初中英语语法总结与练习

初中英语语法总结与练习（共8篇）

初中英语语法总结与练习 篇1

疑问句：一般疑问句特殊疑问句

一.肯定句变否定句

1.句子中有be，在be后加not 1)Iamastudent.I am notastudent.2)Theyareblue.They aren’tblue.3)He is Kangkang.Heisn’tKangkang.2、谓语是动词原形，在动词前加don’t。

1)Ihaveabook.Idon’thavea book.2)TheylikeChinese.Theydon’tlikeChinese.3)Wecome from China.Wedon’tcome from China.3.谓语动词是第三人称单数，在动词前加doesn’t，动词用原形。1)Shehasasmallmouth.Shedoesn’thaveasmallmouth.2)MarialikesChina.Mariadoesn’tlikeChina.3)JanecomesfromtheU.S.A.Janedoesn’tcomefrom the U.S.A.练习：将下列句子变成否定句。

1.Iamateacher.Iateacher.2.Weare students.Westudents.3.Janeisagirl.Janeagirl.4.TheylikeEnglish.Theylike Chinese 5.I comefrom China.Icome from China.6.He likes Chinese.Helike Chinese.7.Maria comes from Cuba.MariacomefromCuba.8.WeknowMaria.Weknow Maria.二、肯定句变为一般疑问句变化规则

1)含be动词和情态动词的把它们提前。2)没有情态动词/be两项的加do/does。3)句末用“？”，开头单词字母大写。（注；有第一人称的要变第二人称）

即：把I 变为you, 把we变为you, 把my变为your, 把our变为your;把am变为 are。

1、句子中有be/情态动词，把他们提到句首Be:am,is are

情态动词：can, may, could, would

1)Iamastudent.Areyoua student? 2)Theyareblue.Aretheyblue? 3)Hecan play the guitar.Canhe play the guitar? 2.谓语是动词原形，在句首加do。

1)Ihaveabook.Doyouhaveabook? 2)TheylikeChinese.DotheylikeChinese? 3)Wecome from China.DoyoucomefromChina?

2.谓语动词是第三人称单数，在句首加Does，动词用原形。

1)Shehasasmallmouth.Does she haveasmallmouth? 2)MarialikesChina.DoesMaria likeChina? 3)JanecomesfromtheU.S.A.DoesJane comefrom the U.S.A? 4)SheknowsMaria.DoessheknowMaria?

练习:将下列句子变成一般疑问句。

1.Iamateacher.ateacher? 2.Theyare students.Students? 3.Janeisagirl.agirl? 4.TheylikeEnglish.theylike English? 5.I comefrom China.youcome from China? 6.He likes Chinese.he 7.Maria comes from Cuba.MariafromCuba?

8.WespeakChinese.youChinese? 三.一般疑问句做肯定,否定回答

AreyouMaria ?肯定回答：Yes , Iam.No,I’m not.其句型结构：肯定回答： Yes , 主+助/系.肯定回答：系.2.问句和答语的助动词保持一致.1)Areyoua student?

肯: Yes, I am.否： No, I’mnot.2)IsheKangkang?

肯：Yes，he is.否：No，he isn’t.3)DotheylikeChinese?

肯：Yes, theydo.否：No, they don’t.4)Does she haveasmallmouth?

肯：Yes, she does.否：No, she doesn’t.3.问句和答语中的主语保持一致。（必须用主格）

1)Is Jane from the U.S.A?

2)DoesKangkangcome from China?3)DoJaneandMarialikeChina?4)Isthisaruler?5)Is thatadesk?6)Are these books? 7)Arethosepencils? 8)Are theseerasers? 9)Is thatan orange?

否定回答：Yes , 主+助/练习：给下列句子做肯定回答或否定回答。

1.Areyouastudent?

Yes,.No,.2.DotheylikeEnglish?

Yes,.No,.3.IsJaneagirl?

Yes,.No,.4.DoesMaria likeChina?

Yes,.No,5.IsKangkangastudent?

Yes ,.No ,.6.Isthata girl?

Yes ,.No ,.7.Arethosetelephones?

Yes ,.No ,.8.DoesTomknowJane?

Yes ,No ,.9.Dotheycomefromthe U.S.A?

Yes ,.No ,.10.Isthisanegg?

Yes ,.No ,.特殊疑问句（对划线部分提问）

特殊疑问句其实就是用疑问词引导的疑问句叫做特殊疑问句。它的结构就是：特殊疑问词+ 一般疑问句！

疑问代词：what，who，whose，疑问副词：where，how what—“什么”，对事物，人名，职业，时间，电话号码提问 注意：what class/grade 对班级提问what color 对颜色提问

what is +人 对职业提问（干什么的）what time is it ?=what is the time?(对时间)Who –-“谁”，对人名，与人的关系提问 注意：who is Lily?

She is my sister.Whose –“谁的”，对所属关系提问 The book is mine.(划线部分提问)Whose is the book.These are my books.(划线部分提问)Whose books are these? Where—“哪里”，对地点、地方提问

如:1)My sister is from China.(划线部分提问)Where is your sister from?

2)He comes from China.(划线部分提问)Where does he come from? How –“怎么样”，对身体状况，天气提问 如：My father is fine.(划线部分提问)How is your father?

注意：how old 对年龄对问how much+不可数名词how many +可数名词复数

how much +is/are „？“多少钱” 将划线部分去掉,分析句意.1.MynameisNancy.yourname? 2.Iamfrom China.are you from? 3.I amfine.areyou? 4.Miss.Wangis ourEnglish teacher.isyour English teacher?

5.Lucyisten years old.areyou? 6.Heis inClass OneGrade Two.ishein? 特殊句式：

What does he/she/其他主语 +do? 对职业提问“她/他是干什么的？” What does he /she look like?对人的外貌的提问“他/她长什么样子？” What can I do for you? 购物用语，对人的需要提问，“我能为你做什么？”Can/may I help you? “我可以帮你吗？” What do you think of…=How do you like…

你认为什么怎么样？

7.Mytelephonenumber is 5805000.your telephonenumber? 8.Theyarecars.arethese ? 9.This ismycap.cap is this? 10.My favorite movie star is Bruce Lee.is your favorite movie star ?

11.Itisyellow.isit？ 12.She istall.Whatdoesshe? 五.同义句转换.1.PleasegiveJanethe book.PleasethebookJane.2.Could you please tellmeyour name?

Could you pleaseyour name me? 3.He has short hair.isshort.4.Ihaveabignose.isbig.5.You have a wide mouth.is wide.6.My English teacher is old.My English teacher is not.7.Bettyisnotshort.Bettyis.8.Thisismy book.Thisis9.This jacket is not new.This jacket is.10.Myruler is not long.My ruler is.11.She looks like hermom.She and her mom lookTheyChina.六、单数形式句子变复数形式

1、指示代词变化:this变these ,that变those.2、人称代词变化:

I 变we;he/she/it变they;My 变our;his/her/its 变their，第二人称不变 3、有am/is的要变成为are。

4、名词要做相应的变化；注意不

规则变化的一些词：(man-men,woman-women, child-childrenJapanese, Chinese, English不变)

如：1)I think she is that woman’s child.We think they are those women’schildren.2.将下列句子变成单数

1.Theyarepencils.a pencil.2.Theseareerasers.aneraser.3.They areboys.aboy.4.They aregirls.agirl.5.Thosearebooks.abook.6.These are desks.a desk.7.These areboxes.a.8.Those arecars.a

仁爱版七年级英语上册期末总复习辅导与练习

（二）一、区别has/have与am/is/are的用法： has/have表示“有”，即“某人有某物”，am/is/are表示“是”即“„是„”

二、有实义动词的一般现在时态的用法：动词原形和动词第三人称单数形式

（一）动词第三人称单数形式：动词+s/es，规则： 1）一般情况以及以e结尾的动词，直接加“s”，如：make----makes;come----comes 2)动词以o，s，ch，sh, x结尾，加“es”，如：do---does;watch----watches;wish---wishes;miss----misses;guess----guesses

3)以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，先把y改为i，再加es, 如:study---studies 4）特殊情况：have----has

（二）句型转换：

1）主语为第三人称单数，否定句，在动词前加doesn’t, 再把动词改回原形，一般疑问句，在句首加does，再把动词改回原形,回答用：Yes,人称代词+does./ No,人称代词+doesn’t.如： She has small eyes.She doesn’t have small eyes.--Does she have small eyes?--Yes, she does./ No, she doesn’t.2)主语为除第三人称单数之外的人称，否定句，在动词前加don’t, 一般疑问句，在句首加do, 回答用：Yes,人称代词+do./ No, 人称代词+don’t.如： They have small eyes.They don’t have small eyes.--Do they have small eyes?--Yes, they do./ No, they don’t.练习：

()1..---______ he American?---Yes.He comes from America.A.AreB.DoesC.DoD.Is()2.---Do you have a sister?---___________.A.Yes, you doB.Yes, I doC.Yes, I am.D.Yes, you do.()3.Ellen _____ an old book and her brothers _______ many new books.A.has, hasB.have, haveC have, hasD.has, have()4.What color _________ he like?

A.isB.doC.hasD.does()5._____ he have a big nose or a small one?

A.DoesB.DoC.IsD.Are()6.I am sorry I ______ know her.A.isn’tB.doesn’tC.don’tD.haven’t 根据句子意思，用is, are, am, do ,does, have, has填空。1.I __________ a Chinese teacher.2._______ you from Canada?

3.________ they have many friends?4.________ he from Hainan?

5.---______ Jack have a good friend?---Yes, he ______.6._______ he a good teacher?---Yes, he ______.7.He and his sister _______ in different grades.8.______ your mother a doctor?9.I _____ an old friend.His name is Allan.10.Kangkang _______ a panda.It is very cute.11.You ________ a nice house.I like it every much.12.Bruce Lee _______ many books.13.Do they _______ fifteen apples?

14.Does Bruce Lee _______ many friends in China?15.Jerry ______ a big nose.16.He _______ a map of Hainan.He doesn’t ________ a map of China.17.--Does your father______ a wide mouth?--No, he ______ not.18.My friend, Li Ming ________ only one sister.三、名词性物主代词与形容词性物主代词的用法区别：

名词性物主代词与形容词性物主代词的汉语意思是一样的，名词性物主代词可独立使用，后面不要跟名词；但形容词性物主代词不可独立使用，后面要跟名词。如： It is my shirt.= It is mine.句子当中my为形容词性物主代词，mine为名词性物主代词，your, his, her, our, its, their，my等都属于形容词性物主代词，形容词性物主代词通常置于名词前，修饰限定名词，作定语；而名词性物主代词mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”, 当主语，宾语，或表语；如：Is this your coat? == Is this coat yours? 这是你的大衣吗？ 练习：

()1.--Is that coat ________.?--Yes, it’s _________ coat..A.his, he’sB.yours, yourC her, hersD.mine, your()2.Our books are here.________ are over there.A.They’reB.TheirC.TheirsD.Your()3 She is a girl, ________name is Mary.A.sheB.hisC.herD.she’s()4.---______ dress is it?---It’s hers.A.Who’sB.WhoseC.WhatD.Which

()5._______ color is yellow.A.It’sB.ItsC.Is itD.Yours 根据汉语写单词：

1.Could_________(你)ask_________(他)to call_________(我)back? 2.Don’t forget_________（我们）.3._________(我们)would like to buy_________(他们).4.Could_________(你们)help___________(她)out?

5.There’s one dollar on the floor.Pick___________(它)up.6._________（他们）are friendly to___________（你们）.7.__________(我)like_______（她）a lot.8.__________(她)brings______（他们）to_______（我们）.9.Does_________（他）give_______(它)to__________(他)？ 10._________（他）does__________(他的)homework on Sunday.11.___________(它)can’t find__________(它的)way home.12.___________（她）looks after_________(她的)grandmother.13.This is__________（我的）pen.That’s__________（你的）。

14.These coats aren’t_________(我的).I think they’re__________（你们的）。15._________(他的)jacket is blue.__________（她的）is white.16.---Whose bike is this?---It’s__________（他的）.17.Those are_________(我们的)desks.__________（他们的）are over there.18.--Are these TV sets _________（我们的）？--No ,they’re_________(他们的)TV.用所给的动词的适当形式填空。

1.He often__________(get)up at half past six.2.---________she ____(like)noodles?---Yes, she______.3.Jack_______________(not play)soccer.4.Jane_____________(have)a new pen.But Tom___________(not have)one.5.We__________(study)in No.1High School.Mike_______(study)inNo.2 High School.6.Maria___________(try)on the new dress.7.They often __________(fly)kites.Kate often __________(fly)a kite, too.8.Rose often___________(cry).But her brother___________(cry)a lot.9.Kangkang often__________(carry)water for the old man.10.His uncle often_______(buy)some delicious food for him and he often_______(take)it to the school to eat.11.Lucy and Lily_________(go)to school at 7o’clock.Jim________(go)at 6:45.12.I________(teach)math here.My father________(teach)English.13.--________Mary often___________(watch)TV?--Yes, she often__________(watch)it on Sunday.14._____you want________(eat)some hamburgers?

15.--Would you like__________(sing)some songs with me?--Yes, I’d love to.16.Don’t forget________(bring)your clothes.17.Could you ask her__________(have)supper with me? 18.It’s 6:20.It’s time________(get)up now.19.--Do you like___________(speak)English?--Yes, I do.20.--May I _________(take)your order?--A bottle of apple juice.21.--Can I__________(sit)down now? —Sure.22.Why not__________(come)to China? Good idea.23.Let me _________(help)you.24.--How about____________(swim)this Sunday?--No problem.25.Mr.Chen asks him ________(come)to school on time.四、重点句型和短语：

1.Who’s your favorite film star? 2.What color is his/her hair? 3.give sb.sth.= give sth.to sb.4.look the same /look at/ look like

5.The girl in green/The girl in a green skirt/ The one with black hair and black eyes.6.We are in the same school, but we are in different grades.7.--Whose dress is this?--It’s mine.8.rousers, gloves, shoes, socks常以复数的形式出现, 如： a pair of trousers，a pair of shoes，a pair of glasses

9.What+ +主语（某人）+ look like? 长得怎么样？如：

--What does your father look like?--He is not very tall but very strong.练习：按要求改写句子。（每空一词）

1.He is a good student.（否定句）He ________a good student.2.We are in the same school.（一般疑问句）_____________ in the same school? 3.Does she have a round face?(肯定回答)__________, ________________.4.She is Jones.(就划线部分提问)________________________?

5.Her hair is brown.（同义句）She _____________________________.6.Do they have a big house??.(否定回答)_________，_________________.7.My sister has long legs.（一般疑问句）______ your sister _________ long legs? 8.His brother has two big ears.（否定句）His brother_____________two big ears.9.I have a big head.(否定句)I________________ a big head.10.We have a good English teacher.（一般疑问句）________ you ________ a good English teacher?

11.His pants are black.（否定句）His pants __________black.12.He has blond hair.（一般疑问句）____________ blond hair? 13.Do you know?(肯定回答)________, ________________.14.Her skin is yellow.(就划线部分提问)_______________________ her skin? 15.The man over there is my uncle.（同义句）My uncle is __________________.16.The girl in red is my sister.(就划线部分提问)______ girl______________ sister

17.They look the same.（一般疑问句）______ they look the same? 18.I know Jack.（否定句）I_____________Jack.19.I like light yellow.(就划线部分提问)_______________________you like? 20.Those shoes are white.(就划线部分提问)_____________________ those shoes 21.He has a pair of new pants.（否定句）He _________________a pair of new pants.23.Does it look like a cat?(肯定回答)_______, ________________.24.Her coat is yellow.(就划线部分提问)_______________________her coat? 25.Whose is this jacket?（同义句）_________________ is this?

26.The girl’s shoes are over there..(就划线部分提问)______________ the girl’s shoes?

初中英语语法总结与练习 篇2

一、显与隐, 英语语法教学的方式选择

“陈文”中结合调查的结果对英语教师常用的语法教学方式进行了排序, 结果发现日常英语教学中用得最多的是“讲解教材课文和对话中的重要语言点, 适当拓展补充”, 而在考试前后则多用“做语法练习题”的方式。这一调查结果与笔者所遇到的实际情形也是基本一致的。“陈文”还明确指出, 目前英语语法教学中实际采用的仍然是传统的语法教学方式, 即显性的语法教学, 而对于课程标准所倡导的任务型和交际化的教学模式则给予了有意无意的忽视, 或者只当作公开课和比武课使用的招式。

笔者以为, 上述调查结果尤其是对于英语语法教学是显性还是隐性的方式选择问题, 一线教师确实存在着某种困难。从语言形成的机制角度来看, 任务型和交际化无疑是更科学的选择, 因为无论是学生第二语言的学习, 还是学生在母语形成的年龄, 语言能力更多的都是在任务驱动和人际交流中形成的, 幼儿在学习语言时并没有经过语法的训练, 自然就形成了今天到了初中阶段后熟练的母语运用能力。但从英语教学的角度来看, 在传统习惯的影响下, 尤其是在当前英语教学评价方式的指挥下, 英语语法教学还是难以摆脱显性教学的方式。笔者曾经跟小学英语的教师交流过, 发现小学阶段的英语教学就特别强调显性的语法, 而笔者对进入初一的学生多次进行过调查, 结果发现不少英语成绩 (分数) 优异的学生, 确实能够说出一大堆英语语法知识, 而也正是这些知识, 证实了他们的英语水平确实高人一筹。

因此, 对于语法教学的方式问题, 要想真实实现从显性向隐性的转变, 要想真正让任务型和交际型落到实处, 关键在于两点:一是对现有英语教学习惯进行矫正;二是对现有英语评价方式进行改革。可喜的是, 笔者所在地区日益重视口语和听力的训练与评价, 这对于培养学生实用英语能力来说, 是件好事。

二、智与趣, 英语语法教学的两难选择

“陈文”指出, 课改后的实验教材语法内容普遍减量, 编排上比较分散, 且多是采取隐含的方式呈现。因此, 教师理解起来感到模糊, 感觉语法教学的指导没有以前明确。而教师的选择往往是根据自身的学习经验和已有的教学经验, 继续去发掘语法知识并实施教学, 但与这一方式伴随的另一现象, 则是部分学生对英语语法的学习不感兴趣。

这一描述在笔者看来也非常符合现实, 在初中语法教学中, 对语法学习不感兴趣的大多是男生, 而其中的原因并不难理解。翻开相关的语言学习理论与心理学理论便可以发现, 初中阶段男女学生的思维方式有着明显的不同, 女学生更多地还是习惯形象思维方式, 而男学生更多地开始向抽象思维转变。因此, 他们对语言学习 (英语学习) 的认识也是不一样的, 女学生更习惯于根据教师的要求去学习, 而男生则常常想为什么英语表达要在英语语法的作用下才能完成。这种思维方式的不同, 必然会导致一部分男生的英语语法学习出现困难。

因此, 在语法教学的“知”与“趣”上, 笔者以为英语教师是需要下功夫的:语法本身是一种知识, 但学生的学习却需要兴趣来驱动。让“趣”能够真正有效驱动“知”, 是一件不易的事情。就笔者的实践来看, 其中一个关键是将英语教学方式从“全英语”向“英汉结合”退一步可能更好, 因为上课语言是师生知识交流的主要方式, 纯英语对于相当一部分初中生而言是存在着理解上的困难的, 而回归到母语之后, 则可以让学生的理解更为简单。在此基础上, 再将语法以某种学生感兴趣的方式呈现, 则就能部分实现知与趣的平衡。

三、法与教, 英语语法教学的动力选择

语法自身就是一种知识, 在“陈文”及课程标准的观点中, 这种知识应当是相对于教师而言的;语法教学则是另一种知识, 这自然也是相对于教师而言的。要知道后者是以前者为动力的, 两者都是服务于学生的语法学习的。

初中英语语法教学分析与策略 篇3

一、联系生活实际

语法是为实际的表达服务的，在进行语法教学时，仅仅依靠抽象的讲解是很难有好的教学效果的，教师应尽量将语法知识糅合到具体的语境中去。例如，在进行被动语态的教学时，学生很难理解，教师就可将该被动语态放入具体情境中去进行教学。教师可选择一个小故事先让学生来进行配合表演，如在店里买东西，钱包被偷，由教师扮演顾客,学生扮演小偷在课堂上进行表演，其他的学生进行观察。在表演结束之后，教师可先用英语描述这个过程，再让扮演小偷的学生来描述这个过程，并让全体学生对两种描述进行对比，让学生来进行归纳和总结。另外，在语法的巩固练习中，教师还可通过简笔画或投影等方式来为学生提供英语语境，让学生通过所学知识来进行写作、看图说话等。让学生在直观、逼真的英语教学环境中，去学习、理解语法知识，充分地激发学生对英语的学习兴趣与积极性。

二、与练习紧密相连

在初中英语语法教学过程中，应以练习为主，分析讲解为辅，即所谓的以练为主，讲练结合。英语是一种很复杂的语言，想要将所有的单词和句型都学会是不现实的，也是没有必要的。对英语语言现象进行分类，以及对使用、变化规则进行说明，可有效地达到让学生举一反三、触类旁通的目的。初中英语语法教学目的和实質是通过学生对语言现象的学习和练习来训练学生正确、熟练地使用英语语言的能力。初中英语语法的讲解方法很容易，但其实际运用却不简单，毕竟语法规则的了解与实际运用之间是有很大的差距的，只有依靠实践（即练习）才能有效地缩短这个差距。在语法教学过程中，教师的讲解和学生的练习是密切配合、缺一不可的，但应放更多的注意力与精力在语法的练习上。在进行语法教学前，教师必须充分地了解学生的英语知识水平，并结合教材内容，精心备课，精讲精练，以最简洁的语言来讲解语法知识。并在练习中对学生是否理解语法进行检查，以培养学生语法运用的实际能力。

三、减少语法术语的运用

在英语语法的教学过程中，教师应尽量地少使用语法术语，将语法变得更加通俗易懂，缩短语法与学生之间的距离。教师可通过联想将枯燥的语法知识转变为通俗易懂的语言，如此一来，可让学生对那些难以记忆的知识，记得更加深刻、更加牢固，将难懂的问题简单化。例如，在进行名词单数变复数的教学时，以f(e)结尾的名词有两类，其一是直接在单词后面加上“s”，其二是将f(e)变为“s”，再加上“es”。但是，两者是很容易混淆的，应该怎样来区分以f(e)结尾的名词单数变复数时是直接加“s”,还是将其变为“v”再加上“es”呢？我们可先将比较少的一类变f(e)为“v”再加“es”记住，其余的就直接加“s”。变f(e)为“v”再加“es”这一类的常见名词有life，wife， half，shelf，wolf，thief，seif，knife，leaf等，虽然不多，却很容易忘记。对此，教师可将这些单词翻译为汉语，并将其编成一个小故事：“小偷的妻子用刀将狼砍为两半，并将其放在架子上，用树叶覆盖好，快乐地过着自己的生活。”这样一来，很容易地就将这些单词记住了，即便忘了某个单词，也可通过故事回忆起来，方便了学生的记忆。

四、归纳法的合理运用

归纳教学法，是指有意识地安排教学内容，并创设特定的语法情境去激发学生对英语语法知识的学习主动性。归纳教学法可为学生提供更多的学习空间，有助于培养学生的学习策略，提高学生的英语学习能力。在初中英语教材中，各个单元都穿插着一定的语言知识，这样语法知识比较分散，学生的学习量也不是很大。若是教师能够采用归纳法来进行教学，引导学生去观察、分析这些零散的语法知识，找出其中的隐含规律，以此来展开语法知识的学习，可加深学生的印象，使语法教学的效果有所提高。

总而言之，在初中英语课堂中，语法是一个不容忽视的教学内容，教师应根据教学目标、教学内容以及学生的知识基础，有取有舍地进行语法知识的教学。应通过各种不同的教学方法来帮助学生学习语法，将语法知识与实际运用充分结合，以调动学生对英语的学习热情与积极性，达到提高教学效果和学生英语能力的双重目标。



参考文献

［1］ 王艳鹏.初中英语语法教学方法的探索［J］.新课程改革与实践，2010(23).

［2］ 刘淑清.初中英语语法教学之我见［J］.今日科苑，2011(11).

［3］ 王燕.谈初中英语实施语法教学的方法［J］.试题与研究(新课程论坛），2010（23）.

初中英语语法总结 篇4

Grammar

1.宾语从句：1.主句若是一般现在时，从句根据实际情况用适当时态。He says(that)he will have a walk soon.The teacherasks who is the cleverest in the school.I． want to know who came here late this morning.2.主句若是一般过去时，从句也要用过去时。

He wondered if I would come.She told me that her son had got well.She said that she liked watching TV.We thought Jim was wrong.3.无论主句是何时态，从句若表客观真理，要用一般现在时。

Mr.Li said the moon is smaller than the earth.4宾语从句无论有何引导词，都要用陈述句语序。

Could you tell me when you will get back to Wuhan?（不是will you）

Do you know which sweater she is wearing?(不是is she)2.状语从句：1主句若是一般将来时、祈使句或含不表过去的情态动词等，则if(如果), unless(除非)，when(当„的时候), as soon as(一„就„)，before, after, until, till, as(当„的时候)所引导的状语从句用一般现在时。

You may take a rest when you finish doing your work.I will call you up if I leave for Shanghai next week.Wait for your brother at the bus station until he arrives.2而主句若是一般过去时，从句也要用过去时，如：

I would give the money to the charity if I had a million dollars.When he got to the park, his classmates had left.My son ran towards me as soon as he saw me on the street.3.定语从句：关系代词who只指人，which只指物。that既可指人又可指物。whose 后必须跟有名词，既指人，也可指物。关系词作主语时，不可省略，作宾语时可省略。whom只指人，只作宾语。关系副词where指“在那里”，when指“在那时”。

She is a girl who/that is beauti l and kind-hearted.She is a girl(who/whom/that)I know very well.That boy whosehair is very long is my brother.(所属)

The girl whois tall is my sister./ I own a bike whoseprice is high.I bought a watch(which/that)I paid 100 yuan for.（指物）

I prefer a place which/thatis clean and quiet.I prefer a place whereI can live a quiet life.（在这儿）

I shall never forget the day whena boy helped me find my dog.4.wish和hope:1wish可接to do sth./sb to do sth./that从句.I wish to spend my summer holiday in Qingdao.I wish youto join my flowers smell beauti l.The sweets taste sweet.The silk feels soft.I felt tired.这些动词不用于被动语态。The sweets are tasted sweet.是错误的。

注意：如果加介词like, 则后不可接形容词，而接名词或代词：

He looks like his mother.That sounds like a good idea.It smells like a flower.It tastes like salt.8.find和think部分用法: + 宾语 + 宾语补足语。(代替宾从)

宾补有以下情况：1.名词短语，John found his son a clever boy.2.形容词短语，Mrs.Smith thinks her husband kind of lazy.3.有时宾补后可接带to不定式，I found it hard to fool the girl.9.would like/want/feel like: 1 would like，和want类似：◇都可接名词短语：I would like/ want another three desks.◇都可接带to 不定式：I would like/ want to go out for a walk.◇都可接sb,然后再跟带to 不定式: I would like you to give me a hand.2 feel like: ◇后也可接名词短语：Do you feel like some tea? ◇后若接动词，须用动词ing形式：Do you feel like having a walk? I don’t feel like drinking tea.【feel like常用于疑问句或否定句中。】

10.词序易错的短语：1 形容词修饰不定代词或不定副词，形容词在后面。Is there anything delicious in the fridge?

Nothing serious.There is something wrong with the computer.I want to go somewhere warm.else修饰疑问词和不定代词、不定副词，也放在后面。

What else can you see in the picture? Who else is in the room?

Do you have anything else to say? Where else can you see it? enough修饰形容词和副词，enough 放在后面。

This sweater is cheap enough.Nemo is old enough to work.He ran fast enough to catch up with the dog.11.对“评价”、“天气”的提问之区别：1What do you think of „?=

How do you like „? “你对„怎么看？”(How„?句中有like，是动词。)2What’s the weather like in„? = How is the weather in„?“„的天气什么样?”(What„?句中有like，是介词“像”。)

12.take, cost, pay, spend区别： It + take + sb + some time + to do sth.It took us half an hour to cut down the tree.物+cost+sb+钱: The bag cost me thirty yuan.(cost, cost, cost)

若cost后无sb, 则译作“价钱是”：The bag costs 30 Yuan.人+ pay +sb + 钱+ for sth: I paid the seller 200 Yuan for the bike.(pay, paid, paid).(pay后所加内容可视具体情况取舍。)人 + spend + 时间/ 钱 + on sth /(in)doing sth.The girl spent two hours(in)searching the Internet.The girl always spends much money on her clothes.spend 有时可指“度过”：spend holiday/ weekends/ winter 13.双宾结构：pass/ give/ teach/ offer/ lend/ send/ sell/ call/ show/buy/

ask/ tell/ build等可加双宾结构。即后接sb + sth.其中pass, give, offer, lend, send, sell, show等可接sth + to sb.buy, build等可接sth + for sb.另外，若sth是代词时，不用双宾结构。Please pass it to me.14.部分词作连词与介词：（连词接句子，介词接名词或代词）

Keep care l when you are listening to the teacher.（连词）

Keep care l when listening to the teacher.（介词）

类似的，while, than, before, after, as, since, until等。

如：I’ll wait until I hear from her.（连词）

I’ll wait until next Friday.（介词）

那个叫做彼得的男孩是我的朋友。划线部分起修饰作用，下同。

He’s eating fried chicken.他在吃炸鸡。There is no time left.I have read a novel writtenby Lu Xun.我读了一部鲁迅写的小说。

He lives in a house builttwenty years ago.2.动词ing作形容词：表示正进行或功能，常作定语。

the ing boy, a running bus, the rising sun, a bus running on the road, the boy ing in the corner(正进行)

a sitting room, the sleeping car, the bathing suit(功能)16.动词ed与动词ing作形容词用法之二：和心理感受有关，但ed修饰人，ing常修饰物。I felt surprised at his words.How exciting the film is!/ I want to go to a place which is relaxing.17.动词ing和带to不定式作主语：

To be a teacher is my dream.Working hard brings you success.Taking care of our environment is very important.To plant trees makes me happy.（谓语用单数）

Reading books gives you knowledge.(谓语用单数)

Listening and writing are both difficult.(谓语用复数)18.later / after / ago /before: 1later“„时间后”结构：时间段+later

常用于一般过去时。They went to Beijing five days later.(later单独在句尾，常用于将来时：I’ll see you later.)

2after“„时间后”结构：after+时间段，常用于一般过去时，和1相同。They went to Beijing after five days.(after也可加句子：I’ll send you an e-mail after I get home.He found out the information after he had searched the Internet for thirty minutes.)

3ago“„时间前”结构：时间段+ago, 用于一般过去时。The Greens moved to Shanghai four weeks ago.(since +时间段+ago，主句用现在完成时)

4before 单独放在句尾，常用现在完成时：“以前”

I have been to London before.He has seen the film before.(若是时间段+before, 则常用过去完成时，译为“„时间前”：

I had seen the film two weeks before.We had found out the answer to the problem an hour before.)19.四季

20.月份

21.星期 22.“也”：either, 用于否定句的末尾。also, 通常挨着动词，少用于句尾。too, 通常在句尾，前常有逗号。as well, 只用于句尾。注意：后三个词都不用于否定句

23.带to不定式用法之一：带to不定式有逻辑宾语在前时，to后动词用及物动词，不及物时需加介词。The apples are too tall for the boy to reach./The zoo is not a good place for animals to live in.24.(a)little /(a)few: 1few，little“几乎没有；少”否定词。few加可数名词复数, little加不可数名词。2a few“一些”肯定词，加可数名词复数;a little“一些；一点”也是肯定词，加不可数名词。3另外，在too, very, so等词后用few, little;在only, just, still等词后用a few, a little.而quite a few/ a little译为“很多”

25.及物动词+副词：put on/off/away/up/down/out;break off/down;

turn on/off/up/down;get back;use up;give away/out/up/back;try out/on;ring/call up;let down;clean up/out;set up;think up;hand in/out;fix up;work out;;dress up;pick up;help out;

keep off/out/down cut down;write down;wake up(叫醒);

take off/away;sell out;look up/over;eat up;throw away/off

宾语是名词时，可放在中间或后边，是代词时只放在中间。26.as„„as用法：1和„一样„ His room is as big as mine.He runs as fast as I /me.2as„as possible/sb can “尽可能„”

We went there as soon as possible.我们尽可能快地去了那儿。Listen to the teacher as carefully you can.3有些短语有几个意思：as soon as 和„一样快；一„就„；as much as和„一样多；多达；as long as和„一样长；长达；只要；as well as和„一样好；和„一样；as far as远达；就„来说；

27.prefer用法：prefer sth/doing sth to sth/doing sth比起„更喜欢„

prefer to do sth rather than do sth宁愿„也不愿„

prefer to do sth / prefer doing sth 更喜欢做某事 28.some-, any-, every-用法：1some-“某～，一些～”，用于肯定的陈述句中。I have something to tell you.Maybe somebody has taken it.若用于疑问句中表示期待对方肯定的回答或表示请求或建议.Why not ask somebody to help you? Shall we give him something to eat? What about some milk? Could you please lend me some chairs? 2any-, 在疑问句中仍译为“某～，一些～”Do you have anything to say？Is anybody in the house？在肯定句和否定句中译为“任何～”You may put the box anywhere in the room.He is taller than any other student in the class.We don’t have anything to eat this morning.3every-“每～”，强调所有，既包括此也包括彼。Is everybody here？-No，Tom and Lucy have asked for leave.The glass was broken, and the water went everywhere.29.动词时态和形式：八个时态：一般现在时、现在进行时(am/is/are + v.ing)、一般将来时(will/shall/be going to+动词原形)、一般过去时、过去进行时(was/were +v.ing)、现在完成时(have/has + v.过去分词)、过去完成时(had + v.过去分词)、过去将来时(would + v.原形)六个形式：原形；过去式；过去分词；第三人称单数(加s/es)；现在分词(v.ing)；带to不定式。

30.if/whether区别：if 如果(引导条件状从)/ 是否(引导宾从)

whether无论(引导让步状从)/ 是否(引导宾从)

都译为“是否”时，whether可接or not, 也可接带to不定式。

if 则不可。另外，if可接any-单词，常不接some-单词。

If you have any water, please give me some.31.因为：because, 常是对why的回答，语气最强。

since, 位置：Since„，„.Since it’s already late, I must go now.for, 位置：„，for„.语气最弱。I drove carefully, for it’s snowing.as有时也指“因为”，用法基本无限制。32.表推测：must, may, might, can, could, can’t

must“一定”，可能性最大，常用于肯定句。

There is the door bell, it must be Tom.may / might“也许”一般用于肯定句，may比might可能性大。

She is coming to us.She might be our new teacher.can / could“可能”could比can语气更委婉。但can多用于否定。

You could be right, but I don’t think you are.The light in the office is off.The teacher can’t be there now.33.so与such区别：so是副词，后跟形容词/副词，so tall/slowly„

such是形容词，后跟名词短语。such bad weather / good news„;

such a beautiful girl / an important lesson / a heavy stone„;

such kind boys / new desks / friendly people / amazing movies„;

若名词前形容词是many, much, few, little时，不用such, 而用so.so many flowers / much rain / few friends / little water„

也常有“so / such „that„”句型，译为“如此„以致于„”。34.so的另两个用法：1so + be/情态动词/助动词+主语，“„也”

上下文所指不是同一个人或物。The twins are working, so am I.I will stay up tonight, and so will Peter.以及对话形式：A: I woke up late this morning.B: So did I.so + 主语 + be/情态动词/助动词，“的确„是”上下文所指是同一个人或物。A: We have lunch at school.B: So you do.又如：A: Bruce can work out the problem.B: So he can.35.neither/nor用法之一：neither/nor+ be/情态动词/助动词+主语

“„也不”上文是否定句。She didn’t get well, nor did her brother.或对话形式：A: Jim hasn’t had breakfast.B: Neither have I.36.keep, make, get,have用法：

1keep + sb/sth doing sth “让„一直做„” I’m sorry for keeping you waiting so long.keep + doing sth “坚持做某事”

2make + sb/sth do sth让„做某事I’ll try to make you understand what I mean.I feel sorry that I have made him wait for long.3get + sb/sth to do sth.让„做某事。He got Peter to buy him a pen.4have + 宾语+ 动词原形 /ing /过去分词

Have him do it, please.让他做它吧。We had the machine working.我让那台机器一直工作着。We had the machine repaired.我们让人修理了那台机器（让那台机器被修理了）。

5也都可接形容词：keep safe/busy, keep the door closed/open, make us happy, get the door closed, have everything ready.37.used短语：used to + 动原，“过去常常”He used to smoke.be used to 译为“被用来„”，后接动原。It is used to cut things.be used to 译为“习惯于„”，后接动词ing或名词/代词.如：He’s used to working late./ We are all used to following others.be used for + 目的（名词或动词ing）如：

English is used for business./Knives are used for cutting things.38.through/past/across: 都可作介词，“穿过”前常有位移动词。

He climbed through the window and saw what he could take away.He went past me without saying any words.He swam across the river.【through,内部;past,旁边;across,表面。】

位移动词+ past 相当于动词pass;位移动词+across相当于cross.39.the number of / a number of: 前者“„的数量”；后者“许多的”

都跟可数名词复数。前者作主语，谓语用单数；后者作主语，谓语用复数。The number of the trees is two thousand.用单数is.A number of trees have been cut down.用复数have.40.延续性动词：How long，since，for，(以上见84）until/till等所在肯定句中的主句谓语要用延续性动词。

How long may I keep this novel? I’ve lived here since 2002.Let’s wait until he comes back..但否定句中可用短暂性动词：

I haven’t seen you for a long time.41.all/each/both/none/either/neither:

1All boys/All of the boys are from China.all 接可数复数，谓语也用复数。All of the water is polluted.若接不可数，谓语用单数。

2Each boy/Each of the boys has a different bag.each接名词单数或接of + 限定词+复数，后谓语都用单数。

3Both of the twins are clever.后面谓语用复数。

4None of the students has/have been there before.none +of +限定词+复数, 谓语用单、复数都可。另见88

5-When shall we meet, Saturday or Sunday?

-Either day is OK./ Either of the days is OK.谓语用单数。

6-When shall we meet, Saturday or Sunday?

-Sorry, I have to look after my mother these two days.That is, neither time is OK./ neither of the days is OK.谓语用单数。

all/each/none分别指三者或更多中的“都”/ “每一个”/“没有一个”。both/either/neither两者中“都”/“任何一个”/“没有一个” 42.计量表达法：数量+单位+形容词。

The building is twenty meters tall./ The street is forty meters wide.The fish is five kilos heavy./ This baby is only six months old.若计量表达的后面跟有名词，则要用连字符，单位不用复数。

They dug an eight-meter-deep hole./.I bought a 10-kilo-heavy fish.It’s a piece of 2-meter-thick ice./ They built a 50-meter-wide street.It’s a two-month holiday.(此处计量中的形容词long可省略。)43.Must I / May I / Need I „? 用法：1Must I „?我必须„吗？

A: Must I finish the work? B: Yes, you must./ No, you needn’t.2May I „?我可以„吗？A: May I go out for a walk now?

B: Yes, you can./ No, you mustn’t/can’t.3Need I„?我有必要„吗？

A: Need I clean the house? B: Yes, you must./ No, you needn’t.44.hundred/thousand/million/billion: 前有具体数字，不加s及of.否则加s, 加of.如：thousands of trees;many millions of people.nine hundred people, ten thousand students等。但前若有several,后常不加s和of：several million pounds 45.反意疑问句(QT)部分用法:1something, nothing, anything, everything作主语，QT主语用it.Something is wrong, isn’t it? / Nothing is difficult, is it? 2I think Lucy can do well in the exam, can’t she? I don’t think he will come here on time, will he?

QT要结合think后的从句而定。

3祈使句的QT一般用will you? 而Let’s „用shall we?

Get up now, will you? Don’t be noisy, will you?

Be quiet, will you? Please don’t talk, will you?

Let us do it now, will you? Let’s do it now, shall we?

4There be句型，QT主语用there.There is a man working in the field, isn’tthere?

There used to be a meeting on Friday, didn’tthere?

There won’t be a movie in the theatre, willthere? 46.put on, wear, dress, in: 1put on,“穿上”后接物。表行为，是短暂动词。You should put on your coat when you leave.2wear,“穿，穿着”后接物，表状态，是延续性动词。He always wears the yellow sweater in winter./I like wearing beautiful clothes.3dress, “给„穿衣”后接人。You can dress yourself, baby.Lucy is dressing her little brother now.be dressed in后常接具有某种特征的衣物。

The lady is dressed in a white skirt / white.可直接加表颜色的词。

4in, “穿着”后接具有某种特征的衣物，表状态，是介词，不可作谓语，可作状语。The woman in a white skirt is my teacher.Do you know the girl in a red coat? I’ve seen the boy in yellow.47.虚拟语气部分用法：在非真实条件句中要用虚拟语气，即if 从句中用一般过去时，而主句动词用would/should+动词原形，表示与现在相反的主观设想，也可以表示在说话人看来实现的可能性很小的情况。（注意：虚拟语气中的be动词都要用were.）

If there were no air, people would die.(与现在事实相反)

If I got rich, I would travel around the world.(可能性很小)48.other/others/the other/the others/another:

1如果不特定指出哪一个，是泛指，“另一个”要用another, 后加可数名词单数。If you are still thirsty, you may have another cup of tea.（没特定指出哪一杯茶，是泛指。cup是单数。）

another也可+数字+可数复数：The meeting will last another two hours./ We need another six desks.2如果只有两个或只有两部分，就给出了范围，其中另一个或另一部分是特指(other前有the.)，有如下用法：

第一种，所说内容只有两个：

Mrs.Green has two sons, one is interested in math, the other(one / son)is good at science.【只有两个，用the other, 不加s, 后面名词可省略。】 又如：This pair of shoes is strange.One is blue, yet the other is green.这双鞋子很怪，一只蓝色，而另一只绿色。

第二种，只有两部分：此种情况下the other后接可数名词复数，或不接名词而只在the other后加s.Two fifths of the students in our class are boys, the other students are girls / the others are girls.Two children went, but the others stayed.（其他孩子都留下了。）

3如果没有显示出只有两部分，未给出范围，则是泛指，不加the.Lei Feng liked helping other people / others.Have you any other questions?

Alice didn’t like that dress, so she asked to see some others.4other的另一用法：用比较级的形式，体现最高级的含义。

He is taller than any other boy in his class.(划线中boy用单数)=

He is taller than all the other boys in his class.(划线中boy用复数)

他比班里任何男孩都高（他是班里男孩中最高的）。

49.how long/how often/how soon/how far: 1how long 是对长度或时间段提问。How long is the river?-It’s 5,000 kilometers long.How long have you lived there?-For five months./ Since 2002.2how often是对频率提问，如：never, sometimes, often, usually, always, once a week, twice a day, three times a year, every day等。

How often do you watch TV?-Every two days./ Twice a week.【若只有次数，则用how many times 提问：

How many times do you watch TV a week?-Twice./ only once.】

3how soon 是对“in + 时间段”提问：

How soon will you return to Beijing?-In a week./ In two days.4how far是对时间段’s + walk/ride/drive或计量表达提问。

-How far is it from your home to the school?

-Five minutes’ walk./An hour’s ride./Thirteen minutes’ drive.或者说：It’s about 20 kilometers(far)away.（问和回答不同。）50.分数表达：二分之一: half a/an 或a half.如：

half an hour= a half hour半小时 It’s half past seven.(省略冠词)

以下情况中，分子(基数词)若超过一，分母(序数词)需加s：

三分之一: a /one third 三分之二: two thirds

四分之一: a/one fourth 或a/one quarter

四分之三: three fourths或three quarters.五分之一: a/one fifth 五分之二: two fifths 其它类推。

若分数所在of短语作主语，谓语依of后的名词而定：

Two fifths of the students are on time.(指名词复数时，谓用复)Two fifths of the land is polluted.（指不可数时，谓用单）

51.到达：1get to + 地点 get to Shanghai/London/ China

接地点副词时，不带to.get there/home/here.2arrive in+大地点(Beijing/Zhengzhou)，arrive at+小地点(school/hospital)，arrive只作不及物动词。所以也可单独用：Please ring me up when you arrive.reach只作及物动词，后直接加地点：reach Beijing/England

但常不说reach home/there/here.52.感叹句：What + 名词短语+主语+谓语！

What lazy boys(they are)!What hard work!What good news!

What a good idea!What bad weather(it is)!What a pity!

How +形容词 / 副词+ 主语+ 谓语！

How hard the work is!How fast he runs!How rude you are!

How carefully they are listening!How bad the weather is!

53.because/ instead / out等与加of的区别：

1because 后接句子，because of 接名词或代词。

He didn’t come because he was ill./ because of his illness.2instead是副词，单独在句尾。instead of 还要接名词或代词。

We didn’t have rice, we had noodles instead./ instead of it.3out 副词，可单独用，但若接地点，先加of.（也可作介词，“向„外”，可不加of.一般不要求掌握。)

He went out early.或He went out of the house early.54.too much, too many与much too:

much too“过于”，加形容词或副词原级。much too big/slowly等。

too much“太多的”，加不可数名词。too much work/rain等。

too many“太多的”，加可数复数。too many books/people等。55.alone / lonely: 1alone,“独自一人；单独”不含感情色彩。

可当形容词，但只在系动词后作表语：Jack is alone.杰克是单身。

The old woman is alone in the house.那位老妇一个人在屋里。

可当副词，修饰动词：She lives alone.她独居。

Can you move the stone alone? 你能独自搬动那块儿石头吗？

Dick is walking on the beach alone.狄克独自在海滩漫步。

（注意：不可说very alone.但可说very much alone.是特例）

2lonely, “孤独的；寂寞的”带有伤感色彩。只当形容词。

可在系动词后作表语：The old man is lonely.这位老人是孤独的。

He has many relatives, but he feels lonely.他有很多亲戚，但感到孤独。（lonely 和心理感受有关，而alone和心理感受无关。）

也可在名词前作定语：a lonely person一位孤独的人

a lonely village一个偏僻的村庄（alone不可作定语）56.belong to与be: This suit belongs to me /Lucy /my brother.(人)

This suit is mine /Lucy’s /my brother’s /hers.（某物是某人的）

57.by常见用法：1“通过”I study English by memorizing grammar.You can know it by looking it up in a dictionary.He travels by bike.2“截止到”Will you finish the task by tomorrow?

The train had left by the time he got there.3“被”This novel was written by Lu Xun.4“经过”He passed by me without noticing me.5“在„„旁边”Sit by me.They are playing by the river.58.部分用in的短语：in English, in a good way, in a hurry，in pen / ink(见105), in the day(见92), in different sizes，in different shapes, in a difficult situation，in good health，in a red coat / in red(见46), in style, in the open air(露天场所)59.比较级与最高级部分要点：1不规则形式或易错形式：

much/many→more→most bad/badly/ill→worse→worst

far→farther/further→farthest/furthest little→less→least

few→fewer→fewest old→older/elder→oldest/eldest

以ly结尾的形容词常把-ly换成-lier/-liest.2常见比较级/最高级句型：He runs faster than me.(有than)

He did better than any other student in the school.(参照48)

Tom is the cleverest boy in his class.(某个范围内)

He is the taller of the two(boys).(两者，此句型中加the)

He is the tallest of the three(boys).(三者)

Which is better, tea or milk?(两者选择)

Which is the best, tea, milk or water?(三者选择)

It’s the second longest river in China.（序数词后用最高级。）

3“越来越„”比较级+and +比较级

He cried harder and harder.She is getting taller and taller.类似：bigger and bigger / happier and happier / fatter and fatter

/ stronger and stronger / richer and richer / worse and worse„

另一种情况：more and more beautiful / slowly / carefully /„

4“越„, 越„”“the+比较级”分别置于两句的开头，倒装。

The more difficult English is, the harder you should study.The younger we are, the more energy we have.The more you eat, the fatter you will get.5“越来越多的„”more and more +名词

More and more people are getting richer and richer.We need more and more desks / paper / trees / water „.6“„得多”much + 形容词/副词比较级

This room is much bigger than that one.类似：much taller/fatter/younger/heavier/faster/earlier/better„

以及：much more careful/difficult/tiring/similar/mysterious„

7“另外的„(个)„”结构：数量+ more + 名词

one more towel, three more suits, many more tiles，much more ttruth, some more meat, a lot more wood，a little more experience, once more = one more time = again.这种结构有时也可用another + 数字 + 名词替代：

five more trees = another five trees(记住词的位置)60.talk, tell, say, speak: 1talk只作不及物动词。

Don’t talk in class.Shall we talk about our English study?

He is talking with his teacher.May I talk to you?

(talk with/to sb talk about sth)

2tell只作及物动词,“告诉；讲”。常接双宾结构。

Mr.Li told us an interesting story.Who told you the news?

3say必须接有内容。Please say it in English.He said nothing.“I disagree with you.” said Tom.What will you say?

say 若接sb, 则需先加to: I must say sorry to you.“I overslept this morning.” he said to me.4speak“说话”不及物动词。He spoke too fast for me to follow.接人时先加介词to.May I speak to Mr.Smith?

可表说话的能力。The baby can speak now.There is something wrong with his throat, he can’t speak.“演讲，发言”Who will speak in the meeting? “说”可作及物 动词。

61。sometimes/some times/sometime/some time:

sometimes: “有时”=at times.He is imes late for school.some times: “几次”I have been to Nanjing some times.sometime: “某一时刻”I bought it sometime last spring.We’ll meet again sometime next week.some time: “一段时间”We have to stay here for some time.62.need 的用法：1need可当情态动词（和can等用法类似，但need只用于疑问句或否定句中）：Need I go now?(need 在一般疑问句的开头)I needn’t tell you the answer.(否定句中直接在need后加not)【当情态动词时，need无时态变化。】

2need 可当行为动词（和want 等用法类似）：

He needs a bike.(后可直接加名词)

I need to go over my lessons.(后接带to不定式)

Do you need to have a rest?（一般疑问句中do, does, did在句首）

We don’t need to wait for her coming.(否定句中do,does,did提前)

【注：need 后接表被动的内容时，可表达为：

The TV needs to be repaired.= The TV needs repairing.】 63.do with 与deal with: 都译为“处理，对付，安排，应付”

What have you done with the milk? 用what提问。

How shall we deal with this problem? 用how提问。

下面两句由此而来：Could you tell me what to do with the milk? Could you tell me how to deal with this problem? 64.就近原则：常见的有：Either you or Lucyis wrong.There is a dog and two cats in the yard.(there be句型)

Not only you but(also)Iam strict in the work.Neither you nor Lucy has seen the film before.65.主谓一致：One/Neither of you is right.（单数谓语）

Tom, with his friends, has gone.(主语是Tom, 单数谓语)

This pair of shoes looks beautiful.（主语是pair, 单数谓语）

The shoes look beautiful.（主语无pair, 复数谓语）

Every boy and every girl has a chance to do it.（单数谓语）

The old need to be looked after carefully.The young are energetic.(the 加形容词表一类人，谓语用复数)

Mr.and Mrs Green are from America.指格林夫妇(复数谓语)

The teacher and writer is an able man.指教师兼作家, 一个人，单数谓语。

Both you and I are excited about the news.（复数谓语）

the number of与a number of参见39.（分数表达见50）

66.quite/such/really用法之一：如果出现不定冠词时，常放在后面。

It’s quite an easy question.He is quite a clever boy.It’s such an important lesson.(另见33)Lily is really a lazy girl.67.部分用what 提问的句型：

What size do you want? What will you do with the problem?

What’s the population of China? What day is it today?

What’s the date today? What’s the price of this one? 68.there be部分用法：1There is only a student taking notes now.There is no need to open the box.There are 20 trees to be planted.2常有以下结构: there may/will/must/is going to/used to/„be.„

3there be中不可再出现have/has/had(有)的词。另一用法见45。

69.常见表否定的词或短语:no, not, hardly, few, little, neither, nor, nothing, nobody, none, nowhere等.有些有时在某些句型中也相当于否定，如without, too„to„

without anything, too tired to go any further

但前缀如dis--, un--, in--或后缀如--less,并不表否定。

70.常见后接动词原形的词或短语: why not / had better / please /would you please / let / make / 情态动词，等等。

【注意否定形式：had better/ would you please/ let直接加not + 动原；而please加don’t+动原】

71.常见后接动词ing的词或短语：finish /enjoy /practice /give up /

end up /put off /consider /keep /feel like /prefer„to„/can’t help /

be busy /be worth /take turns /miss(错过)/spend /have fun /介词等。

72.常见后接带to不定式的词或短语：want /hope /wish /allow /encourage /ask /tell /pretend /decide /plan/invite /urge/ advise/warn/ seem /in order(为了)/疑问词，等等。另外，it作形式主语，后也常有带to不定式。【否定：以上大多词 + not + to do sth】 73.被动语态(be +v.过去分词)用法：I did it.→It was done.双宾:He told us a story.→We were told a story.→A story was told to us.She passed me a pen.→I was passed a pen.→A pen was passed to me.情态动词:We can make a plan.→A plan can be made.进行时态:Tom is writing a letter.→A letter is being written by Tom.完成时态：I have finished the work.→The work has been finished.74.名词或所属格作定语：1强调性别时a man doctor / two men doctors ； a woman teacher / six women teachers 被修饰词是单数时，性别也用单数；被修饰词是复数时，性别也用复数。

2a girl actor / four girl actors a boy player / two boy players

a bus station / some bus stations 复数只变被修饰的词。

3a boys’ team / a gentlemen’s holiday / the Teachers’ Day /

the Children’s Day “复数 + ’s ”作定语，译为“„的„”

4Father’s Day / Mother’s Day 此处“单数 + ’s ”作定语。

（附：and连接的名词所属格：Lucy’s and Ann’s fathers are workers.分别是两个人的爸爸，所以应分别加“’s”

Lucy and Ann’s father is very interesting.两个人共有的爸爸，所以在两人后只加一个“’s”。）

75.win与beat区别：win后加物：I’m sure Jim will win the match.We won the first place in the sports meeting.而beat后加的是人：I’m afraid they will beat us.I hope we can beat the boys’ team.(男子队，相当于人。)76.it/that/one的部分用法：1it 指上文的某个事物，和上文是同一个。This book is very useful.I will take good care of it.it也可指上文所说的事：My son has lost himself in the computer games.I’m worried about it.2that与上文所说是同一类，但不是同一个，常指不可数名词。

The food in China is quite different from that in America.The weather of Hainan is better than that of Gansu.that也可指上文所说的事：A: I had an accident and broke my legs.B: I’m sorry to hear that.3one 指代上文所说的某类可数名词单数，但不是同一个物。This sweater is too expensive, do you have another one?(也指毛衣，但不是上文那个)77.at/by the end of, in the end 的区别：

1at the end of +时间点或地点，“在„的尽头，在„的末尾”

They will have a sports meeting at the end of March.(加时间)

He put some books at the end of the bed.(加地点)

2by the end of +时间点，“截止到„末”

若接过去的时间点，常用过去完成时：They had planted six thousand trees by the end of last month.若接将来的时间，常用一般将来时：We shall finish the work by the end of next month.3in the end “最后”，后不加of 短语：They wanted to find a place to rest in, in the end, they saw a village.78.have gone to/have been to/have been in: 1have gone to+地点“已去了„（还未回来）”-I can’t find those children, where are they?

-They have gone to the farm.(去了农场，不在这儿)

2have been to+地点“去过„（原来去过，现在已回）”句尾常接次数或多个地点或before，或句中常有ever, never等。

She has been to Qingdao three times.I have been to two big cities.Have you been to Dalian before? I have never/ever been to Dalian.I have never been there before.(此短语省略了to)

3have been in+地点，“已在„（多久了）”句尾常接for+时间段，或since +时间点/一般过去时的句子。

Peter has been in China for a long time.I’ve been here for 2 hours/since 2 hours ago.(此短语省略了in)79.all/whole用法：all(of)the land / all(of)the class / all(of)the students„【all 在定冠词the 前】 the whole school / the whole country / the whole area„【whole 在定冠词the 后】 80.a bit / a little区别：都可作副词，后直接加形容词和副词。

I’m a bit / a little hungry.She feels a bit / a little tired.也可作代词或形容词，后接名词时有所不同：

I have only a little drink.She ate a little bread and went out.(a little 直接加名词)而下文：I have only a bit of drink.She ate a bit of bread and went out.(a bit 先加of再加名词)81.“擅长”与“不擅长”;“对„有利”与“对„有害”：

“擅长”：be good at / do well in

“不擅长”：be bad in / be poor in / be weak in / do badly in

“对„有利”：be good for “对„有害”：be bad for 82.表数量的词和短语的部分用法：1none / all / some / most / plenty of / a lot of(lots of)后既可接可数名词复数，也可接不可数名词。2many /(a)few / a number of / several只接可数名词复数。3much /(a)little / a bit of只接不可数名词。

83.易用错的副词：1really可修饰动词、副词和形容词，常在它们前面。I really love reading.I really miss you.(修饰动词)

Tom speaks really quickly.汤姆说得非常快。（修饰副词）

It’s really kind of you.你真好。(修饰形容词)

2very much常修饰动词want, miss, hate, love, like, dislike, enjoy, take after(长得像„), move(使„感动), excite(使„激动)等等。常在句尾。Jack wants to go there very much.杰克很想去那儿。

I hate reciting the words very much.我很讨厌背单词。

He enjoyed the film very much.他很喜欢这部电影。

He takes after his mother very much.他长得很像他妈妈。

(very much 不可修饰形容词和副词：I’m happy very much.He is lucky very much.都是错误的。)

3very修饰形容词和副词，放在它们前面：

She is very kind.I am very happy.Peter speaks very slowly.(very不可修饰动词：I very like English.He very misses you.等类似结构都是错误的。)84.常用于现在完成时的词或短语：for（后加时间段，句中谓语用延续性动词）；since（后加时间点或一般过去时的句子，主句谓语用延续性动词）；How long（对时间段或for与since引导的内容提问，句中谓语也用延续性动词）in/all one’s life（在某人一生）；in/during the past/last+时间段(在最近的„时间内)；so far（到目前为止）；yet（用于句尾，用在疑问句或否定句中）；already(用于句中或句尾，用在肯定的陈述句中)；ever；never；just；before(单独用在句子末尾，常用此时态。但若时间段加before, 常用过去完成时)以及recently等.85.形容词与副词区别：1形容词修饰名词，作定语（划线部分）：

She is a kind girl.What bad weather!I bought a new bike.形容词可在系动词后，作表语(划线部分)：

The girl is kind.His face turned red.It tastes sweet.2副词(划线部分)修饰动词、形容词、副词，也可修饰整个句子。

He ran quickly.Please speak loudly.Tim lives alone.修饰动词

She is very angry.He felt too tired.I’m so lucky.修饰形容词

He got up quite early.She did it very well.修饰副词

Unluckily, I failed the English exam.修饰整个句子 86.everyday与every day: everyday是形容词，后接名词，“日常的”。He is practicing everyday English.every day是副词，作时间状语，“每天”。We speak English every day.87.everyone与every one: 1everyone“每个人；大家；所有人”，只指人。后不接of短语。Everyone is here except Tom.2every one“每一个”既可指人，也可指物。后要接of短语。Every one of us has a dictionary.Every one of the trees is tall.88.none与no one: 1no one“没有一人”只指人,后不接of短语。

No one has been to Beihai Park.No one told us about it.(以上因后面无of短语，故不用none)

2none“没有人；没有任何东西”既可指人，也可指物；既可指可数名词，也可指不可数名词。后常接of短语。

None of the children has/have been to Beihai Park.（此处指人。因后有of短语，故不用no one）

A: How many elephants did you see there? B: None.（对话中none单独用，指物，不用no one.）

89.乘交通工具之表达:1by bike/ car/ sea(ship)/ air(plane)(无冠词)

2on a horseback /his bike /the plane /a ship(有冠词或限定词)

3in his/a car(car前用in)4on foot 5动词短语: ride a bike /a horse;drive a car;walk;take a plane/ taxi/ bus;fly 90.kind of 与kinds of:

1kind of 单独用，表示“有点”，后接形容词或副词：

He is kind of thin.”他有点瘦” I feel kind of hungry.”我有点饿”

Uncle Wang speaks kind of quickly.王叔叔说得有点快。

2若kind of前有a, this, that等，译为“一种，这种，那种” 后加名词。

That kind of question is difficult to answer.那类问题难回答。

3熟记一些短语：all kinds of...“各种各样的...”many kinds of“很多种类的”different kinds of“不同种类的” 后加名词。动词，后接语言。Do you speak English? 91.rain / snow / wind的常见修饰词：a strong wind“一阵强风”

a heavy rain“一场大雨”heavy snow“大雪”（以上是名词短语）

blow hard“猛烈地吹”snow heavily“下大雪”rain hard/heavily“下大雨”（以上是动词短语）

92.day的部分用法：1on Teachers’ Day表节日或周几前用“on”.2in the day / daytime“在白天”前加“in”。3in eight days“八天后”用“in”。4(in)those / these days“在过去 / 现在”

5today, next/last/this/that/every/all day等前面常不加介词。

同样，on Sunday/Monday/.../Saturday介词用的是on（有时可省略）, 若有next/last/this/that/every等时不再加on.93.个别名词的部分用法：1family“家庭；家庭成员”指整体时，表示单数，谓语动词用单数形式；指成员时，表示复数，谓语用复数形式：His family is going to move.My family is large.（以上指整体，谓语用单数）

My familyare very well.我全家人很健康。（指成员，谓语用复数）一般不再区分谓语的单复数形式。类似的还有：staff(职员)，class, team, public(公众)，government等.2有些名词只表复数，谓语只用复数。如people, police, cattle等：The police are searching for a man with a big nose.The cattle are eating grass in the field.3deer, fish，sheep等词的单数和复数形式相同：

a deer(一只鹿)/ two deer(两只鹿)a fish(一条鱼)/ two fish(两条鱼)

a sheep(一只羊)/ some sheep(一些羊)

另外fish若表示种类时，复数要在后加es: two fishes(两种鱼)

4有些名词单数变复数有特殊形式：

man→men;woman→women;foot→feet;tooth→teeth;

mouse→mice;child→children;ox→oxen(公牛)

5有些名词通常只有复数形式：

scissors(剪刀)clothes(衣服)trousers(裤子)glasses(眼镜)

6有些名词只是不可数名词： It’s such great fun.What fun!

What good news!I won’t do anything in such bad weather.Can you tell me some information? I like music which is popular.类似：a piece of chalk much knowledge learn a little English等

94.leave的用法：1leave可指“离开”leave Zhengzhou离开郑州

leave Zhengzhou for Wuhan离开郑州到武汉

leave for Wuhan动身到武汉(for后接目的地，而不是出发地)

2leave留下；忘记 I left my backpack at home.leave后接地点，而forget后无地点。Sorry, I forgot the money.95.ill与sick的区别：1都可译为“生病的”。ill只在系动词后作表语： Her mother was ill in bed.但sick既可作表语（在美语中），也可作定语：Her mother was sick in bed.Jane is taking care of her sick mother.(此处是定语，不可用ill, 见下文ill用法)

2若ill作定语，译为“坏的，恶劣的”an ill person一个坏人

sick作表语时也常译为“恶心的，想吐的“

The boy always feels sick when he travels by car.96.return用法：1“返回”，相当于“go back / get back / come back..如：Ann will visit you when he returns to London.（当“返回”时是不及物动词，先加to才可再加地点。另外，return已含有back的意思，后不可再跟back.）

2“归还”，相当于“give back”如：I have returned the dictionary.（当“归还”时是及物动词，后直接加物，若再接人时方可加to.同样不可再跟back.如：You should return the piano to Dick on time.）

97.favourite 与own的类似结构: 形容词性物主代词 + favorite +名词（某人最喜欢的...）或者 + own + 名词(某人自己的...)

如：My favorite animal is dog.He found hisown bike.98.stop / start(begin)/ forget(remember)/ like/go on等动词：

1stop doing sth.停止正在做的某事。stop to do sth.停下来做某事（stop后是将要做的事）He was tired, so he stopped working.He was tired, so he stopped to have a rest.要注意有时两种形式会同时出现：He was tired, so he stopped working to have a rest.2start/begin doing/to do 含义基本相同，但以下情况下start/begin后只接to do: ★若start / begin 已用进行时态时：He is just beginning / starting to write the letter.★主语是物而不是人时：The ice began / started to melt.★其后的动词与想法、感情有关时：He began / started to understand it.3forget/remember to do sth.忘记/想起将要做的事。

forget / remember doing sth.忘记/想起已经做过的事。

4like doing sth.(因爱好而喜欢，表示一种习惯)

Jack likes sleeping in the class.(在班睡觉虽不是好事，杰克却有这个爱好。有睡觉的习惯。)

like to do sth(认为明智或正确而喜欢)

She likes to help others.（助人是一件正确的事，所以喜欢。）

I don’t like to play in the street.(在大街上玩不明智，故不喜欢)

有时区别不明显，接两形式都可。He likes watching / to watch TV.5go on doing sth.继续做某事（上文所做的事）go on to do sth接下来做另一件事（不是上文所做之事）

99.普通代词形式：

主格 宾格形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词反身代词

(作主语)(作宾语)(后要再接名词)(后不再接名词)(主宾一致)

I me my pen/house...mine myself

you(你)you your bag/car...yours yourself

he him his desk/coat...his himself

she her her hair/books...hers herself

it it its tail/face...its itself

we us our teacher/room...ours ourselves

you(你们)you your class/hometown...yours yourselves

they them their school/fathers...theirs themselves 100.基数词和序数词：基数词表示人或物的数量。序数词表示人或物的次序。注意以下几种形式：one→first two→second

three→third five→fifth eight→eighth nine→ninth twelve→twelfth twenty→twentieth thirty等类推

另外，“四十”forty;无字母u.“第九”ninth无字母e.101.room /space /place: 1room“房间”（可数）a room/ two rooms

“空间”（不可数）：指可以容纳东西或为其它目的而使用的空间。

Could you make room for me? 你能为我让一下空间吗？

Is there room for me in the car? 车里有我的位子吗？

2space“空间”普通用语，表示万物存在之处，与“时间”（time）为相对概念。in the dark space在黑暗的宇宙空间（太空）

time and space时间和空间

Is there any space for me in the car?(此处和room的含义相当)

3place“地方”（可数），指某一具体地点。

I want to live in a place which is warm in winter.Mount Chaya is a wonderful place.嵖岈山是一个奇妙之地。102.常见国籍、人与语言的对应：

1China“中国”Chinese（无复数形式）“中国人（的）/中文（的）/中国的” a Chinese/ two Chinese“一个/两个中国人”

Japan, Japanese 和此类似。

2England“英国（原义：英格兰）”(= Britain)

English（无复数形式）“英国人（的）/英语（的）/英国的”

He is English.(前无冠词)= He is an Englishman.(前有冠词)“他是英国人”

注意复数：They are English.= They are Englishmen.(变为men)

3France“法国” French(无复数形式)“法国人(的)/ 法语(的)/ 法国的”

The lady is French.(前无冠词)= The lady is a Frenchwoman.(前有冠词)

注意复数：The ladies are French.= The ladies are Frenchwomen.4Germany“德国”German“德国人(的)/ 德语(的)/ 德国的”

The boy is a German.(前有冠词)The boys are Germans.(复数加s.）

5America“美国” American“美国人（的）/ 美国的”

He is American.(前常无冠词）They are Americans.(复数加s)103.易写错词形:◆noise(名词)“噪音”;noisy(形容词);noisily(副词)◆health(名词)“健康”;healthy(形容词);healthily(副词)

◆luck(名词)“运气”;lucky(形容词)“幸运的”;luckily(副词)

◆succeed(动词)“成功”;success(名词);successful(形容词)successfully(副词)◆save(动词)“救，节省，存”;safe(形容词)“安全的”;safety(名词)“安全，安全场所”safely（副词）◆true（形容词）“真的，对的”;truly(副词“)真正地”;truth(名词“)真理,事实”◆terrible(形容词)“难受的，可怕的”;terribly(副词)104.job与work:1job, 可数：I have a job as a teacher.Jobs are not easy to get.He wants a job.2work, 不可数

I cannot find work in this town.Have you finished your work? 105.with和in表示“用”：1with用工具：write with a pen /a pencil/

a piece of chalk 2in用写字材料：write in ink / pen(前无冠词)106.时刻之表达：1分钟未过半点，如7:20→seven twenty→twenty

past seven: 2:02→two oh two→two past two 2分钟已过半点，如5:45→five forty-five→a quarter to six→fifteen to six 1:58→one fifty-eight→two to two 3刚好半点，如9:30→nine thirty→half past nine 4刚好整点，如11:00→eleven o’clock 107.be + 形 + of sb 与 for sb的区别：1It’s kind of you to help me.解释：kind, nice, good, clever, foolish，lazy等词表示的是人的特点或性格。此句相当于在说You are kind to help me.此情况下介词用的是of.2It’s easy for you to do the work.解释：easy，difficult, necessary, important, dangerous, interesting等词如果在句中不反映人的特点或性格，如此句中并不是在说You are easy.而是“做

这项工作”这件事是容易的。此情况下介词用的是for.又如：It’s dangerous for us to climb the mountain.“爬山”是危险的，不是说“我们”是“危险”的。for sb 是“就某人来说”之意。

108.take, bring, fetch与carry: 都译为“拿”。◆take“拿走”，从说话人处带到另一处 ◆bring“带来”，从另一处带到说话人处。◆fetch“去拿来”，先到另一地拿东西，然后再返回到说话人处。◆carry“拿、搬、扛”，没有特定方向性。

109.条件与祈使: 有时条件句可以与祈使句有相同的意思。注意以下句子结构有何不同。

If you work hard, you will achieve your dream.相当于: Work hard, and you will achieve„

If you don’t listen to me carefully, you won’t understand it.相当于：Listen to me carefully, or you won’t understand it.110.in / on / at + 时间：1in three days(“„时间后”，常用于一般将来时)in September

in 1998;in the 1860s(在十九世纪六十年代)

in the morning/ afternoon/ evening/ night

2on Christmas Eve;on October 1st;

on Sunday evenings;on a cold morning;

on Fridays;on New Year’s Day;

on the morning / afternoon / evening / night of September 10th.(morning / afternoon / evening / night若是early / late 修饰时，仍用介词in)

3at 6:00;at Christmas;at noon;at night 112.one day与someday/some day的区别：

1one day“某一天，有一天”既可用于一般过去时，也可用于一般将来时。One day, a stranger came to my house.I will achieve my dream one day.2someday/some day“某一天”常用于一般将来时。可以和one day互换。I’m sure I can go to the Great Wall someday.113.missing与lost: 都可译为“丢失的，失踪的”

但用的分别是动词的现在分词和过去分词形式。My pen is lost / missing.(表语)

初中英语语法总结 篇5

请见下表：

第一到第十 第十一到第十九 第二十以上

first eleventh twentieth

second twelfth thirtieth

third thirteenth fortieth

fourth fourteenth fiftieth

fifth fifteenth sixtieth

sixth sixteenth seventieth

seventh seventeenth eightieth

eighth eighteenth ninetieth

ninth nineteenth hundredth

tenth thousandth

说明：

1.英语中表示第一、第二、第三的序数词属特殊形式，要注意它们的拼写。

2.表示―几十‖的序数词通常是将基数词词尾y变成i再加上后缀-eth。

3.其余的二位数序数词是以相应的整十基数词加个位序数词。如：fifty-first(第五十一)。

4.少数序数词拼法不规则，如：fifth(第五)，eighth(第八)，ninth(第九)，twelfth(第十

二)等。

注意：

1.序数词可缩写为阿拉伯数字加序数词最后两个字母。

例如：

第一：(the) first=1 st

第二：(the) second=2 nd

第三：(the) third=3 rd

第五：(the) fifth=5th

第九十七：(the) ninety-seventh=97 th

第一百零一：(the) one hundred (and)first=101st

初中英语语法总结与练习 篇6

过去进行时由 was/were 加现在分词构成。

例如：

What were you doing this time yesterday?昨天这个时候你在做什么?

During the summer of she was travelling in Europe.夏天她在欧洲旅行。

He said he was leaving for home in a day or two. 他说他一两天之内就动身回家了。

She was always thinking of others. 她老是想到别人。(赞扬)

She was forever complaining. 她老是抱怨。(厌烦)

I was reading the newspaper when the doorbell rang. 我正在看报，突然门铃响了。

Jim burnt his hand when he was cooking the dinner. 吉姆做饭时把手烫了。

I met Diana while I was shopping this morning. 我今早买东西时碰到了戴安娜。

初中英语语法总结与练习 篇7

关键词：初中英语,语法教学,理念,趣味性

学习任何一门语言,掌握语法知识至关重要。就初中学生而言,英语学习还不够深入,而且在学习上没有形成一定的体系和认识,但无论是何种语言形式,都必须经历语法的学习。但就目前我国初中英语教学成果来看,语法教学方法还比较传统,与英语的发展方向还有一定偏差。教学质量偏低为当今众多学生家长所诟病。学习氛围不够热烈,学生学习积极性不强等诸多问题,应引起广大初中英语教学工作者的深思。

一、初中英语语法教学的理念

在我国传统文化中,被众人津津乐道的一句话是“学以致用”。人们通过日常学习,然后在生活中加以利用,应是一条亘古不变的道理。但从我国初中英语教学的现状来看,学生在学校受到教育,但是在实际生活中无法做到有效利用。面对此类现象,其根本原因在于,广大教育工作的教学重点落在“学”,而这里所谈到的“学”,仅局限于课堂和考试。学生通过学习仅仅是为了应付考试,一旦考试结束,知识的遗忘速度远大于知识的学习速度。归根结底是传统教学模式偏离了学习的初衷,导致学生在生活中,缺乏良好的沟通和交流能力。具体落实到英语教学上来说,过去学生对英语语法的学习过于僵硬,缺乏灵活性。随着英语在全世界的不断推广,英语将逐步融入人们的生活,因此,英语语法的教学也在大背景之下,不断向前发展。在此情况下,不得不转变思维理念,采取全新的教学模式,更好地为初中学生的英语学习带来便利。

二、趣味性英语语法教学

语法是英语的基础,只有学好语法,才能进一步学习更深层的知识。而如何让学生对英语语法知识全面掌握,是每一位初中英语教育工作者需要考虑的问题。语法教学乏味无趣,为提升教学效果,作为初中英语教师,应转变教学模式,采取趣味性教学法,将乏味无趣的教学转化为丰富有趣。在全新教学理念之下,教师应一改过往以“教”为主的传统教学模式,倡导以“学”为主,多样化教学,比如可以通过讲故事、朗诵优美文章、做与英语有关的趣味游戏等各式各样的方式,达到提升学生学习积极性的目的。

三、口诀式英语语法教学

口诀朗朗上口,易于理解,便于记忆,可以有效地帮助学生把语法知识体系化、系统化。为了使学生提高学习效率,又不增加他们的负担,我们可以把语法知识全部变为口诀。如,在教授宾语从句时,用“判断句式,选择连词,还原语序,时态呼应,”这是十六字字诀,应用此口诀,宾语从句中的“语序,连词,时态”的问题就迎刃而解了。同时,我们用口诀还攻克了感叹句的难关。应用“一断,二加,三换位,四感叹”的口诀,解决了感叹句中感叹词难选的问题。学生对这些口诀乐此不疲,更好地提升了做题的效率。

四、生活化英语语法教学

走进生活,融入语法,编创对话,把语法教学生活化。对于知识的掌握我们不应只局限于会背,为了使语法知识活用于生活,笔者要求学生整合新旧知识,创设情境,并且结合自己的生活编创新的对话。如,在课前预设“story time”时段时,让学生用英语在课前一分钟自由发言,但必须运用本单元所学的语法知识。学生们热情很高,参与性很强,有的学生还加上自己滑稽的肢体语言并乐在其中。长此以往,学生们不仅仅提高了他们的英语口语能力,更重要的是他们把语法知识已经内化为能力。

学习英语的目的在于沟通与交流。因此,英语教师在教学过程中,应坚持实用原则。语法教学语境的建立,可有效增强教学的趣味性,从而使得英语语法教学与实际生活完美结合起来,提升学生用英语进行日常沟通的能力。英语语法涵盖面较为广泛,包括词汇、句型结构等,而且在不同的语境中,用的规则也不尽相同。因此,英语教师在英语语法教学过程中,应从多种角度建立不同的语境,使英语教学更具灵活性。一方面,作为英语教师,要将过去已传授过的知识,再次搬上讲台,带领学生进行复习;另一方面,要制定学习新知识的计划。两方面协调开展,方能保障部分对旧知识的掌握程度不够的学生,通过复习加以巩固,并拉近学习差距,增强学习自信心。

初中英语语法教学的理念与实践 篇8

[关键词]：英语学习 语法 现状 策略 理念

随着时代的发展，我国的教育也进行了一些改革，使其更加符合教学的需要，在改革的过程中也产生了各种教学理念，这些教学理念对于教育的发展有着非常重要的作用。在进行英语语法教学的时候，必须将那些新理念运用进去，进行教学理念和教学办法的创新，给学生创造良好的语法学习氛围和条件，确保英语语法教学的效果能够达到最好，更好的提高学生的英语水平。

一、初中英语语法教学的现状

在英语中语法教学主要是讲解句型结构和一些词汇，针对的也是英语本身的语言结构规律。在进行教学的时候，语法教学往往会比较的枯燥，学生在学习的时候兴趣不高，学习起来也比较被动，特别是山区学生在学习的时候，往往会根本就听不懂。面对这种情况，老师必须对教学方法和理念进行完善，努力提高学生对英语语法学习的兴趣，让学生真正的意识到语法学习对于英语学习的重要性，真正的拓宽学生的视野，让学生在课堂上进行语言运用，和学生进行英语交流，提高学生学习兴趣的同时，加深学生对语法乃至英语的理解。

二、初中英语语法教学的理念分析

以往在进行初中英语语法教学的时候，老师往往讲的比较枯燥，学生听的也没有兴趣，语法学习的效率也很差。新课改和素质教育要求在进行教学的时候，必须更好的把学生的主体作用发挥出来，提高学生的思维创造能力，让学生在学习的时候更好的应用自己学到的一些英语知识，营造一种英语学习的氛围。山区老师也是如此，在教学的时候，必须突破以往的理念，进行教学方法的创新，总结教学过程中的一些规律，并且将其应用到教学中去，确保形成的教学策略是有效的，从而提高学生英语语法的学习能力。

三、加强初中英语语法教学实践的措施

（一）采取各种措施，增强语法教学的趣味性

初中学生在进行英语语法学习的时候，往往会觉得很枯燥，学习起来一点趣味性都没有，学习的时候，自然也不会有兴趣，在英语学习中，语法是其学习基础，并且也比较难。在教学的时候，老师往往会采取强制灌输的方式，但是取得效果却差强人意，所以，老师必须努力的采取措施提高学生主动学习英语语法的兴趣。想要提高学生对于语法学习的兴趣，老师便必须改变以往的教学观念，在教学的时候，不能只是枯燥的講，这样学生很难真正听进去和理解。增加教学中的趣味性，是一种不错的方式，比如说用英语将一些学生感兴趣的故事、游戏，多媒体也是一种不错的方式，但是山区学校办学条件往往很难应用多媒体，若是能够达到要求，老师可以在讲语法的时候将一些电影中的经典对话以多媒体的形式表现出来，这样生动形象，很容易激发学生的兴趣。若是条件达不到，老师可以采用讲故事或者做游戏的方式，提高学生的兴趣，通过简单的对话和老师的详细讲解，学生在理解起来也会比较的容易，对于山区学生理解语法结构有很大的帮助，并且还能够营造良好的课堂氛围，加深学生对于知识点的印象，更好的强化教学效果。

（二）结合实际，将情境应用到语法教学中

学生学习英语的目的，不仅仅是为了考试取得好成绩，最终的目的则是提高学生英语应用的能力。所以在进行语法教学的时候，老师不能让学生只是记下来，而是必须注重实际的应用。情景教学便是一种很好的方式，在进行英语语法教学的时候，老师应该有针对性的创造情景，加强学生的英语交流，这样不但能够提高学生对于英语语法的理解能力，还能够帮助学生更好的了解语法的应用。在初中英语语法教学的时候，不但要将词汇、规则以及句型重视起来，还必须重视对话过程中的实际表达，通过情景创设能够提高学生的语法应用能力。

在语法教学中，学以致用是非常重要的，所以在语法教学的时候，老师应该充分的将例子运用进来，更加形象的进行教学，这样学生理解起来也会更加的深入，提高学生对于英语实用性的认识。老师在教学的时候，应该利用好那些比较基础的知识点，让学生进行思维的发散，进行想象，确保语法能做到融会贯通，举一反三。

（三）引导学生灵活运用语法知识

学生学习到语法知识，能否真正的做到学以致用，是很多老师关注的问题，老师在教学的时候也应该在这方面进行合理的引导，举一些学生生活中的事物或者实例进行语法教学，这样学生对英语实用性的认识便会加深，这样还能够更好的让学生认识到语法是来源于生活的，并且最终也会应用到生活中去，提高学生英语实践方面的能力。在对定语从句进行讲解的时候，老师可以举一些学生生活中的例子，着重突出其中的时间、人物以及地点；在进行语法跪着的讲解时，老师可以选取生活中的一些事物，这样学生在学习的时候不但能够了解到知识，还能够提高学生的实际语法运用能力，真正的做到学以致用。

结语：

对于初中学生而言，英语语法是非常重要的，不但是英语的基础，学习的好也会给将来的英语学习和实际应用打下良好的基础。在初中英语学习中，若是语法达不到要求，学生在进行阅读以及写作的时候就很难真正的学好。甚至有的学生在学习语法的时候没有学会，便失去了英语学习兴趣，所以老师在进行初中英语语法教学的时候，必须充分的认识到其重要性，讲语法的时候，努力的做到深入浅出，根据学生的实际需要进行语境创设，用好各种手段，提高学生的语法水平和英语应用水平。

参考文献：

[1]张云春.初中英语语法教学的理念与实践[J].英语广场（学术研究），2012（03）

[2]陈淑云.解析初中英语语法教学的理念与实践[J].成功（教育），2013（10）

[3]曹钦卿.初中英语语法教学的理念与实践浅探[J].中学课程辅导（江苏教师），2012（06）

[4]周霞.初中英语语法教学的理念与实践分析[J].中学英语园地（教学指导），2012（35）

[5]刘娜.对初中英语语法教学存在的问题及解决办法的探讨[J].语数外学习（初中版下旬），2013（10）

[6]张红影.浅谈新课程理念下初中英语语法教学[J].魅力中国，2010（02）