋友中的任何一个都可以帮我解答这道数学题。

It’s eleven o’clock. Neither of the twins has come yet.

十一点了,两个双胞胎都还没有来。

3.all,any与none

all,any与none均用于三个或三个以上的人或物。all指“三个或三个以上的人或物”,作主语时,谓语动词用复数。其反义词为none。any指“三个或三个以上的人或物中的任意一个”;none指“三个或三个以上的人或物中没有一个”(全否定),相当于not any。

如:

All of the students like their English teacther.

所有的学生都喜欢他们的英语老师。

All of us were invited, but none of us came.我们所有人都收到邀请,但谁也没有来。

我们所有人都收到邀请,但谁也没有来。

4.much与many

much与many均表示“很多,许多”,much修饰不可数名词,many修饰可数名词复数,可在句中作主语、宾语、定语。

如:

There are men here from all over the country. Many of them are from the south.

从全国各地来的人中有许多是南方人。

I’m thirsty now. I need to drink much water.

我现在口渴。我需要喝很多水。

5.little与a little;few与a few

a little,little,few,a few都可以修饰名词,a few一些,几个肯定意义;few几乎没有,否定意义,所跟名词为可数名词复数;a little一点肯定意义,little几乎没有,否定意义,所跟名词为不可数名词。

如:

There are a few differences between the two.

这二者之间有一些差异。

There is a little wine left in the bottle.

瓶子里还剩一点酒。

He has few friends because he is a selfish person.

他几乎没有朋友,因为他是一个自私的人。

There is little wine left in the bottle.

瓶子里几乎没酒了。

6.other,the other,others,the others与another

other泛指“其他的,另外的”,无范围;the other特指两者中另一个;the others指两个以上的人或事物中的“另一些”,表示特指剩余的全部;others=other+ 名词,意思是“其他的人(物或事等)”,泛指剩余的另一些,并非全部;another泛指“别的,另一个”,常用于三者或三者以上的情况,后接单数名词或接“数词+ 复数名词”。

如:

I have no other choice.

我没有选择的余地。

The two brothers often get on well with each other, because one is warm-hearted and the other is easy-going.

这两个兄弟相处得很好,因为他们一个很热心,另一个很随和。

There are fifty students in my class. Nineteen of them are girls and the others are boys.

我们班有五十个学生。十九个是女生,其他的(另一些)是男生。

He was always concerned about others’ health.

他总是关心其他人的健康。

Would you like another cup of coffee?

你要再来一杯咖啡吗?

7.each 与 every

each用作形容词、代词,可单独使用,着重同类东西的个别性,指两者或两者以上的人或事物中的“每一个”,后可加of短语,但不可以与not连用;every仅作定语,不可单独使用,着重同类东西的共同性,指三者或三者以上的人或事物中的“每一个”,后不可加of短语,也可以与not连用构成部分否定。

如:

The time is enough. Each of us can try twice.

时间充足。我们每个人可以试两次。

I ride a bike to school every day.

我每天骑自行车去学校。

不定代词专项练习(责任编辑整理)

1.All of us were invited, but ____ of us came

A.neither B.none C.both D.some

2.There isn't ____ water in the cup.

A.any B.many C.some D.the3.----Look! We have ____ sugar.

3.----Look! We have ____ sugar.

----Really? Let's go and buy some.

A.few B.a few C.little D.a little

4.There isn't ____ milk in the fridge. You'd better buy some.

A.no B.any C.some

5.----“There isn't ____ water here. Could you get ____ for me?

----“All right.”

A.some; some B.any; any

C.some; any D.any; some

6.There are lots of English books here, and ____ of them is easy to understand.

A.both B.all C.every D.each

7.These sweaters are too small for me. Please show me ____ one.

A.other B.others

C.the others D.another

8.There isn't ____ paper in the box. Will you go and get ____ for me?

A.any; some B.any; any

C.some; some D.some; any

9.There are some trees on ____ side of the street.

A.both B.all C.either D.every

10.“Which of the two dictionaries do you like better?”

“I like ____ , because they're not useful.”

A.both B.either C.all D.neither

11.They were all very tired, but ____ of them would stop to take a rest.

A.any B.some C.none D.neither

12.____ of them has a dictionary and ____ one of them can look up wordsin the dictionary.

A.Each; every B.Every; each

C.Each; each D.Every; every

13.There is ____ water here; but there are quite ____ empty glasses.

A.little; a few B.few; little

C.few; a few D.little; a little

14.My father is very busy with his work. He has _____ time to do thehousework.

A.little B.few C.a little D.a few

15.There are twenty teachers in this grade.Eight of them are womenteachers and ____ are men teachers.

A.the other B.the others C.others D.other

16.Though they had cleaned the floor, there was still ____ water on it.

A.little B.a little C.few D.a few

17.He can't hear you, because there is ____ noise here

A.very much B.too much C.much too D.so many

18.There were ____ people and noise in the park last Sunday.

A.many; much B.much; much

C.much; many D.many; many

不定代词专项练习参考答案

1.B. 句意:“我们都接到邀请,但我们谁没来。”none是all的反义词,表示“(三者以上的)没有一个(人或物)。”

2.A.any用于疑问句和否定句,some用于肯定句。

3.C. 与“go and buy some”相呼应。

4.B. 肯定句中用some,疑问句和否定句中用any。

5.D. 前一句是否定句,故用any;后一句是说话者恳请别人做某事,希望对方同意,并认为对方能同意,故用some。

6.D.every和each都作“每一个”讲,但every只能作定语;each既可作定语,还可作主语、宾语、同位语等成分。both和all作主语(代替可数名词),谓语动词应用复数。

7.D.other意为“别的、其它的”,可修饰单数名词,也可修饰复数名词。others表示“别人”或“别的事物”,是泛指的复数概念。the other是特指的“其余的(人或物)”。another是泛指的“另一个(人或物)。

8.A.

9.C. 此处的either可换用each;both后修饰复数名词。

10.D. 后一个分句说“没有用”,当然是“两个都不喜欢。”

11.C. 前一句说“她们都累了”,后一句说“他们都不愿停下来休息”,故填none.

12.A.each可作主语,而every不能,故第一空填each。every和each都不可作定语,但every强调全体,而each强调“个体”,故第二空填every。

13.A.前一空填little,表示“水很少”.第二空填a few,修饰可数名词glasses,注意quite a few的意思是“好几个”。

14.A.“我的父亲”忙于工作,故几乎没有时间做家务,故用little.

15.B. 除了八位女教师之外的“余者(the others)”是男教师

16.B. 地板上还“有点儿(a little) 水”

17.B.too much只能修饰不可数名词,much too修饰形容词或副词,very much可修饰动词;many只能修饰可数名词,不能修饰不可数名词。

初探不定冠词和定冠词的用法 篇3

怎样使用“a、an”和“the”呢?语法书上讲得相当清楚,而且是一条一条的。但当学生遇到此类题时,多少会产生恐惧,那么怎样排除这些恐惧呢?首先要记住一些最基本的规则和一些非标准的规则,用一些浅而易懂的方法,使学生容易理解、记忆和使用。让他们知道:冠词是放在名词之前起限制和修饰作用的。

“a、an”修饰可数名词,“a”用在辅音之前;“an”用在元音之前;“the”修饰可数或不可数名词;定冠词有时可省略。这三条规则是复杂系统里的最简单的问题,只要我们认真系统地讲解,学生是能够掌握的,学生开始会觉得困难,是因为受到权威条款的影响,要让学生明白,冠词属于限定的体系。一般情况,冠词可能不作孤立地讲解,但它们仍被广泛地运用,有时还会被讨论的很激烈。

不定冠词“a , an ”和定冠词“the”是复杂的限制体系的一部分,我们可以用例子来说明,如:

Aduck is abird.(不定冠词的基本用法,指某一类)

Duck are birds. (复数指一类)

The duck was brown.(表特指)

A few ducks live here.(指数量)

Fewducks live here.(指数量)

The few ducks that live here in water are mallards.(表数量)

Both ducks eat fish.(指两者)

综上所述,如果你认为这些是不复杂的话,那么为什么“few ducks, a few ducks, the few ducks , both ducks”是常见的表达形式,而“a both ducks & the both ducks”则是不可这样用的。规律告诉我们不定冠词用在第一次提到的名词前,而定冠词用于第二次提到的或特指的名词前,如:

I saw a cat.The cat was sitting on a fence.The fence was painted brown. The cat jumped off the fence when it saw a mouse . The mouse ran into a hole when it saw the cat.So the cat didn’t catch the mouse.有时侯这个规律也不是一成不变的,如这样的一道高考题,It’sworld of wonderworld where anything can happen. A: a ,theB: a ,aC: the ,aD: 不填,不填。如果还是按语法书上的规则,大部分学生认为第二次出现的名词前一定使用定冠词“the”,其实试题命制者充分利用了同位语,这一语言特点设计了一道富有语境的题干,此题不符合其规律。所以我们除了按规则去做题外,还需分别等待不同的题义,才能万无一失。另外在世界上独一无二的名词、序数词和形容词最高级前、表河流山脉的名词前、由普通名词构成的专有名词前,还指谈话双方都知道的人或物,还有指上文提过的人和事物的名词前,则需用定冠词 “the”,如:The sun rises in the east.

He is the fastest runner in our school.

the Rocky Mountains

the Pacific Ocean

the Great Wall

另外在节日、日期、月份、季节前、三餐和球类运动名称前和一些习惯用语中的名词前,在称呼或表示头衔的名词前,省去定冠词,如:

Springis the best season.

Breakfastis ready.

I like playing football.

This is comrade Wang.

At noon

Go to school (等等)

不定代词的用法 篇4

They both agreed to stay here.

他们两人都答应待在这儿.

We are all for him.

我们全支持他.

We none of us said anything.

我们谁也没说什么.

Give them two each.

给他们每人两个.

2.不定代词的用法比较

1)all,every和each的比较

all在表示抽象的整体概念时,作单数,相当于everything(一切东西),例:

All was destroyed in the big fire.

大火中一切都毁了.

Grasp all, lose all.

什么都抓,什么都抓不住.(谚)

Is that all you Want to know?

你想知道的就这些吗?

all指人时用作复数,意为指三者以上的“全部”、“全体”,相当于everyone(每个),例:

All are present.

大家都出席了.

There is room for all of us.

我们所有的人全坐得下.

She knows us all.

她认识我们所有的人.

all在人称代词前面,只能用all of,而且要与人称代词的宾格us, you, them等连用,如:all of us,而不能说成all us.

every用于三个或三个以上的人或物,是“每一个”的意思,只能作定语,强调整体概念,例:

Every player is present.

每个运动员都出场了.

They helped us in every way.

他们从各方面帮助我们.

在表示“每个”、“全体”意思时,every的意思与all很接近.但一般情况下every和单数名词搭配,all和复数名词搭配,例:

Every child enjoys Christmas.

每个孩子都喜欢过圣诞节.

All children enjoy Christmas.

所有的孩子都喜欢过圣诞节.

Each也是“每一个”的意思,但与every不同,each用于指两个或两个以上的人或物,着重于个别概念,例:

Two men came into the room. Each carried an umbrella.

两个人走进房间,每人拿着一把伞.

Each book on this desk is worth reading.

这桌子上每一本书都值得读.

He gave three to each(of them).

他给(他们)每人三个.

2) some和 any的比较

不定代词some,any都是“一些”的意思,都可和可数名词或不可数名词连用.some一般用于肯定句中;而any则用于否定句、疑问句或条件从句中,例:

Tom has some picture-books.

汤姆有几本图画书.

I have waited some time.

我已等了一会儿了.

Have you any questions?

你有问题吗?

There aren’t any pictures on the wall.

墙上没有图片.

If there are any new magazines in the library, take

some for me.

如果图书馆来了新杂志,替我借几本.

注意:在表示请求或建议,希望得到肯定回答的疑问句中,应用 some而不用 any,例:

Would you please give me some paper?

关于不定代词的用法 篇5

不定代词有:something、somebody、someone、somewhere、anything、anybody、anyone、anywhere、nothing、nobody、no one。

everything、everybody、everyone、everywhere、all、each、both、much、many、a little、a ew、others、another、none、one、either、 neither。

不定代词可以分为很多种类,它的功能与用法也非常丰富,不定代词大都可以代替名词和形容词,在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语。

关于动词不定式的用法 篇6

2、动词不定式仍保留动词的特点,可以有自己的宾语和状语。动词不定式同它的宾语或状语可构成动词不定式短语。

如: to read a book、to sing at the party。

3、动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征。因此,在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。

带to的不定式结构:

我们学过的能直接跟带to的不定式结构的动词主要有:want、ask、 tell、hope、 learn、try、decide、forget、remember、like 、 love、 stop、go、come等。

不带to的不定式结构:

1、在固定词组had better之后。

注意:had better的否定形式是had better not do sth

例如:You had better go home now. 你最好现在回家。

2、在let、make、see、 feel、 watch、 hear等感官或使役动词后,要跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。

例如:I made them give me the money back. 我迫使他们把钱还给我。

3、在引导疑问句的why not之后。

“Why not+不带to的不定式”是“Why don’t you do…”的省略,可以用来提出建议或劝告。

例如: Why not go with us? 为什么不和我们一起去呢?

“动词不定式”用法小结 篇7

1. 作主语

如:To learn English well is very important for students.

学好英语对于学生来说很重要。

To save water is to treasure life.

节约用水就等于珍惜生命。

注意:在不定式结构作主语时,通常采用it作形式主语,而把不定式结构后置。

如:It is important for students to study English well.

学好英语对学生来说是很重要的。

2. 作宾语

如:I want to be a doctor when I grow up.

长大后我想当一名医生。

注意:有些及物动词跟复合宾语 ( 宾语 + 宾语补足语 ) 时,如果其中的宾语是不定式短语,则必须找个形式宾语it放在宾语的位置上, 而将作宾语的不定式短语放在宾语补足语之前。

如:I fi nd it useful to learn Chinese well for foreigners.

我发觉学好汉语对外国人很有用。

3. 作定语,不定式作定语,要放在它所修饰的名词或代词的后面。

如:I have lots of work to do.

我有许多工作要做。

Give me a glass of water to drink.

给我一杯水喝

Jiao Yulu has no time to have a rest.

焦裕禄没有时间休息。

4. 作状语,动词不定式及其短语具有副词的特性,可在句中作状语。分以下三种情况:

(1)作目的状语。

如:He bought the building to make more money.

他买下那幢楼房是为了赚更多的钱。

(2)作结果状语。

如:You are old enough to take care of yourself.

你长大了能照顾自己。

(3)作原因状语。

如:I’m sorry to hear you quarreled with our English teacher.

听到你和我们英语老师吵架很遗憾。

5. 作表语,即把不定式短语放在系动词之后。

如:They are to be married soon.

他们很快就要结婚了。

My job is to teach students English.

我的工作是教同学们英语。

I seem to have seen her somewhere before.

我好像在哪儿见过她。

6. 作宾语补足语,动词不定式作宾语补足语时要注意以下三种情况。

(1)作使役动词let, have, make以及感官动词notice,fi nd,feel,hear,see, watch等的宾语补足语时,动词不定式符号to要省略。

如:The monkey made everyone laugh.

那只猴子让所有人都笑了起来。

I saw some students play basketball on the playground.

昨天我看到一些同学在操场上打篮球。

(2)作动词help的宾语补足语时,动词不定式符号to可以带,也可以不带。

如:Jim always helps me (to) study my English .

杰姆一直帮助我学英语。

(3)作动词tell,ask,like,want,beg,order等的宾语补足语时,动词不定式符号to不可以省略。

如:The teacher asked me to call back to him.

老师让我回个电话给他。

综上所述,不管作什么句子成分,从表面上看,在非主语名词、代词 ( 宾格 ),形容词、副词、系动词后跟动词,动词之前要加to,以及两个动词连用,后一动词之前也要加to。这就是动词不定式最基本的用法。

温馨提醒:

1. 动词不定式的否定形式是在不定式前直接加not,即not to do sth.

如:Mother told metoo much junk food.

妈妈告诉我别吃太多垃圾食品。

2. 在“提建议”的why not之后跟不带to的不定式。即Why not do sth. 是Why don’t you do sth. 的省略。

如:go to the park?=Why don’t you go to the park?

为什么不去公园呢?

单项选择

1.He arrived at the offi ce early ______ a good example to the others.

A. set B. to set C. to be set D. having set

2.I’ve got too much work ______.

A. to do to come B. doing coming

C. to do comeing D. to do coming

3.We looked everywhere for the keys, but they are nowhere ______.

A. to fi nd B. to have found

C. to be found D. being found

4.Please remember ______ the plants while I’m away.

A. watering B. to be watering

C. to water D. being watering

5.______ wine, fi rst you must press the grapes.

A. Making B. To make C. To be making D. Make

6.In fact, she was the fi rst woman ______to such a post.

A.to elect B. to be electing

C. to have elected D. to have been elected

7.I’d like ___over the Alps and looking down at the mountains.

A. fl ying B. being fl ying C. to be fl ying D. be fl ying

8. I’m learning ______ a cake. Can you explain ______ one?

A. to make, to make B. how to make, to make

C. to learn, how to make D. making, making

9.“Do you know the girl in red?”

“She seems _____ me at last month’s party. But I’m not sure.

A. to introduce to A. to introduce to B. to be introduced toA. to introduce to B. to be introduced to

C. being introduced to D. to have been introduced to

10.He made up his mind to devote his life _____ pollution _____happily.

A. to prevent, to live B. to prevent, from living

C. to preventing, to live D. to preventing, from living

【参考答案】

冠词的基本用法 篇8

一、不定冠词的用法

1. 指人或事物的种类。

He is a teacher. 他是一个教师。

Give me a bag. 给我一个包。

2. 表示数量,有“一”的概念。相当于one,但比one的数量概念弱。

three meals a day 一日三餐

3. 在固定词组之中。

a little 一些a few 一些a cup of一杯……have a break 休息一会儿

二、定冠词的用法

1. 用于江河湖海山脉等名词之前。

the Yellow River 黄河the West Lake 西湖the Huang Mountain 黄山

2. 用于乐器前。

play the piano 弹钢琴play the guitar 弹吉他play the drum 敲鼓

3. 用于表示节日的专有名词前。

the National Day 国庆节the Spring Festival 春节

4. 用于序数词前。

My birthday is on the first of April. 我的生日是在4月1日。

5. 用于姓氏的复数形式前表示一家人。

the Smiths 史密斯一家the Lius 姓刘的一家the Wangs 姓王的一家

但也并不是任何名词前都要用冠词的。下面同学们请注意了:

1. 在季节、月份、星期、日期等名词前,如:in summer在夏天;on Monday在周一

2. 在球类运动等的名词前,如:play football踢足球;play basketball打篮球

英语语法里定冠词的用法 篇9

1、定冠词用在名词前,表示某个或某些特定的人或事物,例如:

Lucy divided the apples into two halves.

(露西把那些苹果分成了两半。)

The man in black is my teacher.

(穿黑衣服那个男人是我的老师。)

2、定冠词用在可数名词单数前,泛指某一类人或事物,例如:

The camel is a useful animal.

(骆驼是一种有用的动物。)

The tiger is a dangerous animal.

(老虎是一种危险的动物。)

3、定冠词用在第二次提到的名词之前,例如:

I bought some apples. The apples are very sweet.

(我刚买了一些苹果,这些苹果很甜。)

4、定冠词用于指说话双方都知道的人或事物,例如:

Please close the door.

(请把门关上。)

He is investigating the cause of the fire.

(他正在调查这场大火的原因。)

5、定冠词用在play和乐器中间,例如:

play the piano(弹钢琴)

play the violin(拉小提琴)

6、定冠词用于序数词前表示顺序,例如:

the first row(第一排)

the second day(第二天)

7、定冠词用于形容词和副词的最高级前面,例如:

This is the most interesting novel I have ever read.

(这是我所看过的小说中最有趣的一本。)

8、定冠词用在世界上独一无二的事物前,例如:

the sun(太阳)

the earth(地球)

the moon(月亮)

the world(世界)

9、定冠词用在表示江、河、湖、海、山脉、沙漠等的名词前,例如:

the Nile(尼罗河)

the Red Sea(红海)

the Gulf of Mexico(墨西哥湾)

the Alps(阿尔卑斯山)

the Sahara Desert(撒哈拉沙漠)

10、定冠词用在由普通名词构成的公共建筑、机关团体、党派、国家、报刊等专有名词前,例如:

the National Gallery(国家美术馆)

the Great Wall(长城)

the State Council(国务院)

the People’s Republic of China

(中华人民共和国)

the Washington Post华盛顿邮报

11、定冠词用于某些名词或者形容词前,表示这一类人或事物,例如:

the rich(富人)

the poor(穷人)

12、定冠词与姓氏的复数形式连用,表示某某一家人,例如:

The Greens came to China in 1984.

(格林一家是1984年来中国的。)

13、定冠词用在习惯词组中,例如:

in the morning(在早晨)

in the future(未来)

in the end(最终)

不定冠词的用法教案 篇10

定冠词the的习惯用法

①某家人或某夫妇一般用the+复数。如:the Smiths

②表示整个民族或族人一般加the。如 the Chinese/English

③少数山脉群岛也不用the。如Mount Tai。如名词中有of短语则一般有the.如:the Mountain of seven sighs.

④中国的`湖泊一般加 the。如:the West Lake.

⑤the+adj表示类别。如:the rich.

⑥年代,年龄的约数前常用the。如:in the 1950s,in his teens.

⑦表计量单位用the含有“每”、“每一”

It sells at two dollars the pound.

It sells 16 dollars to the pound.

John is paid by the hour.

⑧下列结构中的冠词。

-have+the+抽象名词+to do sth = be so +adj+ as to do sth

如:He has the politeness/kindness to say hello to me.

=He is so polite/kind as to say hello to me.

抽象、物质、专有名,代词基数用作限定;

泛指节假季节星期几,球棋、呼语与餐名;

刊物、公告与标题,普通名词并列紧相邻;

浅谈动词不定式的七大用法 篇11

一、动词不定式作主语。

不定式短语可以直接在句首作主语,表示比较具体的意义,经常和特定的动作和执行者联系起来;谓语动词用单数。

如:Not to smoke will do you a lot of good. 不吸烟将会对你的身体有很多好处。

有时为保持句子平衡,常用it作形式主语,不定式作真正的主语放在后面,注意:若有不定式作表语,作主语的不定式不能用it作形式主语。例如:

To see is to believe。眼见为实。

另外,为强调不定式所表示动作的执行者,可以在不定式的前面加for sb构成不定式的复合结构;在表示人物性格,特性等的形容词后面用介词of,如:

It is difficult for Marty Fielding to know what the future holds. 对马蒂·菲尔丁来说很难知道未来是什么样的。

It was careless of me to lose my umbrella.我太粗心了,丢了雨伞。

二、动词不定式作表语。

(1)放在be动词后起解释说明的作用。例如:

Now his ambition is to become an actor. 现在他的雄心是当一名演员。

Its purpose is to involve in physical exercise and athletic competition. 其(运动主题公园的)目的是让游客参与身体锻炼和体育比赛。

(2)位于seem,appear,prove,remain等系动词后构成系表结构,说明主语的状况或内容。例如:

I seem to have forgotten so many things now that Christmas is here. 由于圣诞节到了,我似乎已忘记如此多的事情。

注意:当主语部分有动词do时,作表语的不定式可省略to。例如:

All she could do was go back home. 她所能做的就是回家。

三、动词不定式作宾语。

(1)按照惯用法,hope,promise, learn, agree, manage, start等动词后面常接动词不定式作宾语。例如:

He hopes to become a teacher. 他希望成为一名教师。

(2)若作宾语的不定式后面有宾语补足语时常用这种句型:主语+v.+ it+ adj./ n.+ to do sth,it是形式宾语,to do为真正的宾语。此类动词有think, find, make, believe, consider, feel等。例如:

Does this disability make it difficult for them to do some things? 残疾会使得他们做某些事情困难吗?

(3)动词不定式和疑问词连用构成动词不定式短语作动词(know, show, tell,understand)等的宾语。例如:

Unfortunately,the doctor does not know how to make me better. 不幸的是,医生不知道怎样使我好转。

注意 当but, except, besides等后面带不定式时,如果其前面有动词do,其后常省to,即“前有do,后省to”。例如:

He can do nothing but put off his wedding. = He has no choice but to put off his wedding. 除了延迟婚期他别无选择。

四、动词不定式作定语。

不定式作定语必须放在被修饰词后,且不定式常和它修饰的词之间有动宾关系、主谓关系或同位关系。在主谓关系中,不定式所修饰的名词或代词前面常有only, first, last, next, 序数词,形容词最高级等修饰。若不定式是不及物动词,后面必须加上必要的介词。动词不定式作定语从时间来说,表示将来意义。例如:

I am always the first person to get to the office. 我总是第一个到办公室的人。(主谓关系)

Here is some paper for you to write on. 这有些纸供你书写。 (动宾关系)

Last month I was lucky enough to have a chance to make a trip into space with my friend Li Yanping, an astronomer. 上個月,我有幸得到一个机会同我的朋友李彦平一起去太空旅行,他是一个宇航员。 (同位关系)

Give them encouragement to live as rich and full a life as you do. 给他们鼓励,让他们和你一样过上富裕而充实的生活。 (同位关系)

五、动词不定式作状语。

动词不定式作状语修饰动词。不定式可作目的状语、结果状语、原因状语和方式状语等。例如:

She is proud to have taken part in competition.她对于参加了比赛感到很自豪。 (原因状语)

He used dictation to give his answers into a special machine. 他用听写把他的答案输进一台专门的机器。(目的状语)

Sometimes, I was too weak to go to school so my education suffered. 有时候我身体太虚弱了而不能上学,因此我的功课变差了。 (结果状语)

Mike raised his hands as if to take off his hat.迈克举起手好像要取掉帽子。 (方式状语)

注意 在强调目的状语时,不定式前可加上in order 或so as,即我们所说的“in order to/so as to”词组。有时候为了突出目的,还可将这个词组置于句首,但so as to一般不用于句首。例如:

In order to persuade people to do something, advertisements often appeal to our hopes and dreams or our emotions. 为了规劝人们去做某事,广告常常激起人们的希望,梦想和情感。

在so as ... to, enough to do sth, only to do sth, too ... to 等结构中,不定式表示结果。例如:

Will you be so kind as to open the window? 劳驾你打开窗户好吗?

He arrived at the airport only to find the plane had already taken off. 他到达机场却发现飞机已经起飞了。

在too...to...结构中,当 too后面是glad, pleased, willing, ready, eager等形容词时,不定式表示肯定。

She was too happy to meet her friend in the street. 在街上遇到朋友,她太高兴了。

He is too eager to see you at once. 他渴望马上见到你。

六、动词不定式作补语。

常见的接不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, command, direct, enable, encourage, except, forbid, force, instruct, invite, oblige, order, permit, persuade, press, recommend, remind, request, teach, tell, train, urge, want, warn, 等。例如:

I was interested in astronomy and he asked me to give a presentation to the class. 我对天文学很感兴趣,他叫我对全班作口头陈述。

有些感官动词和使役动词接不定式作宾语补足语时,通常不带to。下面的口诀可以帮助大家记住这些动词:“四看(see, watch, notice, observe) 三使役(let, make, have) 二听(hear, listen to) 一感觉(feel)”。例如:

Instead they made me wait while they checked everyone’s air ticket. 他们在检查所有人的机票同时让我等着。

感官动词和使役动词make用于被动语态时,作主语补足语的不定式要带to,例如:

Tom doesn’t have to be made to learn. He always works hard. 不必强迫汤姆学习,他一直很用功。

另外,help后的动词不定式作宾补时可以带to,也可以不带。

动词不定式可作宾语补足语和主语补足语。例如:

In many ways my disability has helped me grow stronger psychologically. 在许多方面,我的残疾帮助我在心理上变得更加坚强。

He is known to have spent eighteen years fighting slaves. 人们知道他花费了18年与奴隶作斗争。

The doctor had her assistant pick up some hot dogs for the meeting. 医生让她助手为会议准备些热狗。

七、动词不定式作独立成分

独立成分独立于句子之外,表示说话者的语气,态度等。常用于独立成分的动词不定式有 to tell the truth说实话,to be honest老实说, to be frank with you 坦诚地说, to begin with首先,to put it briefly简言之等。例如:

To tell the truth, we don’t want to go with you.说实话,我们不想跟你去。

To be frank with you, you are wrong. 坦白说,你错了。

练习

1. Her wish is_____________________(admit). 她的愿望是被重点大学录取。

2. He warned his son_____________________ (drive).他警告他儿子不能酒后驾驶。

3. She is said_____________________(live) in the city for six years. 据说她住在该城市六年了。

4. The boy_____________________ when his mother came in (pretend). 當母亲进来时,小男孩假装在读书。

5._____________________ is to believe. (see)

_____________________is believing. (see)

眼见为实。

参考答案

1. to be admitted to a key university.

2. not to drive after drinking

3. to have been living

4. pretended to be reading

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